不同水稻品种在高温逼熟下的表现及其与气象因子的关系

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.210509

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】随着全球气候变暖的加剧,灌浆期高温逼熟对水稻产量和品质的威胁日趋严重,明确水稻不同耐热性品种对灌浆期高温逼熟的反应及其与气象因子间的关系,对提高优质稻栽培和育种水平意义重大。【方法】对48个不同类型的水稻品种分4期进行大田播种,使各品种在灌浆期经历不同气象条件,探讨其主要产量、品质性状表现及其与气象因子的关系。【结果】多数品种粒重和品质指标在播期间差异显著;根据各指标变异系数和指标间相关性,确定千粒重、整精米率和垩白度等作为水稻品种灌浆期响应气象条件的主要农艺学指标;而气象因子中,日平均温度、相对湿度和日照时数为主要影响指标。采用隶属函数值对品种进行分类,感性品种千粒重、整精米率和垩白度的平均差异分别比耐性品种大1.98 g、30.02%和19.81%。进一步分析隶属函数值随日平均气温、相对湿度和日照时数的分布发现,齐穗后1–15 d日平均气温≥28℃、相对湿度≤84%、日照时数6~10 h时品种间耐性差异最大。【结论】垩白度、整精米率和千粒重可作为品种对高温逼熟响应的代表性农艺学指标;田间形成高温逼熟危害的气象条件是以温湿度为主导的综合气象条件,齐穗后1–15 d日平均气温≥28℃、平均相对湿度≤84%和日照时数≥6.5 h时,品种间耐性差异最大,是田间高温逼熟耐性筛选和鉴定的适宜气象条件。

关键词: 水稻, 全球气候变化, 稻米品质, 千粒重, 高温, 相对湿度

Abstract:

【Objective】 Heat stress exposure during grain filling stage induced by global warming is projected to have consequences for rice yield and quality. Examining the response of genotypes with contrasting heat tolerance to heat stress during grain filling and the relationship with meteorological factors have important implications for cultivation and breeding. 【Method】 To investigate how grain yield and rice quality is affected by heat stress during grain filling, 48 genotypes with contrasting heat tolerance were sown on four sowing dates for exposure to diversified weather conditions. 【Result】 Significant differences were observed in grain weight and quality of most genotypes across sowing dates. Based on the coefficient of variation and high correlation, 1000-grain weight, head rice rate, and chalkiness were selected to represent the variation of genotypes. Daily average temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours contributed most to the variance of these traits across sowing dates. The average 1000-grain weight, head rice rate, and chalkiness of susceptible genotypes were 1.98 g, 30.02%, and 19.81% higher than those of tolerant genotypes, respectively. Analysis of the distribution of the membership function value with the average temperature, humidity, and sunshine hours showed the largest differences across genotypes occurs when the average temperature ≥28℃, average humidity ≤84%, and the sunshine hours between 6 h and 10 h. 【Conclusion】 Chalkiness, head rice rate, and 1000-grain weight could be used as representative indicators to estimate the heat stress tolerance of genotypes during the grain filling stage. The meteorological conditions (the average temperature ≥28℃, average humidity ≤84%, and the sunshine hours between 6 h and 10 h) could be used for screening or identification of heat tolerance.

Key words: rice, global climate change, grain quality, 1000-grain weight, high temperature, relative humidity

闫浩亮, 王松, 王雪艳, 党程成, 周梦, 郝蓉蓉, 田小海. 不同水稻品种在高温逼熟下的表现及其与气象因子的关系[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(6): 617-628.

Haoliang YAN, Song WANG, Xueyan WANG, Chengcheng DANG, Meng ZHOU, Rongrong HAO, Xiaohai TIAN. Performance of Different Rice Varieties Under High Temperature and Its Relationship with Field Meteorological Factors[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(6): 617-628.

图/表 10

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品种编号 No.		类型 Type	来源地 Origin	品种编号 No.	名称 Name	类型 Type	来源地 Origin
V01	两优6号Liangyou 6	籼稻indica	中国China	V25	CR 579-1-3::IRGC 45443-2	不详Unknown	不详Unknown
V02	两优9168 Liangyou 9186	籼稻indica	中国China	V26	WAS 170-B-B-1-1::C1-G1	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V03	两优27 Liangyou 27	籼稻indica	中国China	V27	IR 13429-109-2-2-1::IRGC63491-1-1	籼稻indica	菲律宾PH
V04	株两优47 Zhuliangyou 47	籼稻indica	中国China	V28	M 203::IRGC 76309-1-1	温带粳稻¹⁾	美国USA
V05	5113S/R6	籼稻indica	中国China	V29	P1790-5-1M-4-5M-1B-3M-B	籼稻indica	哥伦比亚Columbia
V06	隆平A/R078 Longping A/R078	籼稻indica	中国China	V30	圭630 Gui 630	籼稻indica	中国China
V07	5113S/RC18	籼稻indica	中国China	V31	特青选系Teqingxuanxi	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V08	9802S/RC18	籼稻indica	中国China	V32	IR58025B	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V09	618S/R6	籼稻indica	中国China	V33	BG304	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V10	5113S/R2741	籼稻indica	中国China	V34	P59279	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V11	隆平A/R2741 LongpingA/R2741	籼稻indica	中国China	V35	Pokhreli	不详Unknown	不详Unknown
V12	五丰A/Z55 Wufeng A/Z55	籼稻indica	中国China	V36	MR39	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V13	五丰A/R067 Wufeng A/R067	籼稻indica	中国China	V37	DEVARASI::IRGC 16173-1	Centrum-Aus	尼泊尔Nepal
V14	岳4A/R067 Yue 4A/R067	籼稻indica	中国China	V38	77 UPLA::GERVEX 159-C1-G1	粳稻japonica	不详Unknown
V15	100A/R067	籼稻indica	中国China	V39	RPC 12::GERVEX 1505-C1-G1	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V16	R6	籼稻indica	中国China	V40	AN NAN ZAO::IRGC 72576-1	籼稻indica	中国China
V17	R168	籼稻indica	中国China	V41	171::IRGC 29004-1	Centrum-Aus	孟加拉国BAN
V18	R078	籼稻indica	中国China	V42	UPRH 166::IRGC 61615-1	Centrum-Aus	印度尼西亚INA
V19	RC27	籼稻indica	中国China	V43	IBO 400::GERVEX 943-C1-G1	温带粳稻¹⁾	不详Unknown
V20	WD-16343	不详Unknown	不详Unknown	V44	BARI SUTAR::IRGC 52410-1	Centrum-Aus	印度尼西亚INA
V21	IR64	籼稻indica	菲律宾PH	V45	I 814::IRGC 76028-1	籼稻indica	尼泊尔Nepal
V22	广陆矮15 Guangluai 15	籼稻indica	中国China	V46	LAL MOTI::IRGC 82168-1	Centrum-Aus	孟加拉国BAN
V23	E ZI 110::IRGC 70201-1	籼稻indica	中国China	V47	SLO 19::IRGC 35157-1	Centrum-Aus	印度尼西亚INA
V24	MURGI BRINJ::IRGC 73109-1 籼稻indica		巴基斯坦PK	V48	CALENDAL::GERVEX 1516-C1-G1	温带粳稻¹⁾	不详Unknown

品种编号 No.		类型 Type	来源地 Origin	品种编号 No.	名称 Name	类型 Type	来源地 Origin
V01	两优6号Liangyou 6	籼稻indica	中国China	V25	CR 579-1-3::IRGC 45443-2	不详Unknown	不详Unknown
V02	两优9168 Liangyou 9186	籼稻indica	中国China	V26	WAS 170-B-B-1-1::C1-G1	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V03	两优27 Liangyou 27	籼稻indica	中国China	V27	IR 13429-109-2-2-1::IRGC63491-1-1	籼稻indica	菲律宾PH
V04	株两优47 Zhuliangyou 47	籼稻indica	中国China	V28	M 203::IRGC 76309-1-1	温带粳稻¹⁾	美国USA
V05	5113S/R6	籼稻indica	中国China	V29	P1790-5-1M-4-5M-1B-3M-B	籼稻indica	哥伦比亚Columbia
V06	隆平A/R078 Longping A/R078	籼稻indica	中国China	V30	圭630 Gui 630	籼稻indica	中国China
V07	5113S/RC18	籼稻indica	中国China	V31	特青选系Teqingxuanxi	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V08	9802S/RC18	籼稻indica	中国China	V32	IR58025B	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V09	618S/R6	籼稻indica	中国China	V33	BG304	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V10	5113S/R2741	籼稻indica	中国China	V34	P59279	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V11	隆平A/R2741 LongpingA/R2741	籼稻indica	中国China	V35	Pokhreli	不详Unknown	不详Unknown
V12	五丰A/Z55 Wufeng A/Z55	籼稻indica	中国China	V36	MR39	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V13	五丰A/R067 Wufeng A/R067	籼稻indica	中国China	V37	DEVARASI::IRGC 16173-1	Centrum-Aus	尼泊尔Nepal
V14	岳4A/R067 Yue 4A/R067	籼稻indica	中国China	V38	77 UPLA::GERVEX 159-C1-G1	粳稻japonica	不详Unknown
V15	100A/R067	籼稻indica	中国China	V39	RPC 12::GERVEX 1505-C1-G1	籼稻indica	不详Unknown
V16	R6	籼稻indica	中国China	V40	AN NAN ZAO::IRGC 72576-1	籼稻indica	中国China
V17	R168	籼稻indica	中国China	V41	171::IRGC 29004-1	Centrum-Aus	孟加拉国BAN
V18	R078	籼稻indica	中国China	V42	UPRH 166::IRGC 61615-1	Centrum-Aus	印度尼西亚INA
V19	RC27	籼稻indica	中国China	V43	IBO 400::GERVEX 943-C1-G1	温带粳稻¹⁾	不详Unknown
V20	WD-16343	不详Unknown	不详Unknown	V44	BARI SUTAR::IRGC 52410-1	Centrum-Aus	印度尼西亚INA
V21	IR64	籼稻indica	菲律宾PH	V45	I 814::IRGC 76028-1	籼稻indica	尼泊尔Nepal
V22	广陆矮15 Guangluai 15	籼稻indica	中国China	V46	LAL MOTI::IRGC 82168-1	Centrum-Aus	孟加拉国BAN
V23	E ZI 110::IRGC 70201-1	籼稻indica	中国China	V47	SLO 19::IRGC 35157-1	Centrum-Aus	印度尼西亚INA
V24	MURGI BRINJ::IRGC 73109-1 籼稻indica		巴基斯坦PK	V48	CALENDAL::GERVEX 1516-C1-G1	温带粳稻¹⁾	不详Unknown

品种 Variety	第1期 First sowing date	第2期 Second sowing date	第3期 Third sowing date	第4期 Fourth sowing date
V01-V22	04-08	04-18	04-28	05-08
V23-V48	04-18	04-28	05-08	05-18

品种 Variety	第1期 First sowing date	第2期 Second sowing date	第3期 Third sowing date	第4期 Fourth sowing date
V01-V22	04-08	04-18	04-28	05-08
V23-V48	04-18	04-28	05-08	05-18

品种Variety	千粒重1000-grain weight	糙米率Brown rice rate	精米率Milled rice rate	整精米率Head rice rate	垩白粒率Chalky rice rate	垩白度Chalkiness degree	粒长Grain length	粒宽Grain width	长/宽Length/ Width	平均值Average
V01	3.40	1.10	2.96	4.81	42.29	55.45	1.25	0.63	1.46	12.59
V02	2.56	2.12	3.61	6.48	9.90	9.79	4.18	2.66	1.64	4.77
V03	0.86	1.02	0.31	0.67	34.33	41.51	2.84	0.69	3.40	9.51
V04	3.38	1.74	5.37	8.98	43.16	45.35	4.58	2.84	1.72	13.01
V05	6.16	1.01	3.16	10.68	28.55	29.67	3.12	2.16	1.41	9.55
V06	2.09	0.73	2.57	7.14	19.99	13.21	0.82	2.51	2.99	5.78
V07	2.01	0.55	0.26	2.21	24.79	31.35	1.03	1.66	2.69	7.40
V08	2.98	1.74	2.84	4.63	29.13	35.82	1.74	2.36	2.87	9.35
V09	4.55	1.62	3.37	5.20	26.29	31.49	4.55	1.18	3.32	9.06
V10	3.79	3.70	2.78	7.73	16.11	18.89	1.81	1.46	1.89	6.46
V11	0.49	2.54	2.35	2.41	17.42	18.22	2.78	2.77	4.65	5.96
V12	1.73	0.60	0.61	4.24	40.45	46.09	3.03	1.12	3.70	11.29
V13	2.27	1.22	3.43	9.10	14.32	10.75	1.11	0.37	1.25	4.87
V14	4.74	1.11	1.66	7.20	20.28	34.34	2.56	0.44	2.15	8.28
V15	3.54	3.71	4.58	9.85	24.18	23.05	2.42	2.63	1.46	8.38
V16	4.11	5.26	5.66	5.39	24.89	36.93	3.01	2.00	4.32	10.17
V17	8.34	8.14	11.01	22.84	36.33	43.68	6.15	0.44	5.70	15.85
V18	5.53	4.69	5.94	11.86	18.95	24.58	0.72	0.39	0.50	8.13
V19	5.21	1.88	1.55	3.79	6.61	19.38	2.64	3.35	0.79	5.02
V20	4.00	1.54	3.54	6.16	37.33	52.86	1.80	0.73	2.01	12.22
V21	1.15	0.99	1.71	1.84	17.53	29.54	2.85	1.68	1.99	6.59
V22	4.96	1.07	2.48	6.55	3.30	20.40	3.50	1.34	2.33	5.10
V23	5.33	1.75	5.20	9.61	3.25	12.60	1.08	1.89	1.22	4.66
V24	1.83	1.63	1.40	71.59	76.56	71.50	2.02	1.25	1.35	25.46
V25	1.99	1.44	4.52	9.30	61.01	85.46	5.07	2.98	7.62	19.93
V26	1.69	1.51	2.92	7.34	12.43	20.25	1.14	1.46	2.02	5.64
V27	3.35	1.53	2.62	10.56	31.96	24.81	1.76	1.51	3.18	9.03
V28	3.39	0.92	0.82	23.45	88.89	107.05	1.14	1.31	1.74	25.41
V29	8.38	1.23	1.96	26.29	46.55	52.58	0.96	0.14	1.09	15.47
V30	2.35	3.07	3.81	42.82	30.74	41.98	0.93	1.35	0.93	14.22
V31	2.84	3.86	7.75	50.34	23.16	36.93	2.02	1.74	2.62	14.58
V32	3.51	1.64	2.18	60.94	36.82	61.67	3.06	2.76	4.84	19.71
V33	1.81	1.24	2.24	38.69	16.78	24.41	2.17	0.04	2.18	9.95
V34	3.31	3.38	7.01	20.95	6.54	23.81	2.38	1.26	2.77	7.93
V35	4.27	2.39	3.65	21.21	46.55	48.38	3.53	2.08	2.68	14.97
V36	5.37	2.18	2.67	46.88	61.43	67.91	2.56	1.67	3.99	21.63
V37	2.58	1.91	0.31	26.18	26.73	40.79	1.35	2.35	1.56	11.53
V38	2.84	3.05	8.61	31.47	69.56	87.24	3.68	3.23	6.44	24.01
V39	3.41	4.78	8.35	9.48	18.68	33.33	1.81	1.80	3.51	9.46
V40	7.64	3.73	9.77	17.89	3.71	7.80	5.63	3.06	3.43	6.96
V41	4.37	1.73	9.43	17.26	17.28	24.54	2.40	3.38	1.79	9.13
V42	2.43	1.16	5.17	45.84	41.50	32.19	2.20	2.59	1.30	14.93
V43	4.97	1.77	3.71	46.36	25.23	37.06	3.76	6.93	3.83	14.85
V44	2.86	1.67	3.31	3.19	67.93	58.77	4.18	3.73	2.45	16.45
V45	2.94	0.41	1.96	19.26	1.24	10.29	0.82	1.51	1.61	4.45
V46	11.41	2.71	1.41	12.41	42.66	41.59	11.90	1.63	13.25	15.44
V47	5.47	1.54	1.25	14.87	41.44	32.06	1.63	1.88	1.62	11.31
V48	4.55	7.05	10.18	64.94	50.91	63.71	2.60	3.76	1.72	23.27
Mean	3.81	2.24	3.83	18.73	30.95	37.94	2.71	1.93	2.81	11.66