施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对东北粳稻稻米品质的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.9014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨不同灌溉方式和氮肥对水稻品质的影响及其互作效应。【方法】以常规粳稻沈稻47和杂交粳稻粳优586为材料,进行防雨棚盆栽试验,设置浅水层灌溉、浅湿灌溉、轻干湿交替灌溉和重干湿交替灌溉4种灌溉方式及正常施氮(normal nitrogen, NN, 180 kg/hm²)和高氮(high nitrogen, HN, 220 kg/hm²)2种氮肥水平,研究不同肥水处理对稻米品质的影响。【结果】灌溉方式和施氮量对稻米品质有明显的互作效应,在正常施氮和高氮水平下,稻米的加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质均以轻干湿交替灌溉为佳。正常施氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉下稻米的整精米率、胶稠度、最高黏度和崩解值低于浅水层灌溉,而其垩白度、垩白粒率、直链淀粉含量及消减值却高于浅水层灌溉。高氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉处理的加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质优于浅水层灌溉,但二者间差异不显著。灌溉方式对氨基酸的影响因施氮量和品种的不同而存在差异。常规施氮水平下,轻干湿交替灌溉显著提高了稻米的总氨基酸含量;高氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉显著提高了沈稻47的氨基酸总量,而粳优586总氨基酸含量则在轻干湿交替灌溉处理下取得较高值,必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量与总氨基酸含量趋势一致。【结论】轻干湿交替灌溉方式可以改善稻米品质。在本研究条件下,沈稻47和粳优586分别以轻干湿交替灌溉和施氮量为180 kg/hm²和施氮量为220 kg/hm²时,米质较好。

关键词: 水稻, 灌溉方式, 氮肥, 稻米品质

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to elucidate the effects of nitrogen rates and irrigation regimes and their interactions on grain quality of rice. 【Method】Two rice cultivars, Shendao 47 (an inbred japonica cultivar) and Jingyou 586 (a hybrid japonica combination), were grown in pots. Four irrigation regimes, continuous flooded (CF), shallow-wet irrigation (SWI), alternate wetting and moderate drying (WMD) and alternate wetting and severe drying (WSD), and two nitrogen (N) rates, normal amount of N (NN, 180 kg/hm²), and high amount of N (HN, 220 kg/hm²), were designed during the whole growing season. 【Result】The interactions between N rates and irrigation regimes significantly affected grain quality of rice. The milling quality, appearance quality, nutrition quality and cooking and eating quality were better under WMD regime regardless of N rate. Under the NN treatment, the WSD regime decreased head rice rate, gel consistency, the peak viscosity and breakdown but increased the percentage of chalky grain and chalkiness, amylose content and setback as compared with the CF regime. Under the HN treatment, the grain quality of rice was slightly better under the WSD regime than under the CF regime, however, the differences in grain quality between the two irrigation regimes were not significant. The effects of irrigation regimes on total amino acid concentrations varied with N rates and cultivars. Under the NN rate, the WMD regime increased the total amino acid concentrations of both rice cultivars; under the HN rate, the WSD regime significantly increased the total amino acid concentrations of Shendao 47, while Jingyou 586 had higher total amino acid concentrations, and the concentrations of essential and non-essential amino acids followed the same trend as those of total amino acids. 【Conclusion】The WMD improved grain quality of the rice cultivars. To achieve high rice quality, the combinations between WMD and NN, and between WMD and HN were recommended for inbred rice Shendao 47 and hybrid rice Jingyou 586, respectively.

Key words: rice, irrigation regime, nitrogen fertilizer, grain quality

中图分类号:

周婵婵, 黄元财, 贾宝艳, 王岩, 李瑞峰, 王术, 冯跃, Fugen Dou. 施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对东北粳稻稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(4): 357-367.

Chanchan ZHOU, Yuancai HUANG, Baoyan JIA, Yan WANG, Ruifeng LI, Shu WANG, Yue FENG, DOU Fugen. Effect of Interaction Between Nitrogen Rate and Irrigation Regime on Grain Quality of japonica Rice in Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(4): 357-367.

图/表 9

参考文献 29

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品种 Cultivar		糙米率 Brown rice rate		精米率 Milled rice rate		整精米率 Head rice rate
沈稻47 Shendao 47	NN-CF		81.83 a		74.35 a		67.81 b
	NN-SWI		82.41 a		75.56 a		69.91 a
	NN-WMD		81.95 a		74.75 a		68.14 ab
	NN-WSD		81.71 a		70.41 b		59.85 c
	HN-CF		80.54 b		66.99 c		54.08 d
	HN-SWI		82.34 a		75.51 a		69.14 ab
	HN-WMD		82.02 a		75.31 a		69.01 ab
	HN-WSD		81.87 a		74.69 a		67.71 b
	平均值Mean		81.84 B		73.45 B		65.71 B
粳优586 Jingyou 586	NN-CF		82.28 abc		73.15 cd		64.92 bc
	NN-SWI		81.29 c		72.01 d		63.36 c
	NN-WMD		82.88 ab		75.23 ab		69.21 a
	NN-WSD		82.86 ab		75.40 ab		69.36 a
	HN-CF		81.84 bc		74.31 bc		66.31 b
	HN-SWI		83.24 a		75.72 ab		69.04 a
	HN-WMD		83.08 a		76.04 a		69.68 a
	HN-WSD		82.40 abc		74.47 bc		68.54 ab
	平均值Mean		82.49 A		74.55 A		67.56 A
方差分析Analysis of variance
品种Cultivar (C)		**		**		**
施氮量Nitrogen rate (N)		ns		ns		*
灌溉方式Irrigation regime (I)		ns		**		**
C×N		ns		**		**
C×I		ns		**		**
N×I		*		**		**
C×N×I		*		**		**

品种 Cultivar		糙米率 Brown rice rate		精米率 Milled rice rate		整精米率 Head rice rate
沈稻47 Shendao 47	NN-CF		81.83 a		74.35 a		67.81 b
	NN-SWI		82.41 a		75.56 a		69.91 a
	NN-WMD		81.95 a		74.75 a		68.14 ab
	NN-WSD		81.71 a		70.41 b		59.85 c
	HN-CF		80.54 b		66.99 c		54.08 d
	HN-SWI		82.34 a		75.51 a		69.14 ab
	HN-WMD		82.02 a		75.31 a		69.01 ab
	HN-WSD		81.87 a		74.69 a		67.71 b
	平均值Mean		81.84 B		73.45 B		65.71 B
粳优586 Jingyou 586	NN-CF		82.28 abc		73.15 cd		64.92 bc
	NN-SWI		81.29 c		72.01 d		63.36 c
	NN-WMD		82.88 ab		75.23 ab		69.21 a
	NN-WSD		82.86 ab		75.40 ab		69.36 a
	HN-CF		81.84 bc		74.31 bc		66.31 b
	HN-SWI		83.24 a		75.72 ab		69.04 a
	HN-WMD		83.08 a		76.04 a		69.68 a
	HN-WSD		82.40 abc		74.47 bc		68.54 ab
	平均值Mean		82.49 A		74.55 A		67.56 A
方差分析Analysis of variance
品种Cultivar (C)		**		**		**
施氮量Nitrogen rate (N)		ns		ns		*
灌溉方式Irrigation regime (I)		ns		**		**
C×N		ns		**		**
C×I		ns		**		**
N×I		*		**		**
C×N×I		*		**		**

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment			垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate/%
沈稻47 Shendao 47	NN-CF		1.98 a		5.24 bc		1.89 b
	NN-SWI		1.97 a		3.51 d		1.84 b
	NN-WMD		1.99 a		4.80 bcd		0.92 e
	NN-WSD		2.02 a		5.76 b		2.11 a
	HN-CF		2.07 a		7.18 a		1.54 c
	HN-SWI		1.99 a		4.11 cd		1.13 d
	HN-WMD		1.99 a		4.60 bcd		0.93 e
	HN-WSD		2.01 a		5.08 bc		1.04 d
	平均值Mean		2.00 B		5.04 B		1.43 B
粳优586 Jingyou 586	NN-CF		2.05 a		16.54 ab		4.15 a
	NN-SWI		2.05 a		16.12 b		3.54 b
	NN-WMD		2.08 a		14.39 c		3.19 bc
	NN-WSD		2.06 a		17.41 ab		4.17 a
	HN-CF		2.08 a		17.77 a		3.25 bc
	HN-SWI		2.07 a		16.69 ab		3.46 b
	HN-WMD		2.07 a		14.17 c		2.84 c
	HN-WSD		2.06 a		16.39 ab		3.21 bc
	平均值Mean		2.06 A		16.19 A		3.48 A
方差分析Analysis of variance
品种Cultivar (C)		*		**		**
施氮量Nitrogen rate (N)		ns		ns		**
灌溉方式Irrigation regime (I)		ns		**		**
C×N		ns		ns		ns
C×I		ns		**		**
N×I		ns		**		*
C×N×I		ns		ns		*

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment			垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate/%
沈稻47 Shendao 47	NN-CF		1.98 a		5.24 bc		1.89 b
	NN-SWI		1.97 a		3.51 d		1.84 b
	NN-WMD		1.99 a		4.80 bcd		0.92 e
	NN-WSD		2.02 a		5.76 b		2.11 a
	HN-CF		2.07 a		7.18 a		1.54 c
	HN-SWI		1.99 a		4.11 cd		1.13 d
	HN-WMD		1.99 a		4.60 bcd		0.93 e
	HN-WSD		2.01 a		5.08 bc		1.04 d
	平均值Mean		2.00 B		5.04 B		1.43 B
粳优586 Jingyou 586	NN-CF		2.05 a		16.54 ab		4.15 a
	NN-SWI		2.05 a		16.12 b		3.54 b
	NN-WMD		2.08 a		14.39 c		3.19 bc
	NN-WSD		2.06 a		17.41 ab		4.17 a
	HN-CF		2.08 a		17.77 a		3.25 bc
	HN-SWI		2.07 a		16.69 ab		3.46 b
	HN-WMD		2.07 a		14.17 c		2.84 c
	HN-WSD		2.06 a		16.39 ab		3.21 bc
	平均值Mean		2.06 A		16.19 A		3.48 A
方差分析Analysis of variance
品种Cultivar (C)		*		**		**
施氮量Nitrogen rate (N)		ns		ns		**
灌溉方式Irrigation regime (I)		ns		**		**
C×N		ns		ns		ns
C×I		ns		**		**
N×I		ns		**		*
C×N×I		ns		ns		*

品种 Cultivar
沈稻47 Shendao 47	NN-CF	6.33 e		60.76 f		18.43 d		42.33 f
	NN-SWI	6.93 d		66.09 e		20.25 c		45.84 e
	NN-WMD	7.30 bc		72.19 bc		21.93 b		50.26 bc
	NN-WSD	7.47 b		69.84 cd		20.97 bc		48.87 cd
	HN-CF	7.00 cd		68.88 d		20.83 bc		48.05 d
	HN-SWI	7.47 b		69.31 d		21.38 bc		47.93 d
	HN-WMD	7.90 a		73.04 b		21.45 b		51.60 b
	HN-WSD	8.17 a		81.12 a		24.45 a		56.68 a
	平均值Mean	7.33 B		70.15 A		21.21 A		48.94 A
粳优586 Jingyou 586	NN-CF	6.83 d		58.87 f		17.61 e		41.26 f
	NN-SWI	7.50 bc		64.33 e		19.37 d		44.96 e
	NN-WMD	7.80 b		70.09 cd		21.25 c		48.84 c
	NN-WSD	7.60 bc		70.78 cd		21.23 c		49.54 c
	HN-CF	7.27 c		68.26 d		21.28 c		46.98 d
	HN-SWI	7.60 bc		72.33 c		22.15 c		50.19 c
	HN-WMD	8.27 a		80.81 a		24.80 a		56.00 a
	HN-WSD	8.13 a		76.92 b		23.48 b		53.44 b
	平均值Mean	7.63 A		70.30 A		21.40 A		48.90 A
方差分析Analysis of variance
品种Cultivar (C)			**		ns		ns		ns
施氮量Nitrogen rate (N)			**		**		**		**
灌溉方式Irrigation regime (I)			**		**		**		**
C×N			*		**		**		*
C×I			ns		**		*		**
N×I			ns		*		*		*
C×N×I			*		**		**		**