机插同步一次性精量施肥对双季稻养分累积及利用率的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8084

中国水稻科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 436-446.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8084

机插同步一次性精量施肥对双季稻养分累积及利用率的影响

钟雪梅¹, 黄铁平², 彭建伟^1,^*(), 卢文璐³, 康兴蓉¹, 孙梦飞¹, 宋思明⁴, 唐启源¹, 陈裕新⁵, 湛冬至³, 周旋^6,^*()

¹湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 长沙 410128
²湖南省农业委员会, 长沙 410005
³汨罗市农业局, 湖南汨罗 414400
⁴湖南龙舟农机股份有限公司, 湖南汨罗 414400
⁵湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司, 湖南岳阳 414300
⁶湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125

收稿日期:2018-07-16 修回日期:2019-07-09 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-09-10
通讯作者: 彭建伟,周旋
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFD200703-3);国家水稻产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-01-26)

Effects of Machine-transplanting Synchronized with One-time Precision Fertilization on Nutrient Uptake and Use Efficiency of Double Cropping Rice

Xuemei ZHONG¹, Tieping HUANG², Jianwei PENG^1,^*(), Wenlu LU³, Xingrong KANG¹, Mengfei SUN¹, Siming SONG⁴, Qiyuan TANG¹, Yuxin CHEN⁵, Dongzhi ZHAN³, Xuan ZHOU^6,^*()

¹College of Resource 8L Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
²Hunan Provincial Agricultural Committee, Changsha 410005, China
³Miluo Agricultural Bureau, Miluo 414400, China
⁴Hunan Dragon Boat Agricultural Machinery Co. Ltd., Miluo 414400, China
⁵Hunan Jinyezhongwang Technology Co. Ltd., Yueyang 414300, China
⁶Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China

Received:2018-07-16 Revised:2019-07-09 Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-09-10
Contact: Jianwei PENG, Xuan ZHOU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 为保证水稻施肥的准确性,揭示水稻机插与同步一次性侧深减量施肥的养分利用特征,为机插双季稻的氮(N)肥高效利用提供依据。【方法】 在典型双季稻种植区,以测土配方施肥量为依据,结合精量施肥机,2017-2018年研究机插同步一次性精量施肥对双季稻养分吸收和利用的影响。【结果】 与常规施肥处理相比,机插同步一次性减N 10%~30%处理早稻N、P、K累积量分别提高7.9%~11.7%、9.4%~25.9%和2.0%~6.5%(2017),8.2%~15.0%、9.0%~12.1%和14.0%~18.1%(2018);晚稻分别提高-0.6%~5.7%、9.1%~14.4%和3.7%~19.6%(2017),6.1%~8.5%、9.4%~19.3%和18.7%~22.2%(2018);早稻N肥吸收利用率(NRE)、N肥农学利用率(NAE)、N肥偏生产力(NPFP)分别提高38.6%~92.7%、49.9%~103.6%和29.5%~71.7%(2017),35.4%~71.4%、46.0%~98.4%和20.7%~75.4%(2018);晚稻分别提高20.8%~43.1%、31.3%~64.2%和18.3%~48.5% (2017),26.8%~99.1%、60.0%~82.9%和26.6%~60.5%(2018)。其中,早晚稻以减N 20%~30%处理效果较好。水稻机插同步一次性精量施肥随着施N量的降低,双季稻NRE先增加后降低,NHI、NAE和NPFP呈上升趋势,而土壤碱解氮含量呈下降趋势。【结论】通过施肥技术和机插模式的集成与优化,能有效减少稻田N肥施入,利于N、P、K吸收积累,同步提高双季稻的产量和N肥利用效率。

关键词: 双季稻, 机插稻, 侧深施肥, 养分累积, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】 Our aim is to ensure the precision in rice fertilization, and to reveal the nutrient utilization characteristics of machine-transplanted rice under one-time, one-side deep fertilization with reduced nitrogen (N) application level and to improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency for double-cropping rice. 【Method】Field experiments (2017-2018) were conducted using soil-tested formulated fertilization with precise fertilizer distributor to study the effects of one-time precision fertilization on nutrient absorption and utilization of double-cropping rice system in typical growing regions, and to investigate the relationships between nutrient contents and yield.【Result】As compared with conventional fertilization treatment, the accumulations of N, P, K in machine-transplanted early rice under one-time N application rate (reduced by 10%-30%) increased by 7.9%-11.7%, 9.4%-25.9% and 2.0%-6.5% in 2017, 8.2%-15.0%, 6.9%-14.1% and 13.9%-16.7% in 2018, in late rice by -0.6%-5.7%, 9.1%-14.4% and 3.7%-19.6% in 2017, 6.1%-8.5%, 9.4%-19.3% and 18.7%-22.2% in 2018, and N recovery efficiency (NRE), N agronomic efficiency (NAE) and N partial factor productivity (NPFP) in early rice by 38.6%-92.7%, 49.9%-103.6% and 29.49%-103.6% in 2017, 36.9%-85.1%, 46.0%-98.4% and 20.7%-75.4% in 2018, and NRE, NAE, NPFP in late rice by 20.8%-43.1%, 31.3%-64.2% and 18.3%-48.5% in 2017, 26.8%-99.1%, 60.0%-82.9% and 26.6%-60.5% in 2018. The optimum treatment was obtained with a reduction of 20%-30% in N application rate．With the reduction of N application rate, NRE of double-cropping rice first increased then reduced, while NHI, NAE and NPFP were on the rise, and soil alkali-hydrolyzale N declined. 【Conclusion】The integration and optimization of fertilization technology and machine-transplanted technique can effectively reduce N application rate, facilitating N, P, K accumulation and utilization, which is conducive to raise grain yield and N use efficiency of double-cropping rice.

Key words: double cropping rice, machine-transplanted rice, deep fertilization, nutrient uptake, nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

钟雪梅, 黄铁平, 彭建伟, 卢文璐, 康兴蓉, 孙梦飞, 宋思明, 唐启源, 陈裕新, 湛冬至, 周旋. 机插同步一次性精量施肥对双季稻养分累积及利用率的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(5): 436-446.

Xuemei ZHONG, Tieping HUANG, Jianwei PENG, Wenlu LU, Xingrong KANG, Mengfei SUN, Siming SONG, Qiyuan TANG, Yuxin CHEN, Dongzhi ZHAN, Xuan ZHOU. Effects of Machine-transplanting Synchronized with One-time Precision Fertilization on Nutrient Uptake and Use Efficiency of Double Cropping Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(5): 436-446.

图/表 8

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稻季 Season	处理 Treatment	基肥 Base fertilizer	分蘖肥 Tillering fertilizer
早稻 Early rice	T₁	复混肥 Compound fertilizer(20-10-10) 450 kg/hm²	尿素130.5 kg/hm²+氯化钾75.0 kg/hm² Urea 130.5 kg/hm²+KCl 75.0 kg/hm²
早稻 Early rice	T₂	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(26.1-8.7-17.4) 517.3 kg/hm²
	T₃	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(24.8-9.3-18.6) 483.9 kg/hm²
	T₄	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(23.1-9.9-19.8) 454.6 kg/hm²
	T₅	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(21.0-10.5-21.0) 428.6 kg/hm²
	CK	过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate 375.0 kg/hm²+氯化钾KCl 75.0 kg/hm²	氯化钾75.0 kg/hm² KCl 75.0 kg/hm²
晚稻 Late rice	T₁	复混肥 Compound fertilizer(20-8-12) 450 kg/hm²	尿素130.5 kg/hm²+氯化钾75.0 kg/hm² Urea 130.5 kg/hm²+KCl 75.0 kg/hm²
晚稻 Late rice	T₂	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(28.9-7-17.5) 514.05 kg/hm²
	T₃	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(27.1-7.4-18.5) 486.45 kg/hm²
	T₄	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(25.4-7.9-19.8) 455.7 kg/hm²
	T₅	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(23.1-8.4-21) 428.55 kg/hm²
	CK	过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate 300.0 kg/hm²+氯化钾KCl 75.0 kg/hm²	氯化钾75.0 kg/hm² KCl 75.0 kg/hm²

稻季 Season	处理 Treatment	基肥 Base fertilizer	分蘖肥 Tillering fertilizer
早稻 Early rice	T₁	复混肥 Compound fertilizer(20-10-10) 450 kg/hm²	尿素130.5 kg/hm²+氯化钾75.0 kg/hm² Urea 130.5 kg/hm²+KCl 75.0 kg/hm²
早稻 Early rice	T₂	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(26.1-8.7-17.4) 517.3 kg/hm²
	T₃	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(24.8-9.3-18.6) 483.9 kg/hm²
	T₄	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(23.1-9.9-19.8) 454.6 kg/hm²
	T₅	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(21.0-10.5-21.0) 428.6 kg/hm²
	CK	过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate 375.0 kg/hm²+氯化钾KCl 75.0 kg/hm²	氯化钾75.0 kg/hm² KCl 75.0 kg/hm²
晚稻 Late rice	T₁	复混肥 Compound fertilizer(20-8-12) 450 kg/hm²	尿素130.5 kg/hm²+氯化钾75.0 kg/hm² Urea 130.5 kg/hm²+KCl 75.0 kg/hm²
晚稻 Late rice	T₂	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(28.9-7-17.5) 514.05 kg/hm²
	T₃	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(27.1-7.4-18.5) 486.45 kg/hm²
	T₄	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(25.4-7.9-19.8) 455.7 kg/hm²
	T₅	水稻生产专用肥 Special fertilizer(23.1-8.4-21) 428.55 kg/hm²
	CK	过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate 300.0 kg/hm²+氯化钾KCl 75.0 kg/hm²	氯化钾75.0 kg/hm² KCl 75.0 kg/hm²

年份 Year	稻季 Season	处理 Treatment		各生育期干物质量 Dry matter accumulation at different growth stages/(t∙hm^-2)				收获指数 HI/%
年份 Year	稻季 Season	处理 Treatment		分蘖盛期 MT	抽穗期 HS	灌浆期 FS	成熟期 MS	收获指数 HI/%
2017	早稻Early rice	T₁		0.8 a	3.5 a	6.1 b	12.5 ab	59.4 ab
	早稻Early rice	T₂		0.9 a	4.0 a	6.3 ab	13.4 a	58.1 b
		T₃		0.9 a	4.0 a	6.7 ab	13.5 a	59.7 ab
		T₄		1.0 a	4.1 a	6.9 a	13.7 a	61.0 ab
		T₅		0.8 a	3.5 a	6.3 ab	12.0 b	64.2 a
		CK		0.3 b	1.8 b	3.4 c	9.4 c	61.1 ab
			平均值Average	0.8	3.5	5.9	12.4	60.6
	晚稻Late rice	T₁		1.3 ab	6.6 ab	8.8 a	12.8 ab	45.2 b
	晚稻Late rice	T₂		1.4 ab	7.1 a	9.3 a	13.4 ab	45.2 b
		T₃		1.4 a	6.9 ab	9.1 a	13.7 a	46.8 b
		T₄		1.5 a	6.6 ab	9.0 a	12.9 ab	48.1 ab
		T₅		1.2 b	6.0 b	8.2 a	12.4 b	47.9 ab
		CK		0.6 c	2.1 c	4.3 b	10.3 c	53.4 a
			平均值Average	1.2	5.9	8.1	12.6	47.8
2018	早稻Early rice	T₁		1.6 a	4.0 a	11.0 a	14.2 b	46.9 a
	早稻Early rice	T₂		1.5 ab	4.2 a	11.2 a	14.9 ab	48.5 a
		T₃		1.5 abc	4.3 a	11.2 a	15.1 a	51.2 a
		T₄		1.4 bc	4.0 a	10.9 a	14.4 ab	51.3 a
		T₅		1.4 c	3.6 a	10.7 a	13.2 c	53.1 a
		CK		0.8 d	2.1 b	8.5 b	9.6 d	50.1 a
			平均值Average	1.4	3.7	10.6	13.6	50.2
	晚稻Late rice	T₁		4.0 a	6.7 a	12.5 ab	17.9 b	38.4 a
	晚稻Late rice	T₂		2.9 b	6.8 a	13.8 ab	19.0 ab	41.3 a
		T₃		2.5 bc	7.1 a	14.4 a	19.9 a	39.6 a
		T₄		2.5 bcd	7.0 a	12.8 ab	18.9 ab	40.7 a
		T₅		1.8 cd	6.4 a	11.7 b	17.8 b	42.5 a
		CK		1.7 d	4.9 b	8.7 c	13.7 c	45.0 a
			平均值Average	2.5	6.5	12.3	17.9	41.3

年份 Year	稻季 Season	处理 Treatment		各生育期干物质量 Dry matter accumulation at different growth stages/(t∙hm^-2)				收获指数 HI/%
年份 Year	稻季 Season	处理 Treatment		分蘖盛期 MT	抽穗期 HS	灌浆期 FS	成熟期 MS	收获指数 HI/%
2017	早稻Early rice	T₁		0.8 a	3.5 a	6.1 b	12.5 ab	59.4 ab
	早稻Early rice	T₂		0.9 a	4.0 a	6.3 ab	13.4 a	58.1 b
		T₃		0.9 a	4.0 a	6.7 ab	13.5 a	59.7 ab
		T₄		1.0 a	4.1 a	6.9 a	13.7 a	61.0 ab
		T₅		0.8 a	3.5 a	6.3 ab	12.0 b	64.2 a
		CK		0.3 b	1.8 b	3.4 c	9.4 c	61.1 ab
			平均值Average	0.8	3.5	5.9	12.4	60.6
	晚稻Late rice	T₁		1.3 ab	6.6 ab	8.8 a	12.8 ab	45.2 b
	晚稻Late rice	T₂		1.4 ab	7.1 a	9.3 a	13.4 ab	45.2 b
		T₃		1.4 a	6.9 ab	9.1 a	13.7 a	46.8 b
		T₄		1.5 a	6.6 ab	9.0 a	12.9 ab	48.1 ab
		T₅		1.2 b	6.0 b	8.2 a	12.4 b	47.9 ab
		CK		0.6 c	2.1 c	4.3 b	10.3 c	53.4 a
			平均值Average	1.2	5.9	8.1	12.6	47.8
2018	早稻Early rice	T₁		1.6 a	4.0 a	11.0 a	14.2 b	46.9 a
	早稻Early rice	T₂		1.5 ab	4.2 a	11.2 a	14.9 ab	48.5 a
		T₃		1.5 abc	4.3 a	11.2 a	15.1 a	51.2 a
		T₄		1.4 bc	4.0 a	10.9 a	14.4 ab	51.3 a
		T₅		1.4 c	3.6 a	10.7 a	13.2 c	53.1 a
		CK		0.8 d	2.1 b	8.5 b	9.6 d	50.1 a
			平均值Average	1.4	3.7	10.6	13.6	50.2
	晚稻Late rice	T₁		4.0 a	6.7 a	12.5 ab	17.9 b	38.4 a
	晚稻Late rice	T₂		2.9 b	6.8 a	13.8 ab	19.0 ab	41.3 a
		T₃		2.5 bc	7.1 a	14.4 a	19.9 a	39.6 a
		T₄		2.5 bcd	7.0 a	12.8 ab	18.9 ab	40.7 a
		T₅		1.8 cd	6.4 a	11.7 b	17.8 b	42.5 a
		CK		1.7 d	4.9 b	8.7 c	13.7 c	45.0 a
			平均值Average	2.5	6.5	12.3	17.9	41.3

年份 Year	稻季 Season		处理 Treatment	各生育期N素累积量TNA at different stages/(kg∙hm^-2)				N收获指数 NHI/%	抽穗后N素积累 N accumulation after heading/(kg∙hm^-2)	抽穗后N素积累比例 N accumulation ratio after heading/%
年份 Year	稻季 Season		处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期 MT	抽穗期 HS	灌浆期 FS	成熟期 MS	N收获指数 NHI/%	抽穗后N素积累 N accumulation after heading/(kg∙hm^-2)	抽穗后N素积累比例 N accumulation ratio after heading/%
2017	早稻Early rice		T₁	23.3 a	78.4 a	77.8 b	140.5 ab	61.4 a	62.1 a	43.5 b
			T₂	23.7 a	82.8 a	92.1 ab	151.6 ab	60.1 a	68.9 a	45.4 b
			T₃	24.0 a	84.6 a	99.5 a	157.0 a	61.9 a	72.4 a	46.0 b
			T₄	23.5 a	87.8 a	109.4 a	156.2 a	64.0 a	68.4 a	43.9 b
			T₅	22.2 a	67.9 a	99.3 a	132.9 b	66.6 a	65.0 a	49.8 b
			CK	15.9 b	25.6 b	33.9 c	95.4 c	63.6 a	69.8 a	73.2 a
		平均值Average		17.5	71.2	85.3	138.9	62.9	67.8	50.3
	晚稻Late rice		T₁	32.3 ab	99.2 ab	119.6 ab	165.0 a	53.0 a	65.8 a	35.0 b
	晚稻Late rice		T₂	38.4 a	109.4 a	149.9 a	170.7 a	54.0 a	61.3 a	35.9 b
			T₃	40.0 a	108.5 a	144.3 ab	174.4 a	55.2 a	65.9 a	37.6 b
			T₄	37.7 ab	101.7 ab	129.6 ab	163.9 a	55.8 a	62.2 a	37.8 b
			T₅	30.2 b	90.6 b	109.3 b	146.1 ab	54.9 a	55.5 a	38.1 b
			CK	9.6 c	30.1 c	49.1 c	100.0 b	52.8 a	69.9 a	69.5 a
			平均值Average	31.4	89.9	117.0	153.3	54.3	63.4	42.3
2018	早稻Early rice		T₁	27.8 a	92.6 a	103.2 a	150.2 ab	54.0 a	57.6 a	37.9 b
	早稻Early rice		T₂	23.1 b	94.1 a	120.4 a	162.6 ab	57.6 a	68.5 a	41.1 ab
			T₃	22.1 bc	96.8 a	118.7 a	172.8 a	61.3 a	76.1 a	44.1 ab
			T₄	20.3 bc	89.9 a	111.7 a	168.1 ab	58.6 a	78.2 a	46.2 ab
			T₅	19.1 c	78.9 a	101.3 a	143.4 b	57.6 a	71.7 a	45.0 ab
			CK	7.1 d	40.6 b	58.6 b	98.8 c	55.3 a	58.3 a	58.3 a
			平均值Average	19.9	82.2	102.3	149.3	48.6	68.4	45.4
	晚稻Late rice		T₁	96.9 a	134.7 a	152.0 a	195.3 a	49.5 a	50.6 a	31.0 a
	晚稻Late rice		T₂	81.9 ab	150.7 a	174.6 a	207.2 a	46.9 a	56.5 a	26.6 a
			T₃	68.6 bc	154.3 a	176.4 a	211.9 a	44.7 a	57.6 a	27.7 a
			T₄	72.4 abc	147.6 a	156.7 a	207.1 a	48.6 a	59.5 a	28.8 a
			T₅	48.2 cd	127.1 a	140.6 ab	192.4 a	48.9 a	75.9 a	33.9 a
			CK	37.2 d	83.4 b	97.9 b	153.1 b	52.9 a	69.7 a	45.6 a
			平均值Average	67.6	132.9	149.7	194.5	48.6	61.7	32.3

机插同步一次性精量施肥对双季稻养分累积及利用率的影响

Effects of Machine-transplanting Synchronized with One-time Precision Fertilization on Nutrient Uptake and Use Efficiency of Double Cropping Rice

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年份 Year	稻季 Season	处理 Treatment	氮肥吸收利用率 NRE/%	氮肥农学利用率NAE/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力NPFP/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥生理利用率NPE/(kg·kg^-1)	氮素干物质生产效率 NBPE/(kg·kg^-1)	氮素稻谷生产效率NGPE/(kg·kg^-1)
2017	早稻Early rice	T₁	30.1 b	22.8 d	48.1 d	80.9 a	89.2 b	51.8 a
		T₂	41.6 ab	34.2 c	62.3 c	82.9 a	88.3 b	55.5 a
		T₃	51.3 a	39.8 bc	71.4 b	78.9 a	86.2 b	54.7 a
		T₄	57.9 a	46.4 a	82.6 a	83.3 a	88.0 b	55.7 a
		T₅	41.6 ab	44.7 ab	86.9 a	110.8 a	90.3 b	59.4 a
		CK	-	-	-	-	98.8 a	39.9 b
		平均值Average	44.5	37.6	70.3	87.4	90.1	52.8
	晚稻Late rice	T₁	39.4 a	11.8 b	33.3 c	39.3 a	81.3 b	35.2 a
		T₂	47.6 a	15.5 ab	39.4 c	32.7 a	78.5 b	34.3 a
		T₃	56.3 a	19.4 a	46.2 b	36.2 a	78.6 b	35.1 a
		T₄	55.3 a	18.7 a	49.4 b	39.0 a	80.0 b	35.3 a
		T₅	46.5 a	20.4 a	56.2 a	45.4 a	85.1 b	38.3 a
		CK	-	-	-	-	103.7 a	35.6 a
		平均值Average	49.0	17.1	44.9	38.5	84.5	35.6
2018	早稻Early rice	T₁	33.1 b	12.2 c	44.4 e	49.0 a	99.4 a	45.0 a
		T₂	44.9 ab	17.9 bc	53.6 d	38.3 a	92.0 ab	44.9 a
		T₃	56.8 a	22.3 ab	62.5 c	37.2 a	84.8 ab	43.4 a
		T₄	53.7 a	24.3 a	70.2 b	38.4 a	83.8 b	43.9 a
		T₅	45.9 ab	22.8 ab	77.8 a	50.4 a	88.6 ab	47.0 a
		CK	-	-	-	-	97.9 ab	49.0 a
		平均值Average	46.9	19.9	61.7	42.7	91.1	45.6
	晚稻Late rice	T₁	26.1 b	6.5 d	41.7 d	23.1 a	93.8 a	37.5 a
		T₂	33.0 b	10.3 c	52.8 cd	31.1 a	92.8 a	38.1 a
		T₃	51.9 a	11.8 b	60.0 bc	35.7 a	94.9 a	37.7 a
		T₄	46.7 a	11.8 b	67.0 ab	29.5 a	91.8 a	37.6 a
		T₅	45.2 a	12.8 a	76.3 a	31.0 a	89.1 a	37.4 a
		CK	-	-	-	-	89.8 a	40.3 a
		平均值Average	40.6	10.7	59.6	30.1	92.0	38.1

年份 Year	稻季 Season	处理 Treatment	氮肥吸收利用率 NRE/%	氮肥农学利用率NAE/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力NPFP/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥生理利用率NPE/(kg·kg^-1)	氮素干物质生产效率 NBPE/(kg·kg^-1)	氮素稻谷生产效率NGPE/(kg·kg^-1)
2017	早稻Early rice	T₁	30.1 b	22.8 d	48.1 d	80.9 a	89.2 b	51.8 a
		T₂	41.6 ab	34.2 c	62.3 c	82.9 a	88.3 b	55.5 a
		T₃	51.3 a	39.8 bc	71.4 b	78.9 a	86.2 b	54.7 a
		T₄	57.9 a	46.4 a	82.6 a	83.3 a	88.0 b	55.7 a
		T₅	41.6 ab	44.7 ab	86.9 a	110.8 a	90.3 b	59.4 a
		CK	-	-	-	-	98.8 a	39.9 b
		平均值Average	44.5	37.6	70.3	87.4	90.1	52.8
	晚稻Late rice	T₁	39.4 a	11.8 b	33.3 c	39.3 a	81.3 b	35.2 a
		T₂	47.6 a	15.5 ab	39.4 c	32.7 a	78.5 b	34.3 a
		T₃	56.3 a	19.4 a	46.2 b	36.2 a	78.6 b	35.1 a
		T₄	55.3 a	18.7 a	49.4 b	39.0 a	80.0 b	35.3 a
		T₅	46.5 a	20.4 a	56.2 a	45.4 a	85.1 b	38.3 a
		CK	-	-	-	-	103.7 a	35.6 a
		平均值Average	49.0	17.1	44.9	38.5	84.5	35.6
2018	早稻Early rice	T₁	33.1 b	12.2 c	44.4 e	49.0 a	99.4 a	45.0 a
		T₂	44.9 ab	17.9 bc	53.6 d	38.3 a	92.0 ab	44.9 a
		T₃	56.8 a	22.3 ab	62.5 c	37.2 a	84.8 ab	43.4 a
		T₄	53.7 a	24.3 a	70.2 b	38.4 a	83.8 b	43.9 a
		T₅	45.9 ab	22.8 ab	77.8 a	50.4 a	88.6 ab	47.0 a
		CK	-	-	-	-	97.9 ab	49.0 a
		平均值Average	46.9	19.9	61.7	42.7	91.1	45.6
	晚稻Late rice	T₁	26.1 b	6.5 d	41.7 d	23.1 a	93.8 a	37.5 a
		T₂	33.0 b	10.3 c	52.8 cd	31.1 a	92.8 a	38.1 a
		T₃	51.9 a	11.8 b	60.0 bc	35.7 a	94.9 a	37.7 a
		T₄	46.7 a	11.8 b	67.0 ab	29.5 a	91.8 a	37.6 a
		T₅	45.2 a	12.8 a	76.3 a	31.0 a	89.1 a	37.4 a
		CK	-	-	-	-	89.8 a	40.3 a
		平均值Average	40.6	10.7	59.6	30.1	92.0	38.1

年份 Year	稻季 Season	处理 Treatment	各生育期P素累积量Total P accumulation at different stages/(kg·hm^-2)				P收获指数 P harvest index/%
年份 Year	稻季 Season	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期MT	抽穗期HS	灌浆期FS	成熟期MS	P收获指数 P harvest index/%
2017	早稻Early rice	T₁	3.7 a	8.6 a	27.1 a	49.5 c	72.9 a
		T₂	4.2 a	9.8 a	27.7 a	54.1 abc	67.2 abc
		T₃	4.7 a	10.2 a	30.2 a	58.0 ab	65.9 bc
		T₄	5.1 a	11.1 a	31.9 a	62.3 a	67.2 abc
		T₅	4.1 a	9.0 a	28.0 a	51.2 bc	71.8 ab
		CK	1.5 b	3.5 b	13.8 b	33.7 d	64.8 c
		平均值Average	3.9	8.7	26.5	51.4	68.3
	晚稻Late rice	T₁	3.0 a	8.9 b	31.5 a	25.2 ab	55.1 a
		T₂	3.9 a	14.7 a	33.0 a	27.5 ab	52.7 a
		T₃	4.1 a	14.9 a	33.4 a	28.9 a	52.9 a
		T₄	4.1 a	14.3 a	32.7 a	27.8 ab	56.9 a
		T₅	3.6 a	9.8 b	30.5 a	26.0 ab	57.0 a
		CK	1.3 b	3.2 c	15.1 a	20.8 b	64.1 a
		平均值Average	3.3	11.0	29.4	26.0	56.4
2018	早稻Early rice	T₁	6.4 a	14.8 a	29.6 ab	42.7 c	56.1 a
		T₂	5.3 bc	15.8 a	31.9 ab	46.2 ab	54.5 a
		T₃	5.4 bc	16.1 a	34.3 a	47.9 a	53.6 a
		T₄	5.4 b	16.0 a	32.3 a	46.6 ab	56.2 a
		T₅	5.0 c	14.2 a	30.3 ab	44.6 bc	54.3 a
		CK	3.6 d	7.7 b	27.0 b	32.3 d	47.8 b
		平均值Average	5.2	14.1	30.9	43.4	53.8
	晚稻Late rice	T₁	15.6 a	28.2 a	32.1 b	34.5 a	35.8 a
		T₂	10.7 b	31.1 a	37.7 a	37.7 a	34.3 a
		T₃	10.7 b	32.7 a	39.0 a	41.1 a	32.5 a
		T₄	9.9 bc	31.0 a	36.4 ab	38.5 a	34.6 a
		T₅	6.9 bc	28.4 a	33.9 ab	35.1 a	37.2 a
		CK	6.5 c	19.4 b	21.9 c	25.7 b	37.7 a
		平均值Average	10.1	28.5	33.5	35.4	35.3

年份 Year	稻季 Season	处理 Treatment	各生育期P素累积量Total P accumulation at different stages/(kg·hm^-2)				P收获指数 P harvest index/%
年份 Year	稻季 Season	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期MT	抽穗期HS	灌浆期FS	成熟期MS	P收获指数 P harvest index/%
2017	早稻Early rice	T₁	3.7 a	8.6 a	27.1 a	49.5 c	72.9 a
		T₂	4.2 a	9.8 a	27.7 a	54.1 abc	67.2 abc
		T₃	4.7 a	10.2 a	30.2 a	58.0 ab	65.9 bc
		T₄	5.1 a	11.1 a	31.9 a	62.3 a	67.2 abc
		T₅	4.1 a	9.0 a	28.0 a	51.2 bc	71.8 ab
		CK	1.5 b	3.5 b	13.8 b	33.7 d	64.8 c
		平均值Average	3.9	8.7	26.5	51.4	68.3
	晚稻Late rice	T₁	3.0 a	8.9 b	31.5 a	25.2 ab	55.1 a
		T₂	3.9 a	14.7 a	33.0 a	27.5 ab	52.7 a
		T₃	4.1 a	14.9 a	33.4 a	28.9 a	52.9 a
		T₄	4.1 a	14.3 a	32.7 a	27.8 ab	56.9 a
		T₅	3.6 a	9.8 b	30.5 a	26.0 ab	57.0 a
		CK	1.3 b	3.2 c	15.1 a	20.8 b	64.1 a
		平均值Average	3.3	11.0	29.4	26.0	56.4
2018	早稻Early rice	T₁	6.4 a	14.8 a	29.6 ab	42.7 c	56.1 a
		T₂	5.3 bc	15.8 a	31.9 ab	46.2 ab	54.5 a
		T₃	5.4 bc	16.1 a	34.3 a	47.9 a	53.6 a
		T₄	5.4 b	16.0 a	32.3 a	46.6 ab	56.2 a
		T₅	5.0 c	14.2 a	30.3 ab	44.6 bc	54.3 a
		CK	3.6 d	7.7 b	27.0 b	32.3 d	47.8 b
		平均值Average	5.2	14.1	30.9	43.4	53.8
	晚稻Late rice	T₁	15.6 a	28.2 a	32.1 b	34.5 a	35.8 a
		T₂	10.7 b	31.1 a	37.7 a	37.7 a	34.3 a
		T₃	10.7 b	32.7 a	39.0 a	41.1 a	32.5 a
		T₄	9.9 bc	31.0 a	36.4 ab	38.5 a	34.6 a
		T₅	6.9 bc	28.4 a	33.9 ab	35.1 a	37.2 a
		CK	6.5 c	19.4 b	21.9 c	25.7 b	37.7 a
		平均值Average	10.1	28.5	33.5	35.4	35.3