超级杂交稻两优培九的广适性分析

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8132

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻广适性的内涵目前尚不明确,其筛选指标和鉴定方法也未见详细报道。两系法超级杂交稻两优培九已在南方稻区广范围、大面积种植近二十年,是2002年以来种植面积遥居首位的杂交稻。在总结和分析与其广适性密切相关农艺特性的研究和生产实践的基础上,提出杂交水稻广适性的内涵应包括两个方面：一是生态适应性广,即适宜生长的地域特别是纬度范围较大,这需要品种感光性不强,并且对不同生态稻区主要病害有一定的抗性或耐性,另外还要求在不同生态稻区生长的株高、叶角等植株形态和稻米品质等重要性状(变幅)能符合当地农业生态和农业经济的要求;二是环境适应性好,即对各生态区的环境因子(光照强度、温度和土壤水分、主要养分、盐度、pH)及其变化都能较好适应,对强弱光、高低温、水分胁迫、酸碱盐土等主要逆境有一定的耐受力,因播期、密度和肥料管理带来环境差异而造成的影响也不大。

关键词: 超级杂交稻, 两优培九, 广适性, 农艺性状, 育种

Abstract:

The implication of eurytopicity of hybrid rice remains unclear, and the screening indicators and identification methods have not been reported in detail. A two-line super hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu has been extensively grown in southern China for many years. Here, we reviewed the eurytopicity of Liangyoupeijiu and proposed methods of selection for rice better adaptability. Based on the characteristics of Liangyoupeijiu, the intrinsic mechanism and scientific implication of eurytopicity were summarized in two aspects. One is the wide adaptability to ecological factors including weak sensitivity to photoperiod, resistance to pathogens, as well as the plant height, leaf angle, and grain quality produced in the areas that can meet the requirements of agricultural ecology and economy. The other is the wide adaptability to environmental factors including tolerance to light intensity, air temperature, and moisture, nutrients, salinity, pH in soils, as well as resilience to planting date, planting density, and fertilizer management. Novel hybrid rice should be selected accordingly.

Key words: super hybrid rice, Liangyoupeijiu, eurytopicity, agronomic trait, breeding

中图分类号:

S511.0351

吕川根, 李霞, 宗寿余, 邹江石. 超级杂交稻两优培九的广适性分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(3): 191-205.

Chuangen LÜ, Xia LI, Shouyu ZONG, Jiangshi ZOU. Analysis of the Eurytopicity of Super Hybrid Rice Liangyoupeijiu[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(3): 191-205.

图/表 5

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稻作区 Rice planting area	亚区 Subregion	代表性地区 Representative area	种植方式 Planting type	全生育期（与汕优63或其他当家杂交稻比） Growth duration (Compared with Shanyou 63 or other major hybrid rice)/d
稻作区 Rice planting area	亚区 Subregion	代表性地区 Representative area	种植方式 Planting type	中稻 Mid-rice	早稻 Early rice		晚稻 Late rice
华南双季稻稻作区(Ⅰ)	闽粤桂台平原丘陵亚区(Ⅰ1)	广东广州, 广西南宁	双季稻			130(+3) 132~134		115(+3) 116~121
	琼雷台地平原亚区(Ⅰ3)	海南海口	双季稻			130		117~122
华中双单季稻稻作区(Ⅱ)	长江中下游亚区(Ⅱ1)	苏中苏南地区, 安徽淮河流域, 河南信阳地区, 湖北江汉平原	单季中稻	140~156(+3~5)
	川陕盆地亚区(Ⅱ2)	四川江油、达州, 陕西安康地区	单季中稻	143~155(+3~5) 157~163(+5~7)
	江南丘陵亚区(Ⅱ3)	浙江温州、台州, 福建武夷、尤溪, 江西赣州、萍乡, 湖南长沙、吉首, 广东蕉岭、梅州	单季中稻或双季晚稻	140~145(+3~5) 140~145(+3) 144~146(+6) 140~153(+4~9) 145				130~135(+3~5) 130(+3) 133~135(+6) 113~122
西南高原单双季稻稻作区(Ⅲ)	黔东湘西山地亚区(Ⅲ1) 滇川高原岭谷亚区(Ⅲ2)	贵州遵义云南永胜	单季中稻单季中稻	180 162(+1~3)
华北单季稻稻作区(Ⅳ)	黄淮平原丘陵中晚熟亚区(Ⅳ2)	江苏宿迁、徐州	单季中稻	153~162(+5)

稻作区 Rice planting area	亚区 Subregion	代表性地区 Representative area	种植方式 Planting type	全生育期（与汕优63或其他当家杂交稻比） Growth duration (Compared with Shanyou 63 or other major hybrid rice)/d
稻作区 Rice planting area	亚区 Subregion	代表性地区 Representative area	种植方式 Planting type	中稻 Mid-rice	早稻 Early rice		晚稻 Late rice
华南双季稻稻作区(Ⅰ)	闽粤桂台平原丘陵亚区(Ⅰ1)	广东广州, 广西南宁	双季稻			130(+3) 132~134		115(+3) 116~121
	琼雷台地平原亚区(Ⅰ3)	海南海口	双季稻			130		117~122
华中双单季稻稻作区(Ⅱ)	长江中下游亚区(Ⅱ1)	苏中苏南地区, 安徽淮河流域, 河南信阳地区, 湖北江汉平原	单季中稻	140~156(+3~5)
	川陕盆地亚区(Ⅱ2)	四川江油、达州, 陕西安康地区	单季中稻	143~155(+3~5) 157~163(+5~7)
	江南丘陵亚区(Ⅱ3)	浙江温州、台州, 福建武夷、尤溪, 江西赣州、萍乡, 湖南长沙、吉首, 广东蕉岭、梅州	单季中稻或双季晚稻	140~145(+3~5) 140~145(+3) 144~146(+6) 140~153(+4~9) 145				130~135(+3~5) 130(+3) 133~135(+6) 113~122
西南高原单双季稻稻作区(Ⅲ)	黔东湘西山地亚区(Ⅲ1) 滇川高原岭谷亚区(Ⅲ2)	贵州遵义云南永胜	单季中稻单季中稻	180 162(+1~3)
华北单季稻稻作区(Ⅳ)	黄淮平原丘陵中晚熟亚区(Ⅳ2)	江苏宿迁、徐州	单季中稻	153~162(+5)

代表性地区 Representative area	头季 Main season /(t∙hm^-2)	再生季 Ratoon season /(t∙hm^-2)	二季合计 Total /(t∙hm^-2)	比对照增产 Compared to control/%
福建尤溪县Youxi, Fujian	11.3~11.7	6.2~6.8	17.5~18.5	30.6~40.2
福建沙县、大田县Shaxian and Datian, Fujian	10.8~11.2	6.1~6.2	16.9~17.4	32.8~33.1
江西修水县Xiushui, Jiangxi	8.7	5.0	13.7	7.0
广西钦州市Qinzhou, Guangxi	8.5	6.3	14.8	33.7

代表性地区 Representative area	头季 Main season /(t∙hm^-2)	再生季 Ratoon season /(t∙hm^-2)	二季合计 Total /(t∙hm^-2)	比对照增产 Compared to control/%
福建尤溪县Youxi, Fujian	11.3~11.7	6.2~6.8	17.5~18.5	30.6~40.2
福建沙县、大田县Shaxian and Datian, Fujian	10.8~11.2	6.1~6.2	16.9~17.4	32.8~33.1
江西修水县Xiushui, Jiangxi	8.7	5.0	13.7	7.0
广西钦州市Qinzhou, Guangxi	8.5	6.3	14.8	33.7

试验地或菌种 Test province or strain	试验者 Tester or method	抗性表现 Resistance	抗性与对照杂交稻比 Compared with control
RB1-RB22	奉光平等^[43]	抗菌频率54.6%	略高(优)于汕优63
南方稻区	南方稻区区试	叶瘟3.4~4级, 穗瘟7~9级	抗叶瘟优于汕优63, 抗穗瘟相仿
江苏	江苏省区试	对3个小种均为抗	优于汕优63(感至抗)
安徽	安徽省区域	轻感(4级)	优于汕优63
湖北	湖北省区试;张舒等^[44];沈斌^[45]	叶瘟中感至中抗, 穗颈瘟中感至高感	抗叶瘟优于、抗穗颈瘟略优于汕优63或相当
湖南	肖友伦等^[46]	综合病级5	远优于金优207 (9级)
江西	马辉刚等^[47];习先俨等^[48]	毒力频率6	优于汕优63 (9.7), 优于金优207 (23.9)
福建	杜宜新等^[49];黄华康等^[50]	感至中抗	抗性高一个等级或相当
陕西、海南	陕西省、海南省大田种植	抗	综合抗性明显优于汕优63