不同氮利用率粳稻品种的碳氮积累与转运特征及其生理机制

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211203

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明不同氮利用率水稻品种的氮素积累与转运特征及其机制。【方法】2个氮高效品种(武运粳30号和连粳7号)和2个氮低效品种(扬粳4038和宁粳1号)种植于大田，设置2个施氮量：全生育期不施氮(0 N)和全生育期施氮180 kg/hm² (180N)，比较分析了不同氮利用率粳稻品种干物质生产、氮素积累与转运差异及其机制。【结果】与氮低效品种相比，氮高效品种具有较高的产量、氮肥利用率、总颖花量和结实率，较高的花前干物质转运量和花后干物质积累量，分蘖至穗分化始期和抽穗至成熟期较高的净同化率和作物生长率，抽穗期较高的糖花比，灌浆期较高的籽粒库活性、籽粒中脱落酸与1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸含量的比值和茎鞘中较高的非结构性碳水化合物的转运和蔗糖合成相关酶活性以及蔗糖转运蛋白基因的表达量，抽穗后较高的氮转运、氮素吸收量，灌浆期较高的比叶氮含量、叶片中细胞分裂素含量、氮代谢酶活性以及氮素转运相关基因的表达量。【结论】氮高效品种穗分化前和抽穗后较高的物质生产效率以及灌浆期较高的碳氮转运与积累是产量和氮肥利用率协同提高的重要机制。

关键词: 氮素积累, 氮转运, 物质转运, 干物质积累, 产量, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to elucidate the characteristics of nitrogen uptake and translocation and their mechanism of the rice varieties differing in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). 【Method】 Two N-efficient varieties (NEVs: Wuyunjing 30, Lianjing 7) and two N-inefficient varieties (NIVs: Yangjing 4038, Ningjing 1) were grown in a paddy field under two N rates including 0 kg /hm² (0N) and 180 kg /hm² (180N), and the dry matter and N accumulation and translocation and their mechanism in these japonica rice varieties were investigated. 【Result】 The NEVs exhibited higher grain yield and NUE, more total spikelets and greater filled grain percentage in comparison with NIVs. NEVs also showed higher pre-anthesis matter translocation and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, higher crop growth rate and net assimilation rate during the stages from mid-tillering to panicle initiation and from heading to maturity, greater sugar-spikelet ratio, the ratio of abscisic acid to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content and activities of the enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains, more remobilization of nonstructural carbohydrates from stems and sheaths to grains during grain filling, higher activities of enzymes in sucrose synthesis and the expression level of genes related to sucrose transport. The NEVs had higher nitrogen uptake, greater nitrogen translocation amount after heading, higher contents of specific leaf N and cytokinins, higher activities of enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism and the expression level of genes involved in nitrogen transport in leaves. 【Conclusion】 Higher matter production efficiency before panicle differentiation and after heading, greater carbon and nitrogen translocation and accumulation during grain filling are the important mechanisms behind the synergistic improvement in grain yield and NUE of NEVs.

Key words: nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen translocation, matter translocation, dry matter accumulation, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency

任维晨, 常庆霞, 张亚军, 朱宽宇, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 不同氮利用率粳稻品种的碳氮积累与转运特征及其生理机制[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(6): 586-600.

REN Weichen, CHANG Qingxia, ZHANG Yajun, ZHU Kuanyu, WANG Zhiqin, YANG Jianchang. Characteristics and Physiological Mechanism of Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation and Translocation of japonica Rice Varieties Differing in Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(6): 586-600.

图/表 15

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品种 Variety	选育单位 Breeding institution	生育期 Growth period/d
武运粳30号 Wuyunjing 30	江苏(武进)水稻研究所	156
连粳7号 Lianjing 7	连云港市农业科学研究院	153
宁粳1号 Ningjing 1	南京农业大学水稻研究所	152
扬粳4038 Yangjing 4038	江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所	154

品种 Variety	选育单位 Breeding institution	生育期 Growth period/d
武运粳30号 Wuyunjing 30	江苏(武进)水稻研究所	156
连粳7号 Lianjing 7	连云港市农业科学研究院	153
宁粳1号 Ningjing 1	南京农业大学水稻研究所	152
扬粳4038 Yangjing 4038	江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所	154

基因名称 Gene	引物序列 Primer sequence	调控蛋白(酶) Encoding protein (enzyme)
OsActin	F-AGCAGCATGAAGATCAAGGTGGTC R-CCTTGGCAATCCACATCTGCTG	内参蛋白 Actin
OsAMT1.1	F-GGTTTCTCTCCCTCTCCGAT R-CCACCTTCACACCACACATT	铵态氮转运蛋白1.1 Ammonium transporter 1.1
OsAMT1.2	F-AAGCACATGCCGCAGACA R-GACGCCCGACTTGAACAG	铵态氮转运蛋白1.2 Ammonium transporter 1.2
OsNRT1.1B	F-GGCAGGCTCGACTACTTCTA R-AGGCGCTTCTCCTTGTAGAC	硝态氮转运蛋白1.1B Nitrate transporter 1.1B
OsNRT2.3a	F-CTCATCCGCGACACCCTC R-GATGGAGGAGCAGTACACCG	硝态氮转运蛋白2.3a Nitrate transporter 2.3a
OsNPF2.4	F-TAGGATTAAGTGGGTGAGG R-GTCAAACAGCAAGTAGCG	硝态氮转运蛋白2.4 Nitrate transporter 2.4
OsSUT1	F-TTACAAGGACAACCGCGTCC R-GGCGTATCCCTTCATGGTGT	蔗糖转运蛋白1 Sucrose transporter 1
OsTPP7	F-TCAAGGTGTGGTACGTGGTG R-CGAGGTCATAGCCCATCTTC	海藻糖-6-磷酸磷酸酶7 Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase 7

基因名称 Gene	引物序列 Primer sequence	调控蛋白(酶) Encoding protein (enzyme)
OsActin	F-AGCAGCATGAAGATCAAGGTGGTC R-CCTTGGCAATCCACATCTGCTG	内参蛋白 Actin
OsAMT1.1	F-GGTTTCTCTCCCTCTCCGAT R-CCACCTTCACACCACACATT	铵态氮转运蛋白1.1 Ammonium transporter 1.1
OsAMT1.2	F-AAGCACATGCCGCAGACA R-GACGCCCGACTTGAACAG	铵态氮转运蛋白1.2 Ammonium transporter 1.2
OsNRT1.1B	F-GGCAGGCTCGACTACTTCTA R-AGGCGCTTCTCCTTGTAGAC	硝态氮转运蛋白1.1B Nitrate transporter 1.1B
OsNRT2.3a	F-CTCATCCGCGACACCCTC R-GATGGAGGAGCAGTACACCG	硝态氮转运蛋白2.3a Nitrate transporter 2.3a
OsNPF2.4	F-TAGGATTAAGTGGGTGAGG R-GTCAAACAGCAAGTAGCG	硝态氮转运蛋白2.4 Nitrate transporter 2.4
OsSUT1	F-TTACAAGGACAACCGCGTCC R-GGCGTATCCCTTCATGGTGT	蔗糖转运蛋白1 Sucrose transporter 1
OsTPP7	F-TCAAGGTGTGGTACGTGGTG R-CGAGGTCATAGCCCATCTTC	海藻糖-6-磷酸磷酸酶7 Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase 7

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	产量 Grain yield /(t·hm^-2)	单位面积穗数 Number of panicles per 1 m²	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花数 Total spikelets /(×10³·m⁻²)	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g
0N	武运粳30号Wuyujing 30	6.44±0.33 c	220±9 d	125±5 d	27.5±0.5 e	83.7±1.9 a	28.3±0.3 a
	连粳7号Lianjing 7	6.53±0.39 c	234±4 c	131±4 c	30.7±1.4 d	84.9±2.8 a	28.7±0.3 a
	宁粳1号Ningjing 1	5.89±0.25 d	218±6 d	120±6 e	26.1±0.4 f	76.1±2.1 cd	27.9±0.5 a
	扬粳4038 Yangjing 4038	5.82±0.17 d	230±8 c	114±4 f	26.2±0.6 f	80.5±2.4 b	28.7±0.5 a
180N	武运粳30号Wuyunjing 30	9.16±0.36 a	290±9 a	146±5 a	42.3±2.3 a	79.4±1.6 b	28.1±0.6 a
	连粳7号Lianjing 7	9.38±0.27 a	284±5 a	150±8 a	42.6±3.0 a	80.4±3.4 b	28.5±0.7 a
	宁粳1号Ningjing 1	8.17±0.32 b	273±13 b	134±6 b	36.5±1.4 c	73.9±1.2 d	27.9±0.8 a
	扬粳4038 Yangjing 4038	8.23±0.21 b	285±10 a	138±6 b	39.3±1.1 b	78.3±2.3 bc	28.5±0.4 a
方差分析ANOVA
氮肥Nitrogen(N)		***	***	***	***	**	NS
品种Variety(V)		***	NS	***	***	***	NS
氮肥×品种N×V		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS