两份新株型水稻品系的农艺性状与遗传特性分析

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210208

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】理想株型水稻能提高光合作用效率、经济产量和抗病能力。通过探究两份新株型水稻种质的农艺性状变异和遗传特性,为水稻高产抗病育种提供优异理想株型种质资源。【方法】以两个重组自交系中发现的两份自然重组的新株型种质08yi和RIL60以及由同一自交系选育出来的常规种质08yc和RILc为材料,进行不同生长时期的株型构成因子和产量性状的比较分析,同时对4份种质进行理想株型基因IPA1测序和糯性鉴定。【结果】两份新种质与常规种质相比,在不同发育时期的功能叶性状、干物质积累量、穗部性状和产量构成因素上均存在显著变异,二者发生的有利变异包括功能叶叶角减小、功能叶叶长更合理、株型紧凑、单株有效穗数增加1~2穗,结实率分别提高了7.37%和5.09%;此外,新种质08yi叶绿素含量显著提高,RIL60的茎秆变粗,二者在逆境下的穗部性状表现更好,产量降幅更小,抗逆力增强。不利变异包括单穗重降低、穗长变短、每穗着粒数和每穗实粒数减少、枝梗长度和数量下降。IPA1基因测序结果显示与少蘖粳ipa1相比,两新种质并未突变,株型变异源自于其他因子。糯性鉴定结果表明RIL60存在糯性变异。【结论】两个新种质的一些农艺性状发生了明确的有利变异,具有较理想的株型结构,可作为优异种质用于理想株型育种和株型研究。RIL60作为理想株型糯稻,由于具有非糯水稻的经济产量,具有巨大的应用价值。

关键词: 水稻(Oryza sativa L.), 理想株型, 农艺性状, 遗传特性, IPA1基因

Abstract:

【Objective】 Ideal plant-architecture (IPA) can increase photosynthetic efficiency, economic yield and resistance to disease of rice. The objective is to develop excellent germplasms with IPA for high-yield and resistance breeding by exploring variation in traits and genetic characteristics of two rice germplasm with new plant-architectures. 【Method】 The two germplasms ‘08yi’ and ‘RIL60’ with new plant-architecture from two recombinant inbred lines (RIL) by natural recombination, and their corresponding conventional germplasm ‘08yc’ and ‘RILc’ from the same RIL were used as materials. The constitute factors of plant architecture, yield traits in different developmental periods, as well as sequencing of IPA1 gene and waxy identification in four germplasm were comparatively analyzed. 【Result】 The functional leaf traits, dry matter accumulation at different developmental stages as well as panicle and yield traits of the two new lines were significantly different from those of conventional germplasms. Compared to the corresponding conventional germplasm, ‘08yi’ and ‘RIL60’ were featured with favorable variations including reduced angles of functional leaf, proper leaf length, compact plant architecture, an increase of 1-2 panicle in the effective panicles per plant and increased seed setting rate by 7.37% and 5.09%, respectively. In addition, the chlorophyll contents of the new germplasm ‘08yi’ significantly increased, and the stem of ‘RIL60’ was thicker than that of ‘RILc’. The panicle traits of the two new germplasm under stress condition were better because they had smaller reduction of economic yield and stronger stress resistance compared to their corresponding conventional germplasm. However, their unfavorable variations include decreased panicle weight, shorter panicle length, decreased number of grains per panicle, seeds, branch length and branch number. The results of IPA1 gene sequencing showed that there were no mutations at 874 site of IPA1(C→A) in the two new germplasm compared with the Shaoniejing ipa1, and the variation of plant architecture was attributed to other factors. The result of waxy identification showed that ‘RIL60’ had waxy variation. 【Conclusion】 Thanks for preferred variation in agronomic traits, the two new lines can be used as excellent germplasms for IPA breeding and research. As a glutinous rice variety with IPA and economic yield equal to non-glutinous rice, RIL60 has enormous potential for extension.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa L.), ideal plant architecture, agronomic trait, genetic characteristics, IPA1 gene

梁程, 向珣朝, 张欧玲, 游慧, 许亮, 陈永军. 两份新株型水稻品系的农艺性状与遗传特性分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(2): 171-180.

LIANG Cheng, XIANG Xunchao, ZHANG Ouling, YOU Hui, XU Liang, CHEN Yongjun. Analyses on Agronomic Traits and Genetic Characteristics of Two New Plant-architecture Lines in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(2): 171-180.

图/表 10

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引物名称 Name of primer	引物序列 Sequence of primer（5′-3′）	产物大小 Product size/bp	退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃
IPA1扩增引物 IPA1 amplification primer	F: CGGTCGACTAGCTGCATCTGTTGG R: CATCGTGTTGCTGGTTTGGTCGAAG	784	58.3
IPA1测序引物 IPA1 sequencing primer	F: GATCTCCGGTGGTATCCAGT R: GAAGTGGGCATGATGGCTA	457	55.9
Wx M1	F: CACAGCAACAGCTAGACAACCAC R: CACGACGACGGAGGGGAAC	275/252	55.0

引物名称 Name of primer	引物序列 Sequence of primer（5′-3′）	产物大小 Product size/bp	退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃
IPA1扩增引物 IPA1 amplification primer	F: CGGTCGACTAGCTGCATCTGTTGG R: CATCGTGTTGCTGGTTTGGTCGAAG	784	58.3
IPA1测序引物 IPA1 sequencing primer	F: GATCTCCGGTGGTATCCAGT R: GAAGTGGGCATGATGGCTA	457	55.9
Wx M1	F: CACAGCAACAGCTAGACAACCAC R: CACGACGACGGAGGGGAAC	275/252	55.0

生育期与材料 Growth stage and material	叶长Leaf length/cm			叶宽Leaf width/cm			叶角度 Leaf angle/°
生育期与材料 Growth stage and material	剑叶 Flag Leaf	倒2叶 2nd leaf from top	倒3叶 3rd leaf from top	剑叶 Flag Leaf	倒2叶 2nd leaf from top	倒3叶 3rd leaf from top	剑叶 Flag Leaf	倒2叶 2nd leaf from top	倒3叶 3rd leaf from top
乳熟期Milky maturity stage Milk-ripe stage
08yi	26.80±2.89b	43.17±1.45b	40.20±0.73b	2.58±0.03b	1.85±0.03b	1.64±0.02b	10.80±1.18b	9.77±0.37b	22.50±0.71b
08yc	37.53±1.33a	49.83±1.33a	51.20±1.85a	2.55±0.07b	2.01±0.05b	1.72±0.05b	10.40±0.41b	15.23±0.12a	20.83±2.72b
RIL60	28.57±0.54b	46.37±0.88ab	46.77±2.56a	2.87±0.04a	2.38±0.07a	2.03±0.02a	19.23±1.02a	16.27±0.90a	21.10±0.82b
RILc	31.67±2.15b	46.43±2.72ab	48.83±2.08a	3.04±0.10a	2.71±0.26a	2.02±0.11a	10.07±0.12b	13.60±2.16a	27.77±2.58a
蜡熟期Dough maturity stage
08yi	17.30±1.78b	35.37±3.21b	40.27±1.50c	2.29±0.03b	1.93±0.10a	1.63±0.13b	10.30±1.30c	12.70±2.44b	27.03±3.98a
08yc	30.97±3.81a	47.83±1.57a	50.03±0.82a	2.21±0.22b	1.81±0.07a	1.47±0.10b	10.03±0.87c	10.87±0.66b	17.07±1.32b
RIL60	27.90±1.35a	45.13±1.54a	47.03±1.68b	2.72±0.02a	2.24±0.04b	2.00±0.01a	17.07±1.60b	19.03±1.64a	22.30±3.19ab
RILc	31.93±1.13a	47.17±1.27a	49.20±0.37ab	2.80±0.01a	2.32±0.02b	2.06±0.04a	30.77±2.87a	22.93±3.07a	22.47±0.77ab
完熟期Full maturity stage
08yi	12.33±1.03c	28.50±1.51b	39.83±0.29c	2.33±0.12b	2.01±0.09b	1.49±0.06b	10.07±0.12c	15.60±1.37b	28.10±3.04a
08yc	36.30±4.30a	46.17±3.73a	49.53±1.81a	2.37±0.15b	1.86±0.20b	1.57±0.12b	11.20±1.42c	12.30±0.62b	19.07±1.25b
RIL60	27.17±1.66b	44.37±1.11a	45.33±2.10b	2.74±0.07a	2.21±0.05ab	1.99±0.02a	17.13±1.77b	21.74±1.72a	23.83±2.78ab
RILc	30.50±1.76ab	47.37±1.05a	49.47±0.54a	2.80±0.05a	2.32±0.03a	2.07±0.03a	29.27±2.74a	22.97±1.84a	23.37±0.96ab

生育期与材料 Growth stage and material	叶长Leaf length/cm			叶宽Leaf width/cm			叶角度 Leaf angle/°
生育期与材料 Growth stage and material	剑叶 Flag Leaf	倒2叶 2nd leaf from top	倒3叶 3rd leaf from top	剑叶 Flag Leaf	倒2叶 2nd leaf from top	倒3叶 3rd leaf from top	剑叶 Flag Leaf	倒2叶 2nd leaf from top	倒3叶 3rd leaf from top
乳熟期Milky maturity stage Milk-ripe stage
08yi	26.80±2.89b	43.17±1.45b	40.20±0.73b	2.58±0.03b	1.85±0.03b	1.64±0.02b	10.80±1.18b	9.77±0.37b	22.50±0.71b
08yc	37.53±1.33a	49.83±1.33a	51.20±1.85a	2.55±0.07b	2.01±0.05b	1.72±0.05b	10.40±0.41b	15.23±0.12a	20.83±2.72b
RIL60	28.57±0.54b	46.37±0.88ab	46.77±2.56a	2.87±0.04a	2.38±0.07a	2.03±0.02a	19.23±1.02a	16.27±0.90a	21.10±0.82b
RILc	31.67±2.15b	46.43±2.72ab	48.83±2.08a	3.04±0.10a	2.71±0.26a	2.02±0.11a	10.07±0.12b	13.60±2.16a	27.77±2.58a
蜡熟期Dough maturity stage
08yi	17.30±1.78b	35.37±3.21b	40.27±1.50c	2.29±0.03b	1.93±0.10a	1.63±0.13b	10.30±1.30c	12.70±2.44b	27.03±3.98a
08yc	30.97±3.81a	47.83±1.57a	50.03±0.82a	2.21±0.22b	1.81±0.07a	1.47±0.10b	10.03±0.87c	10.87±0.66b	17.07±1.32b
RIL60	27.90±1.35a	45.13±1.54a	47.03±1.68b	2.72±0.02a	2.24±0.04b	2.00±0.01a	17.07±1.60b	19.03±1.64a	22.30±3.19ab
RILc	31.93±1.13a	47.17±1.27a	49.20±0.37ab	2.80±0.01a	2.32±0.02b	2.06±0.04a	30.77±2.87a	22.93±3.07a	22.47±0.77ab
完熟期Full maturity stage
08yi	12.33±1.03c	28.50±1.51b	39.83±0.29c	2.33±0.12b	2.01±0.09b	1.49±0.06b	10.07±0.12c	15.60±1.37b	28.10±3.04a
08yc	36.30±4.30a	46.17±3.73a	49.53±1.81a	2.37±0.15b	1.86±0.20b	1.57±0.12b	11.20±1.42c	12.30±0.62b	19.07±1.25b
RIL60	27.17±1.66b	44.37±1.11a	45.33±2.10b	2.74±0.07a	2.21±0.05ab	1.99±0.02a	17.13±1.77b	21.74±1.72a	23.83±2.78ab
RILc	30.50±1.76ab	47.37±1.05a	49.47±0.54a	2.80±0.05a	2.32±0.03a	2.07±0.03a	29.27±2.74a	22.97±1.84a	23.37±0.96ab

年份 Year	种质Germplasm	穗重 Single panicle weight / g	穗长 Panicle length / cm	一次枝梗数 Primary rachis branch number	一次枝梗总长 Total length of primary rachis branch number / cm	二次枝梗总数 Secondary rachis branch number
2019	08yi	4.46±0.45 d	16.01±0.52 d	16.32±0.18 b	129.27±9.64 d	66.23±3.78 d
	08yc	6.14±0.68 c	20.09±0.76 c	16.07±0.95 bc	168.39±2.53 b	83.73±8.02 b
	RIL60	7.34±0.26 b	25.76±0.36 ab	16.96±0.40 b	203.35±2.10 a	81.44±1.36 b
	RILc	9.44±1.19 a	26.10±0.93 a	17.73±0.53 ab	200.00±14.17 a	104.12±5.33 a
2020	08yi	3.66±0.19 d	16.05±0.97 d	17.96±0.41 a	123.46±6.50 d	67.57±2.38 d
	08yc	5.43±0.52 cd	20.25±0.74 c	16.99±0.71 b	158.22±10.83 bc	77.86±3.40 bc
	RIL60	5.66±0.64 c	24.79±0.42 b	17.80±0.55 ab	191.05±14.57 a	66.37±8.15 d
	RILc	5.74±0.93 bc	25.05±0.57 b	15.22±0.20 c	149.58±5.79 c	71.93±2.66 c