结实期干湿交替灌溉对水稻根系、产量和土壤的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210309

中国水稻科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 269-277.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210309

结实期干湿交替灌溉对水稻根系、产量和土壤的影响

陈云¹^,², 刘昆¹, 李婷婷¹, 李思宇¹, 李国明², 张伟杨¹, 张耗¹, 顾骏飞¹, 刘立军¹^,^*(), 杨建昌¹

¹扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/江苏省作物基因组学和分子育种重点实验室，江苏扬州225009
²扬州大学生物科学与技术学院，江苏扬州225009

收稿日期:2021-03-19 修回日期:2021-06-01 出版日期:2022-05-10 发布日期:2022-05-11
通讯作者: 刘立军
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31871557);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32071947);江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室开放课题(YSCL201807);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目。

Effects of Alternate Wetting and Moderate Soil Drying Irrigation on Root Traits, Grain Yield and Soil Properties in Rice

CHEN Yun¹^,², LIU Kun¹, LI Tingting¹, LI Siyu¹, LI Guoming², ZHANG Weiyang¹, ZHANG Hao¹, GU Junfei¹, LIU Lijun¹^,^*(), YANG Jianchang¹

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
²College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Received:2021-03-19 Revised:2021-06-01 Online:2022-05-10 Published:2022-05-11
Contact: LIU Lijun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】干湿交替灌溉(WMD)对水稻根系生长和产量形成有重要影响，但其对土壤性状的影响，以及与根系生长的关系尚不明确。【方法】本研究以5个不同类型的水稻品种为材料，在结实期设置常规灌溉(CI)和干湿交替灌溉(WMD)两种灌溉方式处理，研究了其对水稻产量、根系形态生理及土壤性状的影响。【结果】1)与CI相比，结实期WMD可明显提高不同品种的结实率与千粒重，从而提高水稻产量。2)结实期WMD能够提高复水后水稻根际与非根际土壤硝态氮含量和脲酶、蔗糖酶活性，降低土壤铵态氮含量。3)结实期WMD复水后水稻根系形态(根质量、根数、根长、根表面积、根体积、根系通气组织面积)及根系活力(根系氧化力)均明显高于CI处理。【结论】WMD复水后较高的根际和非根际土壤硝态氮含量、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性以及较低的土壤铵态氮含量能够改善水稻根系形态生理，促进籽粒灌浆结实，提高水稻产量。

关键词: 水稻, 产量, 干湿交替灌溉, 土壤养分, 根系形态生理

Abstract:

【Objective】 Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation (WMD) plays important roles in root growth and yield formation in rice. However, its effect on soil properties and their relationship with root growth is not clearly understood. 【Method】 In this experiment, the effects of continuously flooded irrigation (CI) and WMD during the grain filling stage on rice yield, root morphology and physiology and soil properties were studied using five different types of rice varieties. 【Result】 1) Compared with CI, WMD during the grain filling stage could significantly increase the seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of different varieties, thereby increase the grain yield in rice. 2) The nitrate nitrogen content, the activities of urease and sucrase in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils could be increased, and the soil ammonium nitrogen content could be reduced after rewatering under WMD during the grain filling stage. 3) The rice root morphology (root dry weight, root number, root length, root surface, root volume, root aerenchyma area) and root activity (root oxidation activity) after rewatering with WMD during the grain filling stage were significantly higher than those in CI treatment. 【Conclusion】 Greater nitrate nitrogen contents, higher activities of urease and sucrase and lower ammonium nitrogen contents in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils after WMD rewatering could improve root morphological and physiological traits, promote grain filling, and increase rice yield finally.

Key words: rice, grain yield, alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation, soil nutrient, root morphology and physiology

陈云, 刘昆, 李婷婷, 李思宇, 李国明, 张伟杨, 张耗, 顾骏飞, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 结实期干湿交替灌溉对水稻根系、产量和土壤的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(3): 269-277.

CHEN Yun, LIU Kun, LI Tingting, LI Siyu, LI Guoming, ZHANG Weiyang, ZHANG Hao, GU Junfei, LIU Lijun, YANG Jianchang. Effects of Alternate Wetting and Moderate Soil Drying Irrigation on Root Traits, Grain Yield and Soil Properties in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(3): 269-277.

图/表 10

表1 产量、根系和土壤主要性状的方差分析

Table 1. Analysis of variance of F-values of grain yield and main root and soil traits.

来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	产量 Grain yield	根系干质量 Root dry weight	根系氧化力 Root oxidation activity	土壤硝态氮含量 Soil nitrate nitrogen content	土壤脲酶活性 Soil urease activity
年份 Year (Y)	1	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
处理 Treatment (T)	1	5.2^*	4.9^*	54.4^**	14.8^**	9.8^**
年份×处理 Y×T	1	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

表2 结实期干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

Table 2. Effect of WMD during the grain filling stage on rice yield and its components.

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	总颖花量 Total spikelets per pot	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Grain yield/(g·pot^-1)
扬稻6号YD6	CI	3450.9 a	89.1 b	29.5 b	90.8 b
	WMD	3541.3 a	92.2 a	30.1 a	98.2 a
南粳9108 NJ9108	CI	4189.4 a	87.3 b	24.1 a	88.0 b
	WMD	4228.8 a	90.9 a	24.6 a	94.6 a
扬两优6号YLY6	CI	4018.2 a	87.4 b	28.7 a	100.8 b
	WMD	4156.6 a	90.7 a	29.2 a	110.0 a
常优5号CY5	CI	4326.8 a	86.3 b	24.8 a	92.4 b
	WMD	4416.7 a	89.6 a	25.3 a	100.0 a
甬优2640 YY2640	CI	5468.3 a	80.9 b	23.4 b	103.4 b
	WMD	5534.4 a	84.5 a	24.1 a	112.4 a

图1 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根际(A)和非根际(B)土壤硝态氮含量 YD6–扬稻6号;NJ9108–南粳9108;YLY6–扬两优6号;CY5–常优5号;YY2640–甬优2640。CI–常规灌溉;WMD–干湿交替灌溉。对同一品种柱上不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 1. Nitrate nitrogen contents in rice rhizosphere (A) and non-rhizosphere (B) soils after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage. YD6, Yangdao 6; NJ9108, Nanjing 9108; YLY6, Yangliangyou 6; CY5, Changyou 5; YY2640, Yongyou 2640. CI, Continuously flooded irrigation; WMD, Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation. For a variety, different lowercase letters above the column indicate statistical significance at the P = 0.05 level.

图2 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根际(A)和非根际(B)土壤铵态氮含量 YD6–扬稻6号;NJ9108–南粳9108;YLY6–扬两优6号;CY5–常优5号;YY2640–甬优2640。CI–常规灌溉;WMD–干湿交替灌溉。同一品种柱上不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 2. Ammonium nitrogen contents in rice rhizosphere (A) and non-rhizosphere (B) soils after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage. YD6, Yangdao 6; NJ9108, Nanjing 9108; YLY6, Yangliangyou 6; CY5, Changyou 5; YY2640, Yongyou 2640. CI, Continuously flooded irrigation; WMD, Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation. For a variety, different letters above the column indicate statistical significance at the P = 0.05 level.

图3 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根际(A)和非根际(B)土壤脲酶活性 YD6–扬稻6号;NJ9108–南粳9108;YLY6–扬两优6号;CY5–常优5号;YY2640–甬优2640。CI–常规灌溉;WMD–干湿交替灌溉。对同一品种，不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 3. Urease activities in rice rhizosphere (A) and non-rhizosphere (B) soils after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage. YD 6, Yangdao 6; NJ 9108, Nanjing 9108; YLY 6, Yangliangyou 6; CY 5, Changyou 5; YY2640, Yongyou 2640. CI, Continuously flooded irrigation; WMD, Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation. For variety, different lowercase letters above the column indicate statistical significance at the P = 0.05 level.

图4 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根际(A)和非根际(B)土壤蔗糖酶活性 YD6–扬稻6号;NJ9108–南粳9108;YLY6–扬两优6号;CY5–常优5号;YY2640–甬优2640。CI–常规灌溉;WMD–干湿交替灌溉。对同一品种，不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 4. Sucrase activities in rice rhizosphere (A) and non-rhizosphere (B) soils after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage. YD 6, Yangdao 6; NJ 9108, Nanjing 9108; YLY 6, Yangliangyou 6; CY 5, Changyou 5; YY2640, Yongyou 2640. CI, Continuously flooded irrigation; WMD, Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation. For variety, different lowercase letters above the column indicate statistical significance at 0.05 level.

表3 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根系形态特征

Table 3. Morphological characteristics of rice roots after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage.

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	根干质量 Root dry weight /(g·pot^-1)	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	根数 Root number /(×100·pot^-1)	根长 Root length /(m·pot^-1)	根表面积 Root surface /(cm²·pot^-1)	根系直径 Root diameter /mm	根体积 Root volume /(cm³·pot^-1)
扬稻6号	CI	25.5 b	0.23 a	20.0 b	876.9 b	9 267.7 b	0.51 a	125.5 a
YD6	WMD	29.8 a	0.24 a	23.6 a	960.1 a	10 623.8 a	0.52 a	137.3 a
南粳9108	CI	22.3 b	0.23 a	21.3 b	624.5 b	10 134.7 b	0.57 a	98.8 b
NJ9108	WMD	25.9 a	0.24 a	24.0 a	661.6 a	10 797.6 a	0.58 a	110.3 a
扬两优6号	CI	30.4 b	0.22 a	23.6 b	767.3 b	9 993.9 b	0.61 a	121.3 b
YLY6	WMD	36.3 a	0.23 a	26.6 a	812.5 a	10 784.1 a	0.61 a	133.6 a
常优5号	CI	25.1 a	0.18 a	21.7 b	766.9 b	10 675.1 b	0.49 a	112.3 b
CY5	WMD	26.4 a	0.18 a	23.9 a	809.4 a	11 580.0 a	0.48 a	122.2 a
甬优2640	CI	24.0 b	0.24 a	17.6 b	883.5 b	11 546.6 a	0.48 a	102.2 b
YY2640	WMD	27.6 a	0.25 a	18.6 a	984.2 a	12 600.9 a	0.47 a	114.6 a

图5 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后根系通气组织显微结构图(扬稻6号) R1–距根尖1 cm; R2–距根尖2 cm; R3–距根尖3 cm。

Fig. 5. Microstructure of root aerenchyma after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage (Yangdao 6). CI, Continuously flooded irrigation; WMD, Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation. R1, 1 cm from root tip; R2, 2 cm from root tip; R3, 3 cm from root tip.

表4 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根系通气组织

Table 4. Aerenchyma in rice root system after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage.

品种 Cultivar	部位 Site	处理 Treatment	横截面积(S1) Cross-section area(S1) /(×10⁴ μm²)	通气组织面积(S2) Aerenchyma area(S2) /(×10⁴ μm²)	面积比(S2/S1) Area ratio(S2/S1) /%
扬稻6号	R1	CI	50.9 a	0.0 a	0.0 a
YD6		WMD	62.0 a	0.0 a	0.0 a
	R2	CI	64.6 a	9.4 a	14.6 a
		WMD	53.2 a	8.7 a	16.4 a
	R3	CI	54.3 b	10 b	18.4 b
		WMD	74.7 a	16.1 a	21.6 a
南粳9108	R1	CI	78.8 a	0.0 a	0.0 a
NJ9108		WMD	73.6 a	0.0 a	0.0 a
	R2	CI	95.5 a	12.9 a	13.5 b
		WMD	90.2 a	13.5 a	15.0 a
	R3	CI	86.2 a	14.5 b	16.8 b
		WMD	83.8 a	17.5 a	20.9 a
扬两优6号	R1	CI	61.5 a	0.0 a	0.0 a
YLY6		WMD	60.6 a	0.0 a	0.0 a
	R2	CI	57.9 a	8.9 b	15.4 b
		WMD	63.1 a	10.9 a	17.3 a
	R3	CI	69.5 a	12.5 a	18.0 b
		WMD	64.3 a	12.3 a	19.1 a
常优5号	R1	CI	84.5 a	0.0 a	0.0 a
CY5		WMD	75.6 a	0.0 a	0.0 a
	R2	CI	91.7 a	12.2 a	13.3 b
		WMD	77.7 b	12.9 a	16.6 a
	R3	CI	80.2 a	15.2 b	19.0 b
		WMD	84.9 a	20.3 a	23.9 a
甬优2640	R1	CI	70.7 a	0.0 a	0.0 a
YY 2640		WMD	62.3 a	0.0 a	0.0 a
	R2	CI	75.6 a	10.9 a	14.4 b
		WMD	71.1 a	12.0 a	16.9 a
	R3	CI	71.0 a	14.1 b	19.9 b
		WMD	66.8 a	17.3 a	25.9 a

图6 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根系氧化力 YD6–扬稻6号;NJ9108–南粳9108;YLY6–扬两优6号;CY5–常优5号;YY2640–甬优2640。CI–常规灌溉;WMD–干湿交替灌溉。对同一品种，不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 6. Root oxidation activity after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage. YD6, Yangdao 6; NJ9108, Nanjing 9108; YLY6, Yangliangyou 6; CY5, Changyou 5; YY2640, Yongyou 2640. CI, Continuously flooded irrigation; WMD, Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation. For a variety, different letters above the column indicate statistical significance at the P = 0.05 level.

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结实期干湿交替灌溉对水稻根系、产量和土壤的影响

Effects of Alternate Wetting and Moderate Soil Drying Irrigation on Root Traits, Grain Yield and Soil Properties in Rice

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