高温和干旱对水稻的影响及其机制的研究进展

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8106

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高温和干旱是影响水稻生长、发育、产量和品质的两个最重要的环境因子,全面理解高温和干旱胁迫对评价气候变化对水稻生产的影响至关重要。概述了高温、干旱及其复合胁迫对水稻生长发育、产量形成和稻米品质的影响;从光合作用、抗氧化系统、内源激素、蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性、分子机制等方面阐述其生理机制;提出减轻水稻高温干旱胁迫的调控措施;对未来深入开展水稻高温干旱逆境的研究提出建议。

关键词: 水稻, 高温, 干旱, 高温干旱复合胁迫, 产量, 品质, 生理机制

Abstract:

Heat and drought are two major environmental stresses that affect rice growth, productivity, and grain quality. a comprehensive understanding of which is critical to evaluate the impacts of climate change on crop production. We review the independent and combined effects of heat and drought on rice growth, yield, and grain quality, demonstrate the possible mechanisms involved from multiple perspectives, such as photosynthesis, antioxidant system, endogenous hormones, activities of the key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion, and molecular profiling, proposes reasonable strategies to mitigate the stress of environmental heterogeneity, and provide considerable suggestions for future study.

Key words: rice, heat, drought, combined heat and drought, grain yield, quality, physiological mechanism

中图分类号:

段骅, 佟卉, 刘燕清, 许庆芬, 马骏, 王春敏. 高温和干旱对水稻的影响及其机制的研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(3): 206-218.

Hua DUAN, Hui TONG, Yanqing LIU, Qingfen XU, Jun MA, Chunmin WANG. Research Advances in the Effect of Heat and Drought on Rice and Its Mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(3): 206-218.

图/表 2

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生育期 Growth stage	高温 Heat	干旱 Drought
营养生长期Vegetative	增加株高、分蘖数、叶面积和地上部干物质量^[19]	降低光合作用和气孔导度^[21]; 降低叶面积和叶片数^[20],叶片易卷曲^[21]; 降低穗数和生物量^[36];
生殖生长期Reproductive	花时提前^{[16, 47]};花峰集中^[48];缩短花期^[23]; 降低花药开裂率、花粉萌发率和花粉活力^[17]; 降低光合速率^[49]; 降低结实率和产量^[15,16,17]	延长花时^[50],延长花期^[17]; 降低可育花粉数量,花药开裂异常^{[12, 22]}; 降低光合速率^[51]、叶面积、株高和收获指数^{[22, 52]}; 降低结实率和产量^[15,16,17];
灌浆结实期Grain-filling	增加灌浆速率,缩短灌浆持续时间,提前灌浆进程, 降低粒重,灌浆不充实^[18]; 降低整精米率^{[42, 43]};增加垩白粒率和垩白度^[11]	叶片早衰,缩短灌浆持续时间,限制同化物供应^{[21, 53]}; 降低粒重^[45]; 降低整精米率,增加垩白粒率和垩白度^{[21, 45]}

生育期 Growth stage	高温 Heat	干旱 Drought
营养生长期Vegetative	增加株高、分蘖数、叶面积和地上部干物质量^[19]	降低光合作用和气孔导度^[21]; 降低叶面积和叶片数^[20],叶片易卷曲^[21]; 降低穗数和生物量^[36];
生殖生长期Reproductive	花时提前^{[16, 47]};花峰集中^[48];缩短花期^[23]; 降低花药开裂率、花粉萌发率和花粉活力^[17]; 降低光合速率^[49]; 降低结实率和产量^[15,16,17]	延长花时^[50],延长花期^[17]; 降低可育花粉数量,花药开裂异常^{[12, 22]}; 降低光合速率^[51]、叶面积、株高和收获指数^{[22, 52]}; 降低结实率和产量^[15,16,17];
灌浆结实期Grain-filling	增加灌浆速率,缩短灌浆持续时间,提前灌浆进程, 降低粒重,灌浆不充实^[18]; 降低整精米率^{[42, 43]};增加垩白粒率和垩白度^[11]	叶片早衰,缩短灌浆持续时间,限制同化物供应^{[21, 53]}; 降低粒重^[45]; 降低整精米率,增加垩白粒率和垩白度^{[21, 45]}