干湿交替灌溉下施氮模式对水稻光合产物和氮转运的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210507

中国水稻科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 295-307.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210507

干湿交替灌溉下施氮模式对水稻光合产物和氮转运的影响

吴龙龙¹, 虞轶俊²^,^*(), 田仓¹^,³, 张露¹, 黄晶¹, 朱练峰¹, 朱春权¹, 孔亚丽¹, 张均华¹, 曹小闯¹^,^*(), 金千瑜¹

¹中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室，杭州 311401
²浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站，杭州 310020
³长江大学农学院/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程中心，湖北荆州 434025

收稿日期:2021-05-27 修回日期:2021-10-13 出版日期:2022-05-10 发布日期:2022-05-11
通讯作者: 虞轶俊,曹小闯
基金资助:
浙江省重点研发计划资助项目(2021C02035);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31771733);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFD0300106);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0200800)

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Regimes on Translocation of Rice Photosynthetic Products and Nitrogen Under Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation

WU Longlong¹, YU Yijun²^,^*(), TIAN Cang¹^,³, ZHANG Lu¹, HUANG Jing¹, ZHU Lianfeng¹, ZHU Chunquan¹, KONG Yali¹, ZHANG Junhua¹, CAO Xiaochuang¹^,^*(), JIN Qianyu¹

¹China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 311401, China
²Zhejiang Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station, Hangzhou 310020, China
³Engineering Center of Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China

Received:2021-05-27 Revised:2021-10-13 Online:2022-05-10 Published:2022-05-11
Contact: YU Yijun, CAO Xiaochuang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】采用大田小区试验，研究不同灌溉模式下氮肥施用模式对水稻产量、光合生理特性、非结构性碳水化合物和氮素利用效率的影响，以期为当地稻田灌溉和施氮模式优化管理提供理论依据。【方法】以中浙优1号为供试材料，设常规淹灌和干湿交替2种灌溉模式，以及不施氮(N₀)、常规施氮(PUN₁₀₀)、减氮20%(PUN₈₀)、缓控释复合肥减氮20%+生物炭(CRFN₈₀-BC)和稳定性复合肥减氮20%+生物炭(SFN₈₀-BC) 5种施氮模式。【结果】不同灌溉和施氮模式显著影响水稻产量和氮素利用率，且二者存在显著交互作用。与常规淹灌相比，干湿交替灌溉下CRFN₈₀-BC和SFN₈₀-BC处理显著提高了水稻齐穗期净光合速率，增加了叶面积，促进了叶片非结构性碳水化合物累积及其向籽粒的转移，进而提高了水稻有效穗数和每穗粒数，其2年平均产量分别为9656.5 kg/hm²和10033 kg/hm²，较PUN₁₀₀处理分别提高了6.8%和10.4%。同时，干湿交替灌溉提高了CRFN₈₀-BC和SFN₈₀-BC处理下齐穗至灌浆期水稻茎鞘和叶片氮转运量和氮转运贡献率，进而显著提高水稻氮利用效率。与PUN₈₀处理相比，干湿交替灌溉下CRFN₈₀-BC和SFN₈₀-BC处理氮肥回收效率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力分别显著提高37.8%和58.4%、56.6%和71.1%、15.2%和19.3%。【结论】干湿交替灌溉模式下稳定性复合肥或缓控释复合肥减氮20%(144 kg/hm²)配施生物炭处理显著提高了水稻营养生长期叶片光合速率，促进了非结构性碳水化合物和氮素累积和转运，二者协同提高水稻产量和氮利用效率，可作为适宜当地水稻绿色高效栽培的最佳水氮管理模式。

关键词: 干湿交替, 缓控释/稳定性复合肥, 光合作用, 氮转运, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】Field plot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen application regimes on yield, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, non-structural carbohydrate and nitrogen use efficiency of rice, so as to lay a theoretical basis for scientific and reasonable irrigation and nitrogen management in local paddy fields. 【Method】With Zhongzheyou 1 as material, a field experiment was carried out under two irrigation regimes of flooding irrigation (FI) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD), as well as five nitrogen application regimes of zero nitrogen (N₀), conventional nitrogen application (PUN₁₀₀), 20% nitrogen reduction (PUN₈₀), 20% nitrogen reduction of slow-release compound fertilizer with biochar (CRFN₈₀-BC) and 20% nitrogen reduction of stable compound fertilizer with biochar (SFN₈₀-BC). 【Result】Different irrigation and nitrogen application regimes significantly affected the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and the two factors showed significant interaction. Compared with FI, CRFN₈₀-BC and SFN₈₀-BC treatments significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate and leaf area index of rice at full heading stage, leaf non-structural carbohydrate accumulation and its transfer to grains under AWD, and finally increased the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle of rice. Compared with PUN₁₀₀, the yield increased by 6.8% and 10.4%, and the average yield in two years was 9656.5 kg/hm² and 10033 kg/hm², respectively. AWD also increased the amount of N translocation and the contribution rate of N translocation of stem and leaves from heading to filling stages under CRFN₈₀-BC and SFN₈₀-BC treatments, and then significantly increased rice nitrogen use efficiencies. Compared with PUN₈₀, CRFN₈₀-BC and SFN₈₀-BC under AWD significantly increased N recovery efficiency, N agronomic efficiency and N partial productivity, by 37.8% and 58.4%, 56.6% and 71.1%, 15.2% and 19.3%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Under AWD regimes, 20% (144 kg/hm²) N reduction of the stable compound fertilizer or slow-release compound fertilizer combined with biochar treatment significantly promote the leaf photosynthetic rate, non-structural carbohydrate and nitrogen accumulation at the vegetative growth period of rice, as well as their transportation to panicles at the reproductive growth period, which jointly improve rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. It can serve as the suitable water and nitrogen management regimes for the green and efficient rice cultivation at the local area.

Key words: alternate wetting and drying, slow-release compound fertilizer or stable compound fertilizer, photosynthesis, nitrogen translocation, yield

吴龙龙, 虞轶俊, 田仓, 张露, 黄晶, 朱练峰, 朱春权, 孔亚丽, 张均华, 曹小闯, 金千瑜. 干湿交替灌溉下施氮模式对水稻光合产物和氮转运的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(3): 295-307.

WU Longlong, YU Yijun, TIAN Cang, ZHANG Lu, HUANG Jing, ZHU Lianfeng, ZHU Chunquan, KONG Yali, ZHANG Junhua, CAO Xiaochuang, JIN Qianyu. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Regimes on Translocation of Rice Photosynthetic Products and Nitrogen Under Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(3): 295-307.

图/表 9

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment		有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate /%	产量 Grain yield /(kg·hm^-2)
年份 Year	氮肥模式^aNitrogen^a	灌溉模式Irrigation	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate /%	产量 Grain yield /(kg·hm^-2)
2019	N₀	FI	230.0±3.5 f	24.4±0.1 ab	130.0±1.8 d	87.0±0.4 b	6554±151 h
	N₀	AWD	207.2±3.8 g	24.2±0.1 bc	147.6±1.3 c	91.6±0.4 a	7119±38 g
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	308.9±7.5 b	24.1±0.2 cd	146.6±1.6 c	78.9±0.7 d	8061±226 e
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	312.6±3.8 ab	23.6±0.1 e	155.7±2.7 b	83.0±0.4 c	8927±188 c
	PUN₈₀	FI	259.9±3.8 e	24.3±0.2 abc	155.8±2.2 b	79.7±0.5 d	7684±75 g
	PUN₈₀	AWD	275.0±3.8 d	24.4±0.2 ab	163.5±2.5 a	82.8±0.3 c	8136±226 e
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	297.7±3.7 c	24.3±0.2 abc	157.2±1.2 b	76.0±0.6 e	8475±188 d
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	320.2±3.8 a	23.9±0.1 d	163.3±1.8 a	82.4±0.8 c	9492±151 b
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	312.6±3.8 ab	24.5±0.2 a	156.9±1.2 b	76.2±0.8 e	8739±75 cd
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	320.2±3.8 a	24.1±0.1 cd	165.0±2.0 a	82.4±0.7 c	9907±188 a
2020	N₀	FI	193.8±3.0 f	24.5±0.1 ab	125.2±1.0 e	84.9±0.2 b	5808±142 i
	N₀	AWD	175.8±2.3 g	24.2±0.1 bc	143.5±2.7 d	89.5±0.2 a	6239±88 h
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	314.8±7.7 b	24.1±0.1 cd	158.5±1.8 c	74.1±0.4 d	8289±92 f
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	321.7±0.8 ab	23.7±0.1 e	167.6±3.9 b	78.0±0.2 c	9199±194 c
	PUN₈₀	FI	264.9±3.8 e	24.3±0.1 abc	169.2±0.9 b	74.8±0.2 d	7886±31 g
	PUN₈₀	AWD	280.2±3.8 d	24.4±0.1 ab	170.7±1.8 b	77.8±0.2 c	8523±134 ef
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	303.4±3.7 c	24.3±0.1 abc	171.6±0.8 b	71.4±0.3 e	8739±284 de
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	326.3±3.8 a	23.9±0.1 d	178.2±1.1 a	77.4±0.4 c	9821±252 b
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	315.6±3.8 b	24.5±0.1 a	171.2±0.7 b	71.5±0.4 e	8900±147 cd
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	326.3±3.8 a	24.1±0.1 cd	180.1±1.3 a	77.4±0.4 c	10159±243 a
F值 F value	年份Year(Y)		3.9	0.0	19.0	939.3^**	0.9
	氮肥模式Nitrogen(N)		1734.5^**	25.8^**	298.0^**	921.5^**	575.2^**
	灌溉模式Irrigation(W)		36^**	66.0^**	184.0^**	1146.6^**	366.1^**
	Y×N		56.1^**	0.0	27.1^**	15.3^**	23.6
	Y×W		1.3	0.0	0.4	0.8	0.5
	N×W		46.1^**	7.6^**	11.4^**	18.8^**	10.1^**
	Y×N×W		0.2	0.0	1.0	0.03	0.4

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate /%	产量 Grain yield /(kg·hm^-2)
年份 Year	氮肥模式^aNitrogen^a	灌溉模式Irrigation	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate /%	产量 Grain yield /(kg·hm^-2)
2019	N₀	FI	230.0±3.5 f	24.4±0.1 ab	130.0±1.8 d	87.0±0.4 b	6554±151 h
	N₀	AWD	207.2±3.8 g	24.2±0.1 bc	147.6±1.3 c	91.6±0.4 a	7119±38 g
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	308.9±7.5 b	24.1±0.2 cd	146.6±1.6 c	78.9±0.7 d	8061±226 e
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	312.6±3.8 ab	23.6±0.1 e	155.7±2.7 b	83.0±0.4 c	8927±188 c
	PUN₈₀	FI	259.9±3.8 e	24.3±0.2 abc	155.8±2.2 b	79.7±0.5 d	7684±75 g
	PUN₈₀	AWD	275.0±3.8 d	24.4±0.2 ab	163.5±2.5 a	82.8±0.3 c	8136±226 e
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	297.7±3.7 c	24.3±0.2 abc	157.2±1.2 b	76.0±0.6 e	8475±188 d
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	320.2±3.8 a	23.9±0.1 d	163.3±1.8 a	82.4±0.8 c	9492±151 b
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	312.6±3.8 ab	24.5±0.2 a	156.9±1.2 b	76.2±0.8 e	8739±75 cd
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	320.2±3.8 a	24.1±0.1 cd	165.0±2.0 a	82.4±0.7 c	9907±188 a
2020	N₀	FI	193.8±3.0 f	24.5±0.1 ab	125.2±1.0 e	84.9±0.2 b	5808±142 i
	N₀	AWD	175.8±2.3 g	24.2±0.1 bc	143.5±2.7 d	89.5±0.2 a	6239±88 h
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	314.8±7.7 b	24.1±0.1 cd	158.5±1.8 c	74.1±0.4 d	8289±92 f
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	321.7±0.8 ab	23.7±0.1 e	167.6±3.9 b	78.0±0.2 c	9199±194 c
	PUN₈₀	FI	264.9±3.8 e	24.3±0.1 abc	169.2±0.9 b	74.8±0.2 d	7886±31 g
	PUN₈₀	AWD	280.2±3.8 d	24.4±0.1 ab	170.7±1.8 b	77.8±0.2 c	8523±134 ef
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	303.4±3.7 c	24.3±0.1 abc	171.6±0.8 b	71.4±0.3 e	8739±284 de
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	326.3±3.8 a	23.9±0.1 d	178.2±1.1 a	77.4±0.4 c	9821±252 b
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	315.6±3.8 b	24.5±0.1 a	171.2±0.7 b	71.5±0.4 e	8900±147 cd
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	326.3±3.8 a	24.1±0.1 cd	180.1±1.3 a	77.4±0.4 c	10159±243 a
F值 F value	年份Year(Y)		3.9	0.0	19.0	939.3^**	0.9
	氮肥模式Nitrogen(N)		1734.5^**	25.8^**	298.0^**	921.5^**	575.2^**
	灌溉模式Irrigation(W)		36^**	66.0^**	184.0^**	1146.6^**	366.1^**
	Y×N		56.1^**	0.0	27.1^**	15.3^**	23.6
	Y×W		1.3	0.0	0.4	0.8	0.5
	N×W		46.1^**	7.6^**	11.4^**	18.8^**	10.1^**
	Y×N×W		0.2	0.0	1.0	0.03	0.4

时期 Stage	处理 Treatment		净光合速率Photosynthetic rate /(μmol·m^-2s^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance /(mol·m^-2s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration /(μmol·mol^-1)	蒸腾速率Transpiration rate /(mmol·m^-2s^-1)	叶绿素含量Chlorophyll contents /(mg·g^-1)	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	光合积累量 Photosynthate accumulation /(μmol·s^-1)
时期 Stage	氮肥模式 Nitrogen	灌溉模式Irrigation	净光合速率Photosynthetic rate /(μmol·m^-2s^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance /(mol·m^-2s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration /(μmol·mol^-1)	蒸腾速率Transpiration rate /(mmol·m^-2s^-1)	叶绿素含量Chlorophyll contents /(mg·g^-1)	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	光合积累量 Photosynthate accumulation /(μmol·s^-1)
分蘖期 Tillering	N₀	FI	14.7±1.5 c	0.42±0.05 ab	324.6±21.9 a	7.20±0.46 b	1.80±0.02 d	1.23±0.07 c	1.59±0.16 d
	N₀	AWD	14.5±1.7 c	0.37±0.02 b	309.5±19.3 a	6.94±0.84 b	1.88±0.02 de	1.43±0.14 c	1.84±0.40 d
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	19.2±1.0 ab	0.41±0.02 ab	271.8±7.4 ab	10.40±0.07 a	2.19±0.02 ab	2.97±0.43 b	5.00±0.23 c
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	19.7±0.2 a	0.48±0.08 ab	280.2±12.1 ab	9.91±0.57 a	2.22±0.01 a	2.75±0.15 b	4.80±0.26 c
	PUN₈₀	FI	18.8±0.5 ab	0.44±0.03 ab	233.2±39.4 b	10.04±0.11 a	2.19±0.06 ab	2.91±0.09 b	4.83±0.08 c
	PUN₈₀	AWD	19.6±0.2 ab	0.45±0.06 ab	277.9±8.1 ab	9.69±0.35 a	2.04±0.17 bc	3.34±0.29 ab	5.79±0.37 ab
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	17.7±0.1 ab	0.45±0.04 ab	287.5±6.5 ab	10.03±0.18 a	2.02±0.07 cd	3.33±0.30 ab	5.23±0.34 bc
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	16.8±0.8 bc	0.44±0.05 ab	305.3±15.8 ab	9.42±0.18 a	2.18±0.04 ab	3.25±0.02 ab	4.84±0.48 c
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	18.8±0.5 ab	0.54±0.06 a	272.7±8.5 a	9.89±0.29 a	2.01±0.03 cd	3.60±0.30 ab	6.01±0.62 a
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	18.4±0.6 ab	0.47±0.04 ab	309.2±9.7 a	9.35±0.41 a	1.95±0.05 cde	3.99±0.04 a	6.45±0.21 a
齐穗期 Heading	N₀	FI	16.3±1.3 g	0.41±0.48 b	329.8±22.3 a	7.30±0.81 b	1.78±0.10 bc	1.58 ±0.03 f	2.27±0.22 f
	N₀	AWD	18.3±0.9 fg	0.41±0.22 b	314.4±18.5 a	7.05±0.58 b	1.66±0.05 c	1.96±0.02 e	3.18±0.33 f
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	19.3±0.6 ef	0.40±0.19 b	276.2±7.5 ab	10.65±0.73 a	1.99±0.13 ab	3.85±0.01 c	6.58±0.30 d
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	23.3±0.5 abc	0.47±0.73 ab	284.7±12.3 ab	9.83±0.36 a	2.08±0.12 a	4.13±0.02 c	8.52±0.68 c
	PUN₈₀	FI	20.6±0.7 def	0.43±0.31 b	236.9±40.1 b	10.64±0.11 a	2.11±0.04 a	4.58±0.19 b	8.37±0.60 c
	PUN₈₀	AWD	21.8±0.6 bcd	0.44±0.54 ab	282.3±8.3 ab	9.63±0.54 a	1.91±0.03 ab	4.19±0.23 c	8.09±0.39 c
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	19.5±0.6 def	0.44±0.42 ab	292.1±6.6 ab	10.64±0.19 a	1.96±0.14 ab	3.09±0.31 d	5.34±0.58 e
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	23.6±0.9 ab	0.60±0.61 a	310.2±16.1 a	9.32±0.60 a	1.99±0.13 ab	5.62±0.24 a	11.73±0.48 b
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	21.0±0.2 cde	0.44±0.55 ab	277.1±8.7 ab	10.49±0.30 a	2.03±0.03 a	4.71±0.13 b	8.76±0.31 c
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	24.7±0.8 a	0.54±0.67 ab	314.1±9.9 a	9.58±0.45 a	2.00±0.05 a	5.91±0.10 a	12.89±0.38 a

时期 Stage	处理 Treatment		净光合速率Photosynthetic rate /(μmol·m^-2s^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance /(mol·m^-2s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration /(μmol·mol^-1)	蒸腾速率Transpiration rate /(mmol·m^-2s^-1)	叶绿素含量Chlorophyll contents /(mg·g^-1)	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	光合积累量 Photosynthate accumulation /(μmol·s^-1)
时期 Stage	氮肥模式 Nitrogen	灌溉模式Irrigation	净光合速率Photosynthetic rate /(μmol·m^-2s^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance /(mol·m^-2s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration /(μmol·mol^-1)	蒸腾速率Transpiration rate /(mmol·m^-2s^-1)	叶绿素含量Chlorophyll contents /(mg·g^-1)	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	光合积累量 Photosynthate accumulation /(μmol·s^-1)
分蘖期 Tillering	N₀	FI	14.7±1.5 c	0.42±0.05 ab	324.6±21.9 a	7.20±0.46 b	1.80±0.02 d	1.23±0.07 c	1.59±0.16 d
	N₀	AWD	14.5±1.7 c	0.37±0.02 b	309.5±19.3 a	6.94±0.84 b	1.88±0.02 de	1.43±0.14 c	1.84±0.40 d
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	19.2±1.0 ab	0.41±0.02 ab	271.8±7.4 ab	10.40±0.07 a	2.19±0.02 ab	2.97±0.43 b	5.00±0.23 c
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	19.7±0.2 a	0.48±0.08 ab	280.2±12.1 ab	9.91±0.57 a	2.22±0.01 a	2.75±0.15 b	4.80±0.26 c
	PUN₈₀	FI	18.8±0.5 ab	0.44±0.03 ab	233.2±39.4 b	10.04±0.11 a	2.19±0.06 ab	2.91±0.09 b	4.83±0.08 c
	PUN₈₀	AWD	19.6±0.2 ab	0.45±0.06 ab	277.9±8.1 ab	9.69±0.35 a	2.04±0.17 bc	3.34±0.29 ab	5.79±0.37 ab
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	17.7±0.1 ab	0.45±0.04 ab	287.5±6.5 ab	10.03±0.18 a	2.02±0.07 cd	3.33±0.30 ab	5.23±0.34 bc
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	16.8±0.8 bc	0.44±0.05 ab	305.3±15.8 ab	9.42±0.18 a	2.18±0.04 ab	3.25±0.02 ab	4.84±0.48 c
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	18.8±0.5 ab	0.54±0.06 a	272.7±8.5 a	9.89±0.29 a	2.01±0.03 cd	3.60±0.30 ab	6.01±0.62 a
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	18.4±0.6 ab	0.47±0.04 ab	309.2±9.7 a	9.35±0.41 a	1.95±0.05 cde	3.99±0.04 a	6.45±0.21 a
齐穗期 Heading	N₀	FI	16.3±1.3 g	0.41±0.48 b	329.8±22.3 a	7.30±0.81 b	1.78±0.10 bc	1.58 ±0.03 f	2.27±0.22 f
	N₀	AWD	18.3±0.9 fg	0.41±0.22 b	314.4±18.5 a	7.05±0.58 b	1.66±0.05 c	1.96±0.02 e	3.18±0.33 f
	PUN₁₀₀	FI	19.3±0.6 ef	0.40±0.19 b	276.2±7.5 ab	10.65±0.73 a	1.99±0.13 ab	3.85±0.01 c	6.58±0.30 d
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	23.3±0.5 abc	0.47±0.73 ab	284.7±12.3 ab	9.83±0.36 a	2.08±0.12 a	4.13±0.02 c	8.52±0.68 c
	PUN₈₀	FI	20.6±0.7 def	0.43±0.31 b	236.9±40.1 b	10.64±0.11 a	2.11±0.04 a	4.58±0.19 b	8.37±0.60 c
	PUN₈₀	AWD	21.8±0.6 bcd	0.44±0.54 ab	282.3±8.3 ab	9.63±0.54 a	1.91±0.03 ab	4.19±0.23 c	8.09±0.39 c
	CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	19.5±0.6 def	0.44±0.42 ab	292.1±6.6 ab	10.64±0.19 a	1.96±0.14 ab	3.09±0.31 d	5.34±0.58 e
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	23.6±0.9 ab	0.60±0.61 a	310.2±16.1 a	9.32±0.60 a	1.99±0.13 ab	5.62±0.24 a	11.73±0.48 b
	SFN₈₀-BC	FI	21.0±0.2 cde	0.44±0.55 ab	277.1±8.7 ab	10.49±0.30 a	2.03±0.03 a	4.71±0.13 b	8.76±0.31 c
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	24.7±0.8 a	0.54±0.67 ab	314.1±9.9 a	9.58±0.45 a	2.00±0.05 a	5.91±0.10 a	12.89±0.38 a

时期 Stage	处理 Treatment		干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation/(kg·hm^-2)			收获指数 Harvest index
时期 Stage	氮肥模式 Nitrogen	灌溉模式Irrigation	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle	收获指数 Harvest index
分蘖期Tillering	N₀	CF	1134.9±71.1 f	737.4±46.2 f
	N₀	AWD	1639.5±158.1 e	1162.5±112.1 e
	PUN₁₀₀	CF	3259.8±469.5 cd	2050.0±295.3 cd
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	3849.0±210.3 ab	2390.4±130.6 bc
	PUN₈₀	CF	3325.4±103.2 cd	2053.3±63.7 cd
	PUN₈₀	AWD	3087.4±264.2 d	1927.6±165.0 d
	CRFN₈₀-BC	CF	3435.4±223.4 bcd	2180.0±195.4 cd
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	4110.8±301.7 a	3273.6±240.2 a
	SFN₈₀-BC	CF	3567.1±93.3 bc	2534.9±208.7 b
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	4154.0±213.5 a	3385.6±289.5 a
齐穗期Heading	N₀	CF	3990.4±53.2 e	1188.1±57.6 f	967.9±48.6 e
	N₀	AWD	4017.9±.253.0 e	1363.8±81.9 f	1109.1±48.6 de
	PUN₁₀₀	CF	6226.9±186.6 bc	2913.3±102.2 d	1830.2±122.5 b
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	5286.0±91.5 d	2766.5±102.2 de	1992.3±248.5 b
	PUN₈₀	CF	5755.6±246.4 cd	2627.0±176.2 e	1441.1±32.8 c
	PUN₈₀	AWD	5740.0±624.5 cd	2544.6±109.6 e	1473.3±55.9 c
	CRFN₈₀-BC	CF	5096.4±860.2 d	2688.6±241.1 de	1198.3±71.2 d
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	6178.5±322.4 bc	3479.2±109.0 b	1975.3±106.2 b
	SFN₈₀-BC	CF	6803.0±561.7 ab	3250.4±103.9 c	1933.6±79.1 b
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	7486.1±737.5 a	4045.0±80.8 a	2201.2±110.7 a
成熟期Maturity	N₀	CF	9403.8±314.7 e	4577.2±382.0 f	14896.1±329.5 e	0.52±0.0 cde
	N₀	AWD	7658.2±78.2 f	3390.8±87.4 g	14781.6±236.5 e	0.57±0.0 a
	PUN₁₀₀	CF	12498.3±181.5 b	6840.2±65.3 c	19993.7±228.0 bc	0.51±0.0 de
	PUN₁₀₀	AWD	13071.2±432.6 a	7117.4±162.6 bc	21061.4±294.3 a	0.51±0.0 de
	PUN₈₀	CF	11083.2±339.4 cd	6323.0±79.4 d	18922.5±228.7 d	0.52±0.0 bcd
	PUN₈₀	AWD	11342.4±390.0 cd	5786.7±51.4 e	19637.0±364.7 c	0.53±0.0 b
	CRFN₈₀-BC	CF	12404.2±448.3 b	7376.4±168.8 b	20179.6±326.5 bc	0.50±0.0 ef
	CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	12647.0±279.5 ab	8210.9±330.4 a	20339.7±697.7 b	0.49±0.0 f
	SFN₈₀-BC	CF	11500.3±279.9 c	8022.6±216.9 a	20353.3±393.8 b	0.51±0.0 de
	SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	10844.2±279.7 d	8025.5±276.9 a	21012.5±384.1 a	0.53±0.0 bc

干湿交替灌溉下施氮模式对水稻光合产物和氮转运的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Regimes on Translocation of Rice Photosynthetic Products and Nitrogen Under Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation

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Metrics

处理 Treatment		氮含量 Nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)
处理 Treatment		分蘖期 Tillering		齐穗期 Heading			成熟期 Maturity
氮肥模式Nitrogen	灌溉模式 Irrigation	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle
N₀	FI	10.2±0.4 c	23.0±0.2 c	8.5±0.1 cd	23.3±0.3 bc	10.3±0.1 c	10.2±0.1 a	6.8±0.5 bc	10.7±0.5 c
N₀	AWD	10.8±0.2 bc	24.0±0.1 c	8.8±0.9 cd	24.4±0.5 abc	11.6±0.3 b	9.0±0.2 b	6.9±0.2 bc	12.2±0.6 b
PUN₁₀₀	FI	11.8±0.1 b	25.7±1.2 b	11.6±0.2 a	24.0±0.2 abc	12.4±0.2 ab	7.7±0.2 cd	8.6±0.1 a	12.6±0.2 b
PUN₁₀₀	AWD	14.3±1.2 a	28.5±0.2 a	9.9±0.6 bc	23.9±1.0 abc	12.5±0.5 ab	7.5±0.1 cde	7.9±0.3 ab	13.0±0.2 ab
PUN₈₀	FI	11.0±0.2 bc	28.2±0.9 a	7.8±0.4 d	23.2±0.4 c	12.1±0.4 ab	7.8±0.2 c	7.4±0.3 bc	12.6±0.3 b
PUN₈₀	AWD	11.9±0.2 b	29.5±0.6 a	8.5±0.1 cd	20.5±0.7 d	12.4±0.1 ab	7.3±0.1 def	7.7±0.2 abc	12.9±0.3 ab
CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	13.6±0.1 a	29.0±0.1 a	11.1±0.5 ab	25.1±0.3 abc	12.3±0.1 ab	6.8±0.1 g	6.5±0.1 c	12.6±0.1 b
CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	11.5±0.2 bc	28.5±0.2 a	10.7±0.7 ab	25.3±1.1 ab	12.1±0.7 ab	7.0±0.1 fg	7.3±0.4 bc	12.9±0.1 ab
SFN₈₀-BC	FI	14.8±0.3 a	29.0±0.1 a	11.9±0.1 a	25.4±0.4 a	12.3±0.3 ab	7.1±0.1 efg	7.4±0.6 bc	12.9±0.1 ab
SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	14.5±0.1 a	29.3±0.4 a	11.2±0.4 ab	25.5±0.3 a	13.1±0.4 a	7.1±0.1 efg	7.8±0.3 ab	13.7±0.1 a

处理 Treatment		氮累积量 Nitrogen accumulation/(kg·hm^-2)
氮肥模式 Nitrogen	灌溉模式 Irrigation	分蘖期 Tillering	齐穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity
N₀	FI	28.9±1.1 e	71.9±1.5 h	186.4±2.7 e
N₀	AWD	46.2±4.7 e	97.6±2.2 g	182.2±7.8 e
PUN₁₀₀	FI	81.3±10.3 d	163.4±1.1 cd	272.0±2.4 b
PUN₁₀₀	AWD	100.6±2.6 cd	143.6±5.1 de	284.4±1.2 a
PUN₈₀	FI	78.7±1.5 d	122.9±6.4 ef	247.1±0.0 d
PUN₈₀	AWD	78.1±6.6 d	119.2±5.8 fg	254.2±10.8 cd
CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	91.8±3.6 cd	139.4±17.9 ef	257.8±4.6 c
CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	130.3±7.8 ab	178.2±3.1 bc	274.2±1.9 b
SFN₈₀-BC	FI	109.5±5.4 bc	187.4±5.0 b	268.9±4.0 b
SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	143.0±12.3 a	215.8±9.9 a	285.1±6.7 a

处理 Treatment		氮肥回收效率 Nitrogen recovery efficiency/%	氮肥农学利用率Nitrogen agronomy efficiency/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial factor productivity/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥生理利用率 Nitrogen physiological efficiency/(kg·kg^-1)
氮肥模式 Nitrogen	灌溉模式 Irrigation	氮肥回收效率 Nitrogen recovery efficiency/%	氮肥农学利用率Nitrogen agronomy efficiency/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial factor productivity/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥生理利用率 Nitrogen physiological efficiency/(kg·kg^-1)
PUN₁₀₀	FI	45.4±1.3 d	18.8±1.1 d	51.1±1.1 f	29.6±0.3 b
	AWD	46.3±0.7 cd	11.1±0.5 f	45.7±0.5 g	35.5±1.8 b
PUN₈₀	FI	39.5±2.7 e	14.4±0.2 e	54.8±0.2 e	36.7±1.9 b
	AWD	36.8±3.1 e	15.9±0.9 e	59.2±0.9 d	43.6±6.2 a
CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	46.9±3.2 cd	20.4±2.0 cd	60.7±2.0 cd	32.2±2.0 b
	AWD	50.7±1.3 bc	24.9±1.8 b	68.2±1.8 b	49.2±4.7 a
SFN₈₀-BC	FI	54.6±2.8 ab	21.5±1.0 c	61.8±1.0 c	45.7±0.5 a
SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	58.3±4.6 a	27.2±1.7 a	70.6±1.7 a	47.2±6.6 a

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处理 Treatment		氮转运量 Nitrogen translocation /(kg·hm^-2)		氮转运率 Efficiency of nitrogen translocation/%		氮贡献率 Contribution rate of nitrogen/%		穗氮增加量 Nitrogen translocation to panicle /(kg·hm^-2)
氮肥模式 Nitrogen	灌溉模式Irrigation	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf
氮肥模式 Nitrogen	灌溉模式Irrigation	茎 Stem	N₀	FI	-23.5±0.8 g	8.7±1.7 g	-68.9±4.0 e		31.0±5.3 d	-23.6±1.7 g	8.6±1.4 f	99.8±3.6 e
AWD	5.3±0.7 f	17.6±1.5 f	N₀	10.2±1.1 d	52.9±1.0 ab	5.0±0.9 f	16.4±0.6 de	107.5±5.5 e
PUN₁₀₀	FI	19.7±1.2 cd	29.5±1.8 de	27.34±2.0 c	42.8±1.1 c	13.5±1.0 cd	20.3±1.6 cde	145.8±2.2 cd
PUN₁₀₀	AWD	16.8±0.9 de	29.1±3.7 de	31.98±0.3 abc	43.5±2.8 c	10.7±0.3 de	18.6±2.8 cde	156.9±3.5 ab
PUN₈₀	FI	13.2±2.3 e	29.9±5.5 de	29.63±5.2 bc	48.5±5.7 bc	9.4±1.8 e	21.3±4.2 cd	141.0±2.0 d
PUN₈₀	AWD	17.4±1.5 de	22.6±1.3 ef	35.7±0.2 ab	43.3±2.3 c	11.6±1.4 de	15.0±1.5 e	151.3±5.9 bc
CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	21.0±1.0 cd	35.4±5.8 cd	38.19±4.8 a	51.9±4.3 ab	13.65±0.8 cd	22.9±3.9 c	155.1±1.4 ab
CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	24.0±1.1 bc	48.3±8.4 b	36.41±1.3 ab	54.2±6.3 ab	15.93±1.4 bc	31.6±4.2 b	151.5±6.6 bc
SFN₈₀-BC	FI	26.2±5.0 b	43.3±1.2 bc	31.9±4.0 abc	52.5±0.5 ab	17.5±3.7 ab	28.7±0.2 b	151.1±3.5 bc
SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	32.2±2.9 a	61.6±0.7 a	38.4±1.3 a	59.7±0.2 a	19.7±1.5 a	37.8±0.8 a	163.2±1.9 a

处理 Treatment		氮转运量 Nitrogen translocation /(kg·hm^-2)		氮转运率 Efficiency of nitrogen translocation/%		氮贡献率 Contribution rate of nitrogen/%		穗氮增加量 Nitrogen translocation to panicle /(kg·hm^-2)
氮肥模式 Nitrogen	灌溉模式Irrigation	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf
氮肥模式 Nitrogen	灌溉模式Irrigation	茎 Stem	N₀	FI	-23.5±0.8 g	8.7±1.7 g	-68.9±4.0 e		31.0±5.3 d	-23.6±1.7 g	8.6±1.4 f	99.8±3.6 e
AWD	5.3±0.7 f	17.6±1.5 f	N₀	10.2±1.1 d	52.9±1.0 ab	5.0±0.9 f	16.4±0.6 de	107.5±5.5 e
PUN₁₀₀	FI	19.7±1.2 cd	29.5±1.8 de	27.34±2.0 c	42.8±1.1 c	13.5±1.0 cd	20.3±1.6 cde	145.8±2.2 cd
PUN₁₀₀	AWD	16.8±0.9 de	29.1±3.7 de	31.98±0.3 abc	43.5±2.8 c	10.7±0.3 de	18.6±2.8 cde	156.9±3.5 ab
PUN₈₀	FI	13.2±2.3 e	29.9±5.5 de	29.63±5.2 bc	48.5±5.7 bc	9.4±1.8 e	21.3±4.2 cd	141.0±2.0 d
PUN₈₀	AWD	17.4±1.5 de	22.6±1.3 ef	35.7±0.2 ab	43.3±2.3 c	11.6±1.4 de	15.0±1.5 e	151.3±5.9 bc
CRFN₈₀-BC	FI	21.0±1.0 cd	35.4±5.8 cd	38.19±4.8 a	51.9±4.3 ab	13.65±0.8 cd	22.9±3.9 c	155.1±1.4 ab
CRFN₈₀-BC	AWD	24.0±1.1 bc	48.3±8.4 b	36.41±1.3 ab	54.2±6.3 ab	15.93±1.4 bc	31.6±4.2 b	151.5±6.6 bc
SFN₈₀-BC	FI	26.2±5.0 b	43.3±1.2 bc	31.9±4.0 abc	52.5±0.5 ab	17.5±3.7 ab	28.7±0.2 b	151.1±3.5 bc
SFN₈₀-BC	AWD	32.2±2.9 a	61.6±0.7 a	38.4±1.3 a	59.7±0.2 a	19.7±1.5 a	37.8±0.8 a	163.2±1.9 a