中国水稻科学

中国水稻科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 181-194.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210809

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

抗倒酯对北方优质稻抗倒伏能力、产量和米质的影响

张小鹏1, 宫彦龙1,2, 闫秉春1, 李丽1, 李坤译1, 王祎玮1, 鞠晓堂1, 程效义1,*(), 徐海1,*()   

  1. 1沈阳农业大学 水稻研究所/辽宁省北方粳稻遗传育种重点实验室/农业部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/北方超级粳稻育种教育部重点实验室,沈阳 110866
    2贵州省水稻研究所,贵阳 550006
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-17 修回日期:2021-10-17 出版日期:2022-03-10 发布日期:2022-03-11
  • 通讯作者: 程效义,徐海
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-12);辽宁省科技重大专项(2019JH1/10200001);国家自然科学基金委联合基金项目(U1708231)

Effects of Trinexapac-ethyl on Lodging Resistance, Yield and Rice Quality of Northern Rice with Good Quality

ZHANG Xiaopeng1, GONG Yanlong1,2, YAN Bingchun1, LI Li1, LI Kunyi1, WANG Yiwei1, JU Xiaotang1, CHEN Xiaoyi1,*(), XU Hai1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Rice Research, Shenyang Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Genetics and Breeding of Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture /Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
    2Guizhou Rice Research Institute, Guizhou 550006, China
  • Received:2021-08-17 Revised:2021-10-17 Online:2022-03-10 Published:2022-03-11
  • Contact: CHEN Xiaoyi, XU Hai

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摘要：

【目的】 研究抗倒酯对优质稻抗倒伏能力及产量与米质的影响。【方法】 以优质稻品种丰锦和沈农09001为试材,在分蘖期、拔节初期、孕穗期叶面喷施不同浓度(0、90、180和360 mg/L, 1200 L/hm2)的抗倒酯,以倒伏指数、抗折力以及抗推力作为评价植株抗倒伏能力的指标,研究抗倒酯对优质稻抗倒伏能力及产量和米质的影响。 【结果】 施用抗倒酯可以改善水稻茎秆的形态和解剖结构,提高植株抗倒伏能力。随着施用浓度的增加,株高降低,重心下移,基部第1、2、3节间长度缩短,茎秆粗度及茎壁厚度增加,大、小维管束数目、大维管束面积先增加后降低,抗折力和植株抗推力增加,倒伏指数降低,抗倒伏能力增加。不同施用时期处理间抗倒伏能力有显著差异,在孕穗期施用对提升抗倒伏能力最有效。随着施用浓度的增加,有效穗数、结实率、穗粒数显著降低,千粒重显著增加,而穗长显著降低,产量随之显著降低。施用时期越往后移,产量降幅越高。蛋白质含量随着施用浓度的增加而增加,大米食味值呈下降趋势,糙米率、精米率显著下降,对其他米质性状无显著影响。施用时期越晚对水稻外观品质及营养品质影响越小,稻米品质较好。【结论】 随着抗倒酯浓度的增加优质稻的抗倒伏能力随之增强,产量和加工品质及营养品质虽有所下降,但可以一定程度弥补因倒伏而造成损失,因此抗倒酯可以作为提高抗倒伏能力的作物生长调节物质应用于优质稻生产中,最佳施用浓度和施用时期组合为拔节始期时施用180 mg/L(1200 L/hm2)的抗倒酯。

关键词: 抗倒酯, 优质稻, 抗倒伏, 产量, 米质

Abstract:

【Objective】 The present study aims to evaluate the effect of trinexapac-ethyl spraying on rice lodging resistance,yield and quality performance of good quality rice.【Method】 Good quality rice varieties Toyonishiki and Shennong 09001 were used as test materials to investigate the effects of trinexapac-ethyl at different concentrations(CK, 0 mg/L; C1, 90 mg/L; C2, 180 mg/L; C3, 360 mg/L) during different growth stages(T1, late tillering stage; T2, early jointing stage; T3, booting stage) on lodging resistance, yield and quality of good-quality rice based on lodging index, bending resistance and thrust resistance.【Result】 The morphological and anatomical structure of stem, and the lodging resistance of rice plants were improved by trinexapac-ethyl application. With the increasing application concentration, the plant height decreased, the center of gravity moved down, the length of the first, second and third internodes at the base shortened, the stem diameter and stem wall thickness increased, the number of large and small vascular bundles and the area of large vascular bundles first increased and then decreased, the bending resistance and plant thrust resistance increased, the lodging index decreased and the lodging resistance increased. There were significant differences in lodging resistance among different application periods. Application during booting stage was the most effective to improve lodging resistance. With the increasing application concentration, the number of effective panicles, seed setting rate, grain number per panicle, the panicle length, and the yield significantly decreased, but the 1000-grain weight significantly increased. The grain yield was on a downward slide as the application of trinexapac-ethyl was postponed. The protein content increased with the increase of application concentration, the protein content significantly increased, the taste value of rice, the brown rice rate, and milled rice rate significantly decreased, which had no significant effect on other rice quality traits. Trinexapac-ethyl spraying exerted a declining influence on rice quality and nutritional quality for delayed application, and the rice quality was relatively good.【Conclusion】 With the increasing concentration, the lodging resistance of good quality rice increases. Although the yield, processing quality and nutritional quality decline, they can make up for the loss caused by lodging to a certain extent. Therefore, lodging resistance can be used as a plant growth regulator to improve lodging resistance in the production of good quality rice. The best combination of application concentration and application period was 180 mg/L (1200 L/hm2) during early jointing stage(T2C2).

Key words: good quality rice, trinexapac-ethyl, lodging resistance, yield, quality