OsNramp5基因变异影响水稻重要农艺性状的研究进展

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.220316

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

筛选和培育镉(Cd)低积累水稻品种是解决稻米镉污染问题最经济、有效的办法。现有研究表明OsNramp5是介导水稻Cd吸收最重要的基因，其功能缺失后，水稻籽粒Cd含量极显著下降，但同时会影响水稻必需元素锰(Mn)的吸收，而在前人关于OsNramp5变异影响水稻生长发育的研究中，结论并不一致。系统了解OsNramp5基因变异对水稻重要农艺性状的影响有助于推动低Cd优质水稻新品种的培育。本文重点对OsNramp5基因变异对水稻中金属离子的含量，水稻的生长发育、产量性状及米质的影响进行了综述，以期为利用OsNramp5基因突变选育低Cd积累水稻品种提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, OsNramp5, 镉, 锰, 农艺性状

Abstract:

Developing low-cadmium (Cd) rice cultivars is the most economical and effective way to solve the problem of “Cadmium Rice”. Previous studies have shown that OsNramp5 is the major transport gene for Cd uptake in rice. The functional deficiency of OsNramp5 leads to a significant decrease in the content of Cd in rice grains, and the uptake of manganese (Mn) is also affected. However, in previous studies on the effect of OsNramp5 variation on rice growth and development, the conclusions were inconsistent. The systematic understanding of the effects of OsNramp5 mutation on important agronomic traits in rice will promote the development of new rice cultivars with low-Cd and high-quality. This manuscript focuses on the effects of OsNramp5 mutation on the content of metal ions, growth and development, yield and quality of rice, so as to provide scientific guidance for the breeding of new rice cultivars with low Cd accumulation by OsNramp5 mutation.

Key words: rice, OsNramp5, cadmium, manganese, agronomic trait

李小秀, 吕启明, 袁定阳. OsNramp5基因变异影响水稻重要农艺性状的研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(6): 562-571.

LI Xiaoxiu, LÜ Qiming, YUAN Dingyang. Research Progress on the Effects of OsNramp5 Mutation on Important Agronomic Traits in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(6): 562-571.

图/表 3

参考文献 63

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基因符号 Gene symbol	组织表达 Tissue expression	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization	金属转运功能 Metal transport function	参考文献 Reference
OsNramp1	根、叶 Root, leaf	质膜Plasma membrane	Cd	[30,31]
OsNramp2	地上部 Aboveground part	液泡膜 Tonoplast	Fe	[32]
OsNramp3	维管束 Vascular bundle	质膜Plasma membrane	Mn	[33,34]
OsNramp4	根 Root	质膜Plasma membrane	Al	[35,36]
OsNramp5	根 Root	质膜Plasma membrane	Cd, Mn, Fe	[40⇓⇓-43]
OsNramp6	不详 Unavailable	质膜Plasma membrane	Fe, Mn	[37]
OsNramp7	根、茎、幼穗 Root, culm, young panicle	不详 Unavailable	Fe, Zn	[38,39]

基因符号 Gene symbol	组织表达 Tissue expression	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization	金属转运功能 Metal transport function	参考文献 Reference
OsNramp1	根、叶 Root, leaf	质膜Plasma membrane	Cd	[30,31]
OsNramp2	地上部 Aboveground part	液泡膜 Tonoplast	Fe	[32]
OsNramp3	维管束 Vascular bundle	质膜Plasma membrane	Mn	[33,34]
OsNramp4	根 Root	质膜Plasma membrane	Al	[35,36]
OsNramp5	根 Root	质膜Plasma membrane	Cd, Mn, Fe	[40⇓⇓-43]
OsNramp6	不详 Unavailable	质膜Plasma membrane	Fe, Mn	[37]
OsNramp7	根、茎、幼穗 Root, culm, young panicle	不详 Unavailable	Fe, Zn	[38,39]

变异位置 Mutation site	变异来源Mutation method	遗传背景Genetic background	变异类型 Mutation type	籽粒Cd、Mn含量Contents of Cd and Mn in grains	其他金属含量 Other metal content	产量及其他性状 Yield and other traits	参考文献Reference
第1外显子	CRISPR/Cas9技术	南粳46、淮稻5号	1 bp插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe无显著影响	产量、株高、每穗粒数、结实率均显著降低，穗数增加	[47]
			17 bp插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe无显著影响	产量、株高、每穗粒数、结实率均显著降低	[47]
			11 bp插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe无显著影响	产量、株高、每穗粒数、结实率均显著降低	[47]
		中花11	4 bp缺失	Cd、Mn显著下降	—	生长严重受阻，根及地上部干质量显著降低	[57]
第2外显子	CRISPR/Cas9技术	黄华占	1 bp插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn无显著影响	产量、每穗粒数、结实率、秸秆产量均显著降低，米质变劣，分蘖数增加	[20]
第6外显子	CRISPR/Cas9技术	黄华占	2 bp插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn无显著影响	产量、每穗粒数、结实率、秸秆产量均显著降低，米质变劣	[20]
第7外显子	CRISPR/Cas9技术	锡稻1号	1 bp插入	Cd显著下降	—	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[48]
	EMS诱变	9311	SNP变异	Cd显著下降	对Fe、Zn、Cu无显著影响	其他性状无显著影响	[52]
第8外显子	EMS诱变	Hitomebore	SNP变异	Cd、Mn显著下降	—	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[51]
第9外显子	碳离子束辐射诱变	越光	1 bp缺失	Cd<0.05 mg/kg， Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn、Cu无显著影响	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[41]
	CRISPR/Cas9技术	华占	3 bp缺失+ 1 bp插入	Cd<0.05 mg/kg， Mn极显著下降	对Cu、Zn无显著影响， Fe显著上升	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[46]
			5 bp缺失	Cd<0.05 mg/kg， Mn极显著下降	对Cu、Zn无显著影响， Fe显著上升	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[46]
		锡稻1号	33 bp缺失	Cd显著下降	—	减产44.3%，生长严重受阻，株高降低	[48]
		黄华占	1 bp插入	均显著下降	对Fe、Zn无显著影响	产量、每穗粒数、结实率、秸秆生物量均显著降低	[20]
		中花11	2 bp缺失+ 1 bp插入	—	—	产量、千粒重极显著降低，米质变劣	[58]
		中花11	5 bp缺失+ 1 bp插入	—	—	产量、千粒重极显著降低，米质变劣	[58]
第10外显子	碳离子束辐射诱变	越光	433 bp插入	Cd<0.05 mg/kg，Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn、Cu 无显著影响	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[41]
	CRISPR/Cas9技术	华占、五丰B、五山丝苗、中早35	1-3 bp缺失+ 1 bp插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn、Cu、Ca、 As、Se无显著影响	减产6.9%，株高、结实率、千粒重小幅降低，有效分蘖略微增加	[49]
第5内含子	T-DNA插入	中花11	大片段插入	—	对K、Ca、Mg、Zn、 Cu无显著影响	生长受阻，叶片变黄	[43]
第8内含子	碳离子束辐射诱变	隆臻36S、华恢8612	18 bp缺失	Cd、Mn显著下降	—	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[63]
第10内含子	碳离子束辐射诱变	隆臻36S、华恢8612	3 bp缺失	Cd、Mn显著下降	—	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[63]
第12内含子	T-DNA插入	中花11	大片段插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn、Cu无显著影响	减产89%，生长受阻，叶片严重失绿	[40]
全基因缺失	碳离子束辐射诱变	越光	227 kb缺失	Cd<0.05 mg/kg， Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn无显著影响， Cu显著上升	产量显著降低，抽穗早，株型小，穗数多，但秸秆产量低	[41]
全基因缺失	⁶⁰Co辐射诱变	粤泰B	408 kb缺失	Cd显著下降	—	—	[61-62]

变异位置 Mutation site	变异来源Mutation method	遗传背景Genetic background	变异类型 Mutation type	籽粒Cd、Mn含量Contents of Cd and Mn in grains	其他金属含量 Other metal content	产量及其他性状 Yield and other traits	参考文献Reference
第1外显子	CRISPR/Cas9技术	南粳46、淮稻5号	1 bp插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe无显著影响	产量、株高、每穗粒数、结实率均显著降低，穗数增加	[47]
			17 bp插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe无显著影响	产量、株高、每穗粒数、结实率均显著降低	[47]
			11 bp插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe无显著影响	产量、株高、每穗粒数、结实率均显著降低	[47]
		中花11	4 bp缺失	Cd、Mn显著下降	—	生长严重受阻，根及地上部干质量显著降低	[57]
第2外显子	CRISPR/Cas9技术	黄华占	1 bp插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn无显著影响	产量、每穗粒数、结实率、秸秆产量均显著降低，米质变劣，分蘖数增加	[20]
第6外显子	CRISPR/Cas9技术	黄华占	2 bp插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn无显著影响	产量、每穗粒数、结实率、秸秆产量均显著降低，米质变劣	[20]
第7外显子	CRISPR/Cas9技术	锡稻1号	1 bp插入	Cd显著下降	—	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[48]
	EMS诱变	9311	SNP变异	Cd显著下降	对Fe、Zn、Cu无显著影响	其他性状无显著影响	[52]
第8外显子	EMS诱变	Hitomebore	SNP变异	Cd、Mn显著下降	—	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[51]
第9外显子	碳离子束辐射诱变	越光	1 bp缺失	Cd<0.05 mg/kg， Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn、Cu无显著影响	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[41]
	CRISPR/Cas9技术	华占	3 bp缺失+ 1 bp插入	Cd<0.05 mg/kg， Mn极显著下降	对Cu、Zn无显著影响， Fe显著上升	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[46]
			5 bp缺失	Cd<0.05 mg/kg， Mn极显著下降	对Cu、Zn无显著影响， Fe显著上升	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[46]
		锡稻1号	33 bp缺失	Cd显著下降	—	减产44.3%，生长严重受阻，株高降低	[48]
		黄华占	1 bp插入	均显著下降	对Fe、Zn无显著影响	产量、每穗粒数、结实率、秸秆生物量均显著降低	[20]
		中花11	2 bp缺失+ 1 bp插入	—	—	产量、千粒重极显著降低，米质变劣	[58]
		中花11	5 bp缺失+ 1 bp插入	—	—	产量、千粒重极显著降低，米质变劣	[58]
第10外显子	碳离子束辐射诱变	越光	433 bp插入	Cd<0.05 mg/kg，Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn、Cu 无显著影响	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[41]
	CRISPR/Cas9技术	华占、五丰B、五山丝苗、中早35	1-3 bp缺失+ 1 bp插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn、Cu、Ca、 As、Se无显著影响	减产6.9%，株高、结实率、千粒重小幅降低，有效分蘖略微增加	[49]
第5内含子	T-DNA插入	中花11	大片段插入	—	对K、Ca、Mg、Zn、 Cu无显著影响	生长受阻，叶片变黄	[43]
第8内含子	碳离子束辐射诱变	隆臻36S、华恢8612	18 bp缺失	Cd、Mn显著下降	—	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[63]
第10内含子	碳离子束辐射诱变	隆臻36S、华恢8612	3 bp缺失	Cd、Mn显著下降	—	产量、其他性状无显著影响	[63]
第12内含子	T-DNA插入	中花11	大片段插入	Cd、Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn、Cu无显著影响	减产89%，生长受阻，叶片严重失绿	[40]
全基因缺失	碳离子束辐射诱变	越光	227 kb缺失	Cd<0.05 mg/kg， Mn显著下降	对Fe、Zn无显著影响， Cu显著上升	产量显著降低，抽穗早，株型小，穗数多，但秸秆产量低	[41]
全基因缺失	⁶⁰Co辐射诱变	粤泰B	408 kb缺失	Cd显著下降	—	—	[61-62]