“水稻-再生稻”种植模式专用肥轻简施用对产量、肥料利用率及经济效益的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210808

中国水稻科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 531-542.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210808

“水稻-再生稻”种植模式专用肥轻简施用对产量、肥料利用率及经济效益的影响

王敏羽¹, 戴志刚³, 余德芳⁴, 王向平⁵, 关绍华⁶, 邵远刚⁷, 张家学⁸, 李小坤¹^,²()

1.华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室，武汉 430070
2.再生稻生产与产业化技术湖北省工程研究中心，武汉 430070
3.湖北省耕地质量与肥料工作总站，武汉 430070
4.湖北省孝感市孝南区土壤肥料工作站，湖北孝感 432100
5.湖北省荆州市洪湖市土壤肥料工作站，湖北荆州 433200
6.湖北省荆门市钟祥市土壤肥料工作站，湖北荆门 431900
7.湖北省孝感市应城市农业技术推广中心，湖北应城 432400
8.湖北省黄冈市蕲春县土壤肥料工作站，湖北蕲春 435399

收稿日期:2021-08-16 修回日期:2022-02-21 出版日期:2022-09-10 发布日期:2022-09-09
通讯作者: 李小坤
基金资助:
公益性行业（农业）科研专项(201503123);湖北省水稻“三优”科技创新行动项目

Effects of Simplified Application of Dedicated Fertilizer on Yield, Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit in Rice-ratoon Rice System

WANG Minyu¹, DAI Zhigang³, YU Defang⁴, WANG Xiangping⁵, GUAN Shaohua⁶, SHAO Yuangang⁷, ZHANG Jiaxue⁸, LI Xiaokun¹^,²()

1. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/ Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
2. Hubei Engineering Research Center for Ratooning Rice Production and Industrialization Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
3. Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Station of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
4. Xiaogan District Soil Fertilizer Workstation, Xiaogan 432100, China
5. Honghu Soil Fertilizer Workstation, Jingzhou 433200, China
6. Zhongxiang Soil Fertilizer Workstation, Jingmen 433200, China
7. Yingcheng Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Xiaogan 432400, China
8. Qichun Soil Fertilizer Workstation, Qichun 435399, China

Received:2021-08-16 Revised:2022-02-21 Online:2022-09-10 Published:2022-09-09
Contact: LI Xiaokun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究明确“水稻-再生稻”体系施用专用肥对产量、产量构成因子、肥料利用率和经济效益的影响，为“水稻-再生稻”的轻简科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】采用多点田间试验，设置不施肥(T1)、当地农民习惯施肥(T2)、专用肥(T3)等3个处理。分别测定不同处理的产量、产量构成因子和氮、磷、钾养分含量，从而计算养分积累量、肥料利用率和经济效益。【结果】施肥可以显著提高稻谷产量，与T1相比，9个试验点的T2处理头季稻和再生稻平均增产56.0%和89.4%;T3处理平均增产75.3%和108.9%;与T2相比，T3处理头季稻、再生稻以及两季总产量分别增加了1006 kg/hm²、356 kg/hm²和1362 kg/hm²，增幅分别为12.4%、10.3%和11.8%。T3处理相较于T2处理，每穗粒数增加了20粒，增幅达到10.5%。养分吸收结果显示，与T2处理相比，T3处理头季水稻地上部氮(N)、磷(P₂O₅)和钾(K₂O)的积累量分别增加了7.4%、6.8%和10.2%;再生季分别增加了5.9%、16.6%和24.4%。不同试验点T3处理氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥回收利用率均有提高的趋势，与T2处理相比，最高分别增加25.3%、93.8%和143.7%。在9个试验点，纯收入平均提高了6.19×10³ 元/hm²。【结论】专用肥的施用可以显著提高“水稻-再生稻”种植模式稻谷产量，增加地上部养分吸收量，提高肥料利用率，减少施肥次数，提高经济效益。

关键词: 专用肥, 再生稻, 产量, 肥料利用率, 经济效益

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of simplified application of dedicated fertilizer on yield, yield components, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefit were studied and clarified in the system of rice-ratoon rice to lay a theoretical basis for the simplified and scientific fertilization. 【Method】Multi-site field experiments were designed with no fertilizer (T1), local farmers’ practice (T2) and dedicated and simplified fertilizer (T3). The yield, yield components, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration of different treatments were determined to calculate the nutrient accumulation, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefit. 【Result】Fertilization could significantly increase the yield of rice. Compared with T1 treatment, the main rice and ratoon rice in nine experimental sites under T2 treatment increased by 56.0% and 89.4%, respectively; For T3 treatment, by 75.3% and 108.9%. Compared with T2 treatment, the total grain yield of T3 treatment in the main season, the ratooning season and the two seasons increased by 1006 kg/hm², 356 kg/hm² and 1362 kg/hm², with increasing rates of 12.4%, 10.3% and 11.8%. Compared with T2 treatment, the number of grains per panicle of T3 treatment increased by 20 grains or 10.5%. The results showed that the Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P₂O₅) and Potassium (K₂O) accumulation in the main season in above-ground rice plants increased by 7.4%, 6.8% and 10.2% in T3 treatment. Compared with T2 treatment, the ratoon rice increased by 5.9%, 16.6% and 24.4%. The partial factor productivity from applied N, apparent recovery efficiency of applied N and agronomic efficiency of applied N of T3 treatment at different experimental sites increased, with the highest increase of 25.3%, 93.8% and 143.7%, respectively as compared with T2 treatment. In the nine experimental sites, net income increased by 6.19×103 Yuan/hm² on average. 【Conclusion】The results showed that the application of dedicated and simplified fertilizer could significantly increase the rice yield, the nutrient uptake of above-ground parts, and improve the fertilizer use efficiency, reduce the times of fertilization and increase economic benefits.

Key words: dedicated fertilizer, ratoon rice, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, economic benefit

王敏羽, 戴志刚, 余德芳, 王向平, 关绍华, 邵远刚, 张家学, 李小坤. “水稻-再生稻”种植模式专用肥轻简施用对产量、肥料利用率及经济效益的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(5): 531-542.

WANG Minyu, DAI Zhigang, YU Defang, WANG Xiangping, GUAN Shaohua, SHAO Yuangang, ZHANG Jiaxue, LI Xiaokun. Effects of Simplified Application of Dedicated Fertilizer on Yield, Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit in Rice-ratoon Rice System[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(5): 531-542.

图/表 11

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试验点 Experimental site	pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic matter /(g·kg⁻¹)	全氮 Total nitrogen /(g·kg⁻¹)	速效磷 Available phosphorus /(mg·kg⁻¹)	速效钾 Available potassium /(mg·kg⁻¹)
钟祥银钱 YQ	6.3	27.3	1.4	15.8	151.2
钟祥双桥 SQ	6.3	22.9	1.0	4.3	51.2
钟祥马祠 MC	7.1	27.1	1.3	8.9	52.8
应城潘马 PM	5.1	18.7	0.9	4.3	64.0
应城方集 FJ	5.2	12.1	0.5	3.6	46.8
蕲春魏河 WH	6.1	30.9	1.5	4.6	9.2
蕲春张铺 ZP	5.7	29.3	1.5	5.0	48.4
蕲春龚大围 GDW	5.3	36.2	1.8	4.2	70.4
洪湖万岭 WL	6.5	21.3	1.0	4.4	52.4

试验点 Experimental site	pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic matter /(g·kg⁻¹)	全氮 Total nitrogen /(g·kg⁻¹)	速效磷 Available phosphorus /(mg·kg⁻¹)	速效钾 Available potassium /(mg·kg⁻¹)
钟祥银钱 YQ	6.3	27.3	1.4	15.8	151.2
钟祥双桥 SQ	6.3	22.9	1.0	4.3	51.2
钟祥马祠 MC	7.1	27.1	1.3	8.9	52.8
应城潘马 PM	5.1	18.7	0.9	4.3	64.0
应城方集 FJ	5.2	12.1	0.5	3.6	46.8
蕲春魏河 WH	6.1	30.9	1.5	4.6	9.2
蕲春张铺 ZP	5.7	29.3	1.5	5.0	48.4
蕲春龚大围 GDW	5.3	36.2	1.8	4.2	70.4
洪湖万岭 WL	6.5	21.3	1.0	4.4	52.4

试验点 Experimental site	基肥 Basal fertilizer	追肥 Topdressing	促苗肥 Tillering fertilizer	促芽肥 Booting fertilizer
钟祥银钱 YQ	26-10-12	-	15-15-15	15-15-15
钟祥双桥 SQ	25-5-5	-	25-5-5	25-5-5
钟祥马祠 MC	26-10-12	-	15-15-15	15-15-15
应城潘马 PM	20-9-6	-	-	-
应城方集 FJ	17-6-8	-	-	-
蕲春魏河 WH	15-15-15	15-15-15	-	-
蕲春张铺 ZP	15-7-8	15-15-15	-	-
蕲春龚大围 GDW	15-15-15	-	-	-
洪湖万岭 WL	24-6-10	-	-	-

试验点 Experimental site	基肥 Basal fertilizer	追肥 Topdressing	促苗肥 Tillering fertilizer	促芽肥 Booting fertilizer
钟祥银钱 YQ	26-10-12	-	15-15-15	15-15-15
钟祥双桥 SQ	25-5-5	-	25-5-5	25-5-5
钟祥马祠 MC	26-10-12	-	15-15-15	15-15-15
应城潘马 PM	20-9-6	-	-	-
应城方集 FJ	17-6-8	-	-	-
蕲春魏河 WH	15-15-15	15-15-15	-	-
蕲春张铺 ZP	15-7-8	15-15-15	-	-
蕲春龚大围 GDW	15-15-15	-	-	-
洪湖万岭 WL	24-6-10	-	-	-

养分配比 Nutrient ratio	试验点Test sites
养分配比 Nutrient ratio	钟祥银钱 YQ	钟祥双桥 SQ	钟祥马祠 MC	应城潘马 PM	应城方集 FJ	蕲春魏河 WH	蕲春张铺 ZP	蕲春龚大围 GDW	洪湖万岭 WL
基肥Basal fertilizer
N	156.0+0.0	150.0+0.0	175.5+0.0	222.0+0.0	128.0+0.0	90.0+0.0	90.0+0.0	90.0+0.0	223.5+0.0
P₂O₅	60	30	67.5	85	37.5	90	42	90	60
K₂O	72	30	81	64	60	90	48	90	96
分蘖肥Tillering fertilizer
N	17.5	22.5	17.5	17.5	17.5	-	52	34.5	17.5
追肥Top dressing
N	0.0+17.5	0.0+22.5	0.0+17.5	0.0+17.5	0.0+17.5	34.0+0.0	13.0+0.0	0.0+34.5	0.0+17.5
P₂O₅	-	-	-	-	-	34	13	-	-
K₂O	-	-	-	-	-	34	13	-	-
促苗肥Tillering fertilizer
N	17.0+26.0	47.0+0.0	17.0+26.0	0.0+5.0	0.0+5.0	0.0+52.0	0.0+17.5	0.0+69.0	0.0+46.0
P₂O₅	17	9.5	17	-	-	-	-	-	-
K₂O	17	9.5	17	-	-	-	-	-	-
促芽肥Booting fertilizer
N	17.0+26.0	47.0+0.0	17.0+26.0	0.0+5.0	0.0+5.0	0.0+52.0	0.0+17.5	0.0+69.0	0.0+46.0
P₂O₅	17	9.5	17	-	-	-	-	-	-
K₂O	17	9.5	17	-	-	-	-	-	-
总养分量Total amount of nutrients
N	277	289	296.5	267	173	228	190	297	350.5
P₂O₅	94	49	101.5	85	37.5	124	55	90	60
K₂O	106	49	115	64	60	124	61	90	96

“水稻-再生稻”种植模式专用肥轻简施用对产量、肥料利用率及经济效益的影响

Effects of Simplified Application of Dedicated Fertilizer on Yield, Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit in Rice-ratoon Rice System

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Metrics

试验点 Experimental site	处理 Treatment	头季稻 Main rice					再生稻 Ratoon rice
试验点 Experimental site	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield /(kg·hm⁻²)	有效穗数 Effective panicles per m²	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield /(kg·hm⁻²)	有效穗数 Effective panicles per m²	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g
钟祥银钱 YQ	T1	5729	159	170	82.4	26.3	1618	98	102	76.6	25.3
	T2	7536	188	193	83.5	26.0	3291	132	140	73.8	26.0
	T3	8734	193	212	83.6	26.5	3997	165	149	72.2	25.7
钟祥双桥 SQ	T1	4623	147	155	80.5	25.9	1634	108	103	70.5	25.2
	T2	6038	178	177	81.6	26.7	3315	142	134	68.6	25.9
	T3	7569	194	195	82.3	26.3	3564	168	151	66.7	25.3
钟祥马祠 MC	T1	5058	161	156	81.1	26.0	2035	108	111	70.3	25.4
	T2	8158	199	187	83.4	26.4	3441	138	151	70.3	24.9
	T3	9380	208	203	82.5	27.1	3840	159	162	71.8	25.6
应城潘马 PM	T1	7821	196	185	83.9	25.9	1491	134	76	76.0	21.4
	T2	9153	209	208	84.7	25.2	2742	163	124	65.2	21.0
	T3	11005	229	233	86.7	25.7	3452	191	132	63.4	21.8
应城方集 FJ	T1	5097	156	168	83.0	24.6	1541	138	100	72.9	23.8
	T2	7574	189	193	85.1	24.8	3171	166	136	71.8	23.7
	T3	8862	198	201	90.3	25.0	3883	183	153	70.2	22.6
蕲春魏河 WH	T1	4029	166	133	80.0	26.5	1718	92	103	85.2	23.6
	T2	7019	206	181	71.5	26.4	3891	127	159	89.1	23.4
	T3	8334	218	206	75.9	26.3	3797	153	168	80.3	22.3
蕲春张铺 ZP	T1	3523	138	157	82.6	24.5	2364	119	101	88.7	22.8
	T2	6338	188	196	79.5	24.5	3740	138	149	80.5	23.7
	T3	8069	204	224	80.1	24.1	4049	161	159	84.7	22.8
蕲春龚大围 GDW	T1	5258	168	171	82.9	24.9	1718	124	93	81.4	22.6
	T2	9358	230	211	84.2	24.4	3891	176	169	66.2	21.3
	T3	9180	222	207	82.6	25.8	3797	162	158	75.8	21.8
洪湖万岭 WL	T1	5641	170	144	94.1	26.2	2364	133	111	75.7	23.8
	T2	11790	262	205	90.7	25.3	3740	175	142	75.8	22.9
	T3	10884	258	193	87.7	26.5	4049	181	154	70.5	23.1
T1	平均Mean	5126±1291 c	160±17 b	161±15 c	81.9±1.3 a	25.7±0.7 a	1772±292 c	114±16 c	99±10 b	77.2±6.6 a	23.9±1.4 a
T2	平均Mean	7402±987 b	194±10 a	191±10 b	81.3±4.4 a	25.7±0.8 a	3370±350 b	144±14 b	142±11 a	74.2±7.5 a	24.1±1.6 a
T3	平均Mean	8850±1032 a	206±12 a	211±13 a	83.1±4.3 a	25.9±0.9 a	3797±202 a	169±13 a	153±11 a	72.8±6.9 a	23.7±1.6 a

季别 Growing season			处理 Treatment	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD	最小值 Minimum	1/4位点 Q₁	中位数 Median	3/4位点 Q₃	最大值 Maximum
头季稻 Main rice	稻草 Straw	N	T1	0.51	0.18	0.35	0.41	0.42	0.57	0.90
			T2	0.63	0.21	0.37	0.49	0.56	0.80	1.00
			T3	0.57	0.18	0.37	0.44	0.50	0.77	0.81
		P	T1	0.09	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.11	0.12	0.16
			T2	0.09	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.12	0.17
			T3	0.08	0.03	0.03	0.06	0.08	0.09	0.13
		K	T1	2.93	0.64	2.28	2.41	2.71	3.31	4.03
			T2	2.99	0.62	2.28	2.42	2.97	3.35	4.04
			T3	3.12	0.84	1.77	2.55	3.02	3.69	4.56
	籽粒 Grain	N	T1	0.90	0.10	0.80	0.82	0.88	0.95	1.07
			T2	1.01	0.10	0.82	0.94	1.01	1.05	1.19
			T3	1.04	0.16	0.83	0.93	1.02	1.13	1.35
		P	T1	0.26	0.05	0.19	0.23	0.24	0.28	0.34
			T2	0.26	0.03	0.22	0.23	0.26	0.27	0.32
			T3	0.26	0.01	0.24	0.25	0.26	0.27	0.28
		K	T1	0.40	0.11	0.29	0.33	0.39	0.42	0.67
			T2	0.36	0.04	0.29	0.32	0.36	0.39	0.42
			T3	0.35	0.03	0.30	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.41
再生稻 Ratoon rice	稻草 Straw	N	T1	0.45	0.16	0.29	0.35	0.38	0.46	0.79
			T2	0.57	0.18	0.42	0.45	0.50	0.64	0.94
			T3	0.60	0.30	0.33	0.39	0.49	0.78	1.17
		P	T1	0.09	0.04	0.03	0.06	0.08	0.11	0.15
			T2	0.08	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.10	0.12
			T3	0.10	0.05	0.03	0.06	0.08	0.13	0.18
		K	T1	1.88	0.41	1.41	1.49	1.85	2.25	2.48
			T2	1.93	0.61	1.09	1.50	1.88	2.18	3.13
			T3	2.08	0.56	1.50	1.68	1.90	2.23	3.15
	籽粒 Grain	N	T1	0.96	0.17	0.73	0.90	0.91	1.03	1.32
			T2	1.02	0.20	0.75	0.89	1.01	1.23	1.29
			T3	1.04	0.14	0.81	0.92	1.02	1.18	1.22
		P	T1	0.21	0.04	0.15	0.17	0.22	0.25	0.26
			T2	0.22	0.04	0.16	0.20	0.22	0.26	0.26
			T3	0.22	0.05	0.12	0.19	0.22	0.26	0.29
		K	T1	0.35	0.06	0.26	0.30	0.33	0.39	0.47
			T2	0.35	0.04	0.28	0.32	0.35	0.36	0.42
			T3	0.34	0.06	0.25	0.30	0.35	0.38	0.43

试验点 Experimental site	处理 Treatment	氮肥偏生产力 PFPN/(kg·kg⁻¹)	氮肥农学利用率 AEN/(kg·kg⁻¹)	氮肥回收利用率 REN/%
钟祥银钱 YQ	T1	-	-	-
	T2	39.09	12.56	22.75
	T3	46.38	19.61	31.71
钟祥双桥 SQ	T1	-	-	-
	T2	32.36	10.71	26.54
	T3	40.56	17.76	25.20
钟祥马祠 MC	T1	-	-	-
	T2	39.12	15.20	18.05
	T3	48.16	22.32	43.98
应城潘马 PM	T1	-	-	-
	T2	44.55	9.67	45.94
	T3	52.67	18.74	26.40
应城方集村 FJ	T1	-	-	-
	T2	62.11	23.74	21.38
	T3	46.43	22.25	14.37
蕲春魏河 WH	T1	-	-	-
	T2	47.85	22.64	32.74
	T3	44.19	23.26	44.04
蕲春张铺 ZP	T1	-	-	-
	T2	53.04	22.06	23.77
	T3	44.15	22.70	21.55
蕲春龚大围 GDW	T1	-	-	-
	T2	44.61	21.12	26.00
	T3	47.27	21.86	31.76
洪湖万岭 WL	T1	-	-	-
	T2	44.31	21.47	35.65
	T3	54.40	25.24	44.59

试验点 Experimental site	处理 Treatment	产值 Output /(×10³Yuan·hm⁻²)	施肥增加产值 Increased production value /(×10³Yuan·hm⁻²)	增加肥料投入 Increased fertilizer input /(×10³Yuan·hm⁻²)	人工投入 Manual input /(×10³Yuan·hm⁻²)	纯收入 Net income /(×10³Yuan·hm⁻²)
钟祥银钱 YQ	T1	32.22	0	0	0	32.22
	T2	54.01	21.79	2.99	1.75	49.27
	T3	64.43	32.20	3.30	0.70	60.43
钟祥双桥 SQ	T1	29.28	0	0	0	29.28
	T2	50.06	20.77	2.62	1.75	45.69
	T3	56.83	27.55	3.30	0.70	52.83
钟祥马祠 MC	T1	34.51	0	0	0	34.51
	T2	57.25	22.74	2.99	1.75	52.51
	T3	64.66	30.15	3.30	0.70	60.66
应城潘马 PM	T1	36.81	0	0	0	36.81
	T2	53.05	16.24	2.48	1.75	48.82
	T3	65.33	28.53	3.30	0.70	61.33
应城方集村 FJ	T1	29.68	0	0	0	29.68
	T2	52.92	23.24	1.77	1.75	49.4
	T3	63.64	33.96	3.30	0.70	59.64
蕲春魏河 WH	T1	28.46	0	0	0	28.46
	T2	58.56	30.10	2.68	1.40	54.48
	T3	61.31	32.84	3.30	0.70	57.31
蕲春张铺 ZP	T1	33.50	0	0	0	33.50
	T2	55.15	21.64	1.80	1.75	51.60
	T3	63.08	29.58	3.30	0.70	59.08
蕲春龚大围 GDW	T1	31.90	0	0	0	31.90
	T2	65.11	33.21	2.52	1.75	60.84
	T3	63.67	31.77	3.30	0.70	59.67
洪湖万岭 WL	T1	39.43	0	0	0	39.43
	T2	70.41	30.98	2.95	1.75	65.71
	T3	70.97	31.53	3.30	0.70	66.97

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