秸秆还田下大气CO2浓度升高对水稻生长和CH4排放的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210811

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确秸秆还田下大气CO₂浓度升高对水稻生长和稻田CH₄排放的影响，为气候变化下温室气体排放评估和丰产低碳的稻作技术创新提供理论参考和科学依据。【方法】利用开顶式气室(Open top chamber, OTC)进行田间试验，设置两个CO₂浓度处理，分别为正常大气CO₂浓度处理(简称aCO₂，CO₂浓度约为0.04%)和大气CO₂浓度升高处理(简称eCO₂，CO₂浓度约为0.055%)，每个处理的田块混入等量的前茬小麦秸秆，探明秸秆还田下大气CO₂浓度升高对水稻产量等生长特性、稻田CH₄排放及微生物丰度的影响，揭示秸秆还田下大气CO₂浓度升高对CH₄排放的影响机制。【结果】大气CO₂浓度升高显著促进水稻的生长，使剑叶叶面积增加25.0%，地上生物量增加22.0%，产量提高29.0%。大气CO₂浓度升高显著增加了穗数、结实率和千粒重，但对穗粒数影响不显著。秸秆还田下，大气CO₂浓度升高有降低稻田CH₄排放的趋势，使单位产量CH₄排放量降低了39.4%。大气CO₂浓度升高使土壤甲烷氧化关键基因pmoA的拷贝数增加了20.0%，但对甲烷产生关键基因mcrA的拷贝数影响较小。【结论】秸秆还田条件下，未来大气CO₂浓度升高不仅提高了水稻产量，而且有利于减少稻田温室气体CH₄的排放。

关键词: 大气CO₂升高, 秸秆还田, 温室气体, 水稻产量, 甲烷排放

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study is to clarify the effects of increased atmospheric CO₂ concentration on rice growth and CH₄ emission under straw incorporation, so as to provide theoretical reference and lay a scientific basis for greenhouse gas emission assessment for rice production technology innovation concerning high yield and low carbon emission under climate change. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted in Open Top Chambers (OTC). Two CO₂ concentrations were designed, namely, ambient atmospheric CO₂ concentration (0.04%, aCO₂) and elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration (0.055%, eCO₂) with an equal amount of previous wheat straw incorporation. We analyzed the effects of eCO₂ concentration on rice yield and growth, CH₄ emission and the abundance of related microorganisms from paddy fields under straw incorporation, which could illustrate the influence mechanism of eCO₂ on CH₄ emission under that conditions. 【Result】The results showed that eCO₂ significantly promoted rice growth, i.e., eCO₂increased flag leaf area, aboveground biomass and rice yield by 25.0%, 22.0%, and 29.0%, respectively. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration significantly increased the number of panicles, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, but eCO₂ have no effect on the number of grains per panicle. Under straw incorporation, eCO₂ trended to mitigate the CH₄ emission from rice paddies and reduced the yield-scared CH₄ emission by 39.4%. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration increased the copy numbers of pmoA, a key gene for methane oxidation in soil, by 20%, but had little effect on the copy number of mcrA, a key gene for methane production. 【Conclusion】Under the straw incorporation, eCO₂ not only improves rice yield but also reduces CH₄ emission from rice paddies.

Key words: elevated atmospheric CO₂, straw incorporation, greenhouse gase, rice yield, methane emission

曾文静, 邱岚英, 陈俊杰, 钱浩宇, 张楠, 丁艳锋, 江瑜. 秸秆还田下大气CO₂浓度升高对水稻生长和CH₄排放的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(5): 543-550.

ZENG Wenjing, QIU Lanying, CHEN Junjie, QIAN Haoyu, ZHANG Nan, DING Yanfeng, JIANG Yu. Effect of Elevated CO₂ Concentration on Rice Growth and CH₄ Emission from Paddy Fields Under Straw Incorporation[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(5): 543-550.

图/表 5

表1 大气CO2浓度升高对水稻株高、叶面积和生物量的影响

Table 1. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on rice plant height, leaf area and biomass.

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	叶面积系数 Leaf area index		地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass/(g·m⁻²)
处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	剑叶 Flag leaf	倒2叶 Second leaf	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass/(g·m⁻²)
aCO₂	102.3 ± 0.8 a	0.8 ± 0.0 a	0.9 ± 0.1 a	2067.8 ± 62.6 a
eCO₂	104.0 ± 0.7 a	1.0 ± 0.0 b	1.1 ± 0.1 b	2523.3 ± 105.1 b

表2 大气CO2浓度升高对产量及产量构成因素的影响

Table 2. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on yield and its components.

处理 Treatment	每平方米穗数 Panicle number per square meter	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	产量 Yield /(g·m⁻²)
aCO₂	232.0 ± 7.2 a	203.7 ± 6.1 a	69.6 ± 0.6 a	23.4 ± 0.1 a	846.4 ± 34.1 a
eCO₂	276.0 ± 9.2 b	205.1 ± 8.6 a	74.2 ± 1.1 b	24.1 ± 0.2 b	1092.0 ± 56.1 b

图1 大气CO2浓度升高对CH4排放动态的影响图中误差线表示标准误。下同。

Fig. 1. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on CH4 emission dynamics. Error bars represent standard errors(n=6). The same as in the figures below.

图2 大气CO2浓度升高对CH4累积排放量(A)和单位产量CH4排放量(B)的影响

Fig. 2. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on CH4 emissions (A) and yield-scaled CH4 emission (B).

图3 大气CO2浓度升高对甲烷菌和氧化菌丰度的影响

Fig. 3. Influence of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on the abundance of methanogen and methanotroph.

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秸秆还田下大气CO₂浓度升高对水稻生长和CH₄排放的影响

Effect of Elevated CO₂ Concentration on Rice Growth and CH₄ Emission from Paddy Fields Under Straw Incorporation

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[1]	陈浩田, 秦缘, 钟笑涵, 林晨语, 秦竞航, 杨建昌, 张伟杨. 水稻根系和土壤性状与稻田甲烷排放关系的研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(3): 233-245.
[2]	彭显龙, 董强, 张辰, 李鹏飞, 李博琳, 刘智蕾, 于彩莲. 不同土壤条件下秸秆还田量对土壤还原性物质及水稻生长的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(2): 198-210.
[3]	张宇杰, 王志强, 马鹏, 杨志远, 孙永健, 马均. 麦秆还田下水氮耦合对水稻氮素吸收利用及产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(4): 388-398.
[4]	杨通, 吴俊男, 鲍婷, 李凤博, 冯金飞, 周锡跃, 方福平. 耕作方式对双季稻田土壤剖面CH₄和N₂O分布特征的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(1): 78-88.
[5]	彭志芸, 向开宏, 杨志远, 唐源, 谌洁, 张宇杰, 何艳, 严田蓉, 孙永健, 马均. 麦/油-稻轮作下秸秆还田与氮肥管理对直播杂交稻氮素利用特征的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2020, 34(1): 57-68.
[6]	殷尧翥, 郭长春, 孙永健, 武云霞, 余华清, 孙知白, 张桥, 王海月, 杨志远, 马均. 稻油轮作下油菜秸秆还田与水氮管理对杂交稻群体质量和产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(3): 257-268.
[7]	郭保卫, 胡雅杰, 钱海军, 曹伟伟, 邢志鹏, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 秸秆还田下适宜施氮量提高机插稻南粳9108产量和群体质量[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(5): 511-518.
[8]	裴鹏刚, 张均华, 朱练峰, 胡志华, 金千瑜. 秸秆还田耦合施氮水平对水稻光合特性、氮素吸收及产量形成的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(3): 282-290.
[9]	严奉君, 孙永健, 马均, 徐徽, 李玥, 代邹, 杨志远. 不同土壤肥力条件下麦秆还田与氮肥运筹对杂交稻氮素利用、产量及米质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(1): 56-64.
[10]	董春华1,2,3 ,曾闹华3 ,高菊生2,3,,刘强1, ,徐明岗3 ,文石林2,3 . 长期不同施肥模式下红壤性稻田水稻产量及有机碳含量变化特征[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2014, 28(2): 193-198.
[11]	马义虎,顾道健,刘立军,王志琴,张耗,杨建昌*. 玉米秸秆源有机肥对水稻产量与温室气体排放的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2013, 27(5): 520-528.
[12]	王丽丽1 ,闫晓君1 ,江瑜1 ,田云录3 ,邓艾兴2 ,张卫建1,2,*. 超级稻宁粳1号与常规粳稻CH4排放特征的比较分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2013, 27(4): 413-418.
[13]	赵建国2 ,蒋开锋1 ,杨莉1 ,杨乾华1 ,万先齐1 ,曹应江1 ,游书梅1 ,罗婧1 ,张涛1,* ,郑家奎1,*. 水稻产量相关性状QTL定位[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2013, 27(4): 344-352.
[14]	葛立立,马义虎,卞金龙,王志琴,杨建昌,刘立军*. 玉米秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对水稻产量与米质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2013, 27(2): 153-160.
[15]	陈培峰1 ,董明辉1，2 ,*,顾俊荣1,惠锋3,乔中英1,杨代凤1 ,刘腾飞1. 麦秸还田与氮肥运筹对超级稻强弱势粒粒重与品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2012, 26(6): 715-722.