不同供氮形态下水稻苗期磷吸收累积与根系形态的关系

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8059 168

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】植物根系形态对于适应低磷胁迫具有一定的可塑性,对提高磷的吸收利用具有重要意义。因此,本研究以长江中下游地区主推的102个水稻品种为供试材料,研究根系形态与水稻幼苗磷吸收利用的相关性。【方法】采用国际水稻所营养液培养方法,研究在NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^–-N供应条件下苗期植株生物量、磷含量和磷素累积量及其与根系形态指标的相关性。【结果】研究结果表明,在相同供氮水平(40 mg/L)下,供应NH₄⁺-N时,水稻苗期平均生物量为67.87 mg/株,比供应NO₃^–-N时高4.27 mg/株;水稻苗期平均磷含量为0.49%,比供应NO₃^–-N时高0.10%;水稻苗期平均磷累积量为0.37 mg/株,比供应NO₃^–-N时高0.10 mg/株。在NH₄⁺-N条件下,水稻根系形态指标变异系数呈现根尖数>总根长>分支数>总根面积>交叉数>总根体积>平均根系直径的规律;在NO₃^–-N条件下,水稻根系形态指标变异系数呈现根尖数>分枝数>总根长>总根面积>交叉数>总根体积>平均根系直径的趋势。在NH₄⁺-N条件下,总根长、总根面积、分枝数、交叉数四个形态指标与植株生物量、磷含量、磷累积相关最为显著(P<0.01),而在NO₃^–-N培养下,总根长、总根面积、根尖数、交叉数与植株生物量及磷素吸收累积指标相关性最为显著(P<0.01)。【结论】供应氨态氮,水稻营养指标与根系形态指标的相关性更高。水稻苗期根系总根长、总根面积、交叉数可作为水稻磷高效评价的重要指标。

关键词: 水稻, 氮素形态, 根系形态, 磷吸收累积

Abstract:

【Objective】Plant root morphology has certain plasticity for adapting to low phosphorus stress, and is of great significance for improving phosphorus absorption and utilization. Therefore, we used 102 major rice varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the tested materials to study the correlation between root morphology and phosphorus uptake of rice seedlings. 【Method】Hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N at the same concentration (40 mg∙L^-1) on dry weight, P concentrations and contents as well as the root morphology.【Result】At the six-leaf stage of rice incubated under the same concentration of nitrogen, the average biomass of the rice seedlings amounted to 67.87 mg per plant in the NH₄⁺-N solution, 4.27 mg higher than that in the NO₃^–-N solution. The average P content was 0.49% when grown in the NH₄⁺-N solution, 0.10% higher than that of rice seedlings grown in the NO₃^–-N solution. In addition, the average accumulation of P in the seedlings was 0.37 mg per plant when supplied with NH₄⁺-N, 0.10 mg higher than that supplied with NO₃^–-N. The coefficient of variation of root morphological indexes were in the order of the number of tips > total root length > the number of branches > total root area > the number of crossing > the total root volume > average diameter in the NH₄⁺-N solution; the coefficient of variation of root morphological indexes were in the order of the number of tips > the number of branches > total root length > total root area > the number of crossing > the total root volume > average diameter in the NO₃^–-N solution. The total root length, total root area, branching number and crossing number were significantly correlated with biomass, P content, and P accumulation in rice plants in the NH₄⁺-N solution; whereas the total root length, total root area, tip number and crossing number were significantly correlated with biomass, P content, and P accumulation in rice plants in the NO₃^–-N solution.【Conclusion】The correlations between P uptake and the indices of root morphology when plants were supplied with NH₄⁺-N were higher than those supplied only with NO₃^–-N. The total root length, total root area and crossing number might be important indicators for evaluating the P use efficiency of rice at seedling stage.

Key words: rice, nitrogen forms, root morphology, P uptake and accumulation

中图分类号:

陈晨, 龚海青, 金梦灿, 郜红建. 不同供氮形态下水稻苗期磷吸收累积与根系形态的关系[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(2): 167-175.

Chen CHEN, Haiqing GONG, Mengcan JIN, Hongjian GAO. Correlation Between Root Morphology and Accumulation of Phosphorus in Rice Seedlings under Different N Forms[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(2): 167-175.

图/表 6

参考文献 36

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编号 Number	品种 Variety	编号 Number	品种 Variety	编号 Number	品种 Variety
1	农香25 Nongxiang 25	35	武运粳23 Wuyunjing 23	69	辐照1号 Fuzhao 1
2	玉针香 Yuzhenxiang	36	WJ112	70	淮稻18 Huaidao 18
3	株两优819 Zhuliangyou 819	37	镇稻11 Zhendao 11	71	泗稻12 Sidao 12
4	湘晚籼17 Xiangwanxian 17	38	Y两优646 Y liangyou 646	72	镇稻18 Zhendao 18
5	黄华占 Huanghuazhan	39	新两优343 Xinliangyou 343	73	武运粳19 Wuyunjing 19
6	陆两优997 Luliangyou 997	40	Y两优2号Y liangyou 2	74	武运粳21 Wuyunjing 21
7	湘晚籼12 Xiangwanxian 12	41	广两优3905 Guangliangyou 3905	75	连粳9号 Liangjing 9
8	丰两优1号 Fengliangyou 1	42	甬优9号 Yongyou 9	76	连粳7号 Lianjing 7
9	湘早籼32 Xiangzaoxian 32	43	晚稻119 Wandao 119	77	镇稻8号Zhendao 8
10	湘早籼45 Xiangzaoxian 45	44	苏稻5号 Sudao 5	78	武运粳24 Wuyunjing 24
11	丰源优2997 Fengyuanyou 2997	45	中籼2503 Zhongxian 2503	79	宁粳5号 Ningjing 5
12	C两优608 C liangyou 608	46	两优766 Liangyou 766	80	新两优6号 Xinliangyou 6
13	丰源优2297 Fengyuanyou 2297	47	新两优223 Xinliangyou 223	81	皖稻153 Wandao 153
14	湘早籼24 Xiangzaoxian 24	48	Ⅱ优602 ⅡYou 602	82	丰两优9号 Fengliangyou 9
15	湘早籼6号 Xiangzaoxian 6	49	新两优106 Xinliangyou 106	83	两优383 Liangyou 383
16	隆香优130 Longxiangyou 130	50	航香18 Hangxiang 18	84	两优378 Liangyou 378
17	湘早籼42 Xiangzaoxian 42	51	春优84 Chunyou 84	85	Y两优1号 Y liangyou 1
18	湘晚籼22 Xiangwanxian 22	52	徽两优6号 Huiliangyou 6	86	南粳94140 Nanjing 94140
19	陆两优996 Luliangyou 996	53	新两优香42 Xinliangyouxiang 42	87	丰两优80 Fengliangyou 80
20	镇16 Zhen 16	54	两优8106 Liangyou 8106	88	嘉优2号 Jiayou 2
21	WJ93	55	深两优1813 Shenliangyou 1813	89	镇稻12 Zhendao 12
22	镇15 Zhen 15	56	德香4103 Dexiang 4103	90	新稻25 Xindao 25
23	WJ46	57	皖稻68 Wandao 68	91	深两优3117 Shenliangyou 3117
24	镇稻14 Zhendao 14	58	粤优1128 Yueyou 1128	92	新稻18号 Xindao 18
25	宁粳1号 Ningjing 1	59	苏秀9号 Suxiu 9	93	丰两优6348 Fengliangyou 6348
26	WJ109	60	华粳5号 Huajing 5	94	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640
27	WO30	61	盐粳7号 Yanjing 7	95	两优3905 Liangyou 3905
28	镇9424 Zhen 9424	62	ANW	96	南粳49 Nanjing 49
29	镇稻17 Zhendao 17	63	扬粳4037 Yangjing 4037	97	宁粳2号 Ningjing 2
30	镇稻19 Zhendao 19	64	淮稻6号 Huaidao 6	98	WO32
31	宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	65	华瑞稻 Huaruidao	99	中旱3号 Zhonghan 3
32	WJ104	66	盐粳11 Yanjing 11	100	连粳11 Lianjing 11
33	镇稻10号 Zhendao 10	67	金粳18 Jinjing 18	101	圣稻16 Shengdao 16
34	镇稻88 Zhendao 88	68	扬辐粳8号 Yangfujing 8	102	2845

编号 Number	品种 Variety	编号 Number	品种 Variety	编号 Number	品种 Variety
1	农香25 Nongxiang 25	35	武运粳23 Wuyunjing 23	69	辐照1号 Fuzhao 1
2	玉针香 Yuzhenxiang	36	WJ112	70	淮稻18 Huaidao 18
3	株两优819 Zhuliangyou 819	37	镇稻11 Zhendao 11	71	泗稻12 Sidao 12
4	湘晚籼17 Xiangwanxian 17	38	Y两优646 Y liangyou 646	72	镇稻18 Zhendao 18
5	黄华占 Huanghuazhan	39	新两优343 Xinliangyou 343	73	武运粳19 Wuyunjing 19
6	陆两优997 Luliangyou 997	40	Y两优2号Y liangyou 2	74	武运粳21 Wuyunjing 21
7	湘晚籼12 Xiangwanxian 12	41	广两优3905 Guangliangyou 3905	75	连粳9号 Liangjing 9
8	丰两优1号 Fengliangyou 1	42	甬优9号 Yongyou 9	76	连粳7号 Lianjing 7
9	湘早籼32 Xiangzaoxian 32	43	晚稻119 Wandao 119	77	镇稻8号Zhendao 8
10	湘早籼45 Xiangzaoxian 45	44	苏稻5号 Sudao 5	78	武运粳24 Wuyunjing 24
11	丰源优2997 Fengyuanyou 2997	45	中籼2503 Zhongxian 2503	79	宁粳5号 Ningjing 5
12	C两优608 C liangyou 608	46	两优766 Liangyou 766	80	新两优6号 Xinliangyou 6
13	丰源优2297 Fengyuanyou 2297	47	新两优223 Xinliangyou 223	81	皖稻153 Wandao 153
14	湘早籼24 Xiangzaoxian 24	48	Ⅱ优602 ⅡYou 602	82	丰两优9号 Fengliangyou 9
15	湘早籼6号 Xiangzaoxian 6	49	新两优106 Xinliangyou 106	83	两优383 Liangyou 383
16	隆香优130 Longxiangyou 130	50	航香18 Hangxiang 18	84	两优378 Liangyou 378
17	湘早籼42 Xiangzaoxian 42	51	春优84 Chunyou 84	85	Y两优1号 Y liangyou 1
18	湘晚籼22 Xiangwanxian 22	52	徽两优6号 Huiliangyou 6	86	南粳94140 Nanjing 94140
19	陆两优996 Luliangyou 996	53	新两优香42 Xinliangyouxiang 42	87	丰两优80 Fengliangyou 80
20	镇16 Zhen 16	54	两优8106 Liangyou 8106	88	嘉优2号 Jiayou 2
21	WJ93	55	深两优1813 Shenliangyou 1813	89	镇稻12 Zhendao 12
22	镇15 Zhen 15	56	德香4103 Dexiang 4103	90	新稻25 Xindao 25
23	WJ46	57	皖稻68 Wandao 68	91	深两优3117 Shenliangyou 3117
24	镇稻14 Zhendao 14	58	粤优1128 Yueyou 1128	92	新稻18号 Xindao 18
25	宁粳1号 Ningjing 1	59	苏秀9号 Suxiu 9	93	丰两优6348 Fengliangyou 6348
26	WJ109	60	华粳5号 Huajing 5	94	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640
27	WO30	61	盐粳7号 Yanjing 7	95	两优3905 Liangyou 3905
28	镇9424 Zhen 9424	62	ANW	96	南粳49 Nanjing 49
29	镇稻17 Zhendao 17	63	扬粳4037 Yangjing 4037	97	宁粳2号 Ningjing 2
30	镇稻19 Zhendao 19	64	淮稻6号 Huaidao 6	98	WO32
31	宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	65	华瑞稻 Huaruidao	99	中旱3号 Zhonghan 3
32	WJ104	66	盐粳11 Yanjing 11	100	连粳11 Lianjing 11
33	镇稻10号 Zhendao 10	67	金粳18 Jinjing 18	101	圣稻16 Shengdao 16
34	镇稻88 Zhendao 88	68	扬辐粳8号 Yangfujing 8	102	2845

参数 Index	NH₄⁺-N			NO₃^--N
参数 Index	变幅 Range	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%	变幅 Range	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%
总根长 Total root length/cm	153.84-2947.86	1195.88 aA	56.63	103.58-2165.30	979.38 bB	53.93
总根面积 Total root area/cm²	9.46-180.77	82.56 aA	46.16	13.15-156.89	54.77 bB	54.91
平均直径 Average diameter/mm	0.20-0.46	0.30 aA	19.28	0.18-0.42	0.29 aA	21.25
总根体积 Total root volume/cm³	0.13-0.92	0.42 aA	44.53	0.08-0.94	0.40 aA	50.43
根尖数 Root tip No.	879.00-30 975.00	11 323.75 aA	65.96	805.67-26 277.67	9 459.69 bB	63.17
分枝数 Root branch No.	2188.33-36 903.67	13 386.56 aA	56.67	2013.67-36 333.67	11 754.37 bB	60.53
交叉数 Root crossing No.	1663.00-26 835.00	11 449.16 aA	45.54	1098.67-28 036.33	11 692.79 aA	53.35

参数 Index	NH₄⁺-N			NO₃^--N
参数 Index	变幅 Range	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%	变幅 Range	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV/%
总根长 Total root length/cm	153.84-2947.86	1195.88 aA	56.63	103.58-2165.30	979.38 bB	53.93
总根面积 Total root area/cm²	9.46-180.77	82.56 aA	46.16	13.15-156.89	54.77 bB	54.91
平均直径 Average diameter/mm	0.20-0.46	0.30 aA	19.28	0.18-0.42	0.29 aA	21.25
总根体积 Total root volume/cm³	0.13-0.92	0.42 aA	44.53	0.08-0.94	0.40 aA	50.43
根尖数 Root tip No.	879.00-30 975.00	11 323.75 aA	65.96	805.67-26 277.67	9 459.69 bB	63.17
分枝数 Root branch No.	2188.33-36 903.67	13 386.56 aA	56.67	2013.67-36 333.67	11 754.37 bB	60.53
交叉数 Root crossing No.	1663.00-26 835.00	11 449.16 aA	45.54	1098.67-28 036.33	11 692.79 aA	53.35

氮供应 Nitrogen form	参数 Parameter	总根长 Total root length	总根面积 Total root area	平均根系直径Average diameter	总根体积 Total root volume	根尖数 Root tip No.	分枝数 Root branch No.	交叉数 Root crossing No.
NH₄⁺-N	整株生物量 Whole plant biomass	0.93^**	0.91^**	-0.22^*	0.81^**	0.90^**	0.86^**	0.89^**
	整株P含量 Whole plant P content	0.61^**	0.60^**	-0.15	0.54^**	0.54^**	0.63^**	0.65^**
	整株P累积量 Whole plant P accumulation	0.88^**	0.85^**	-0.21^*	0.77^**	0.84^**	0.85^**	0.86^**
NO₃^--N	整株生物量 Whole plant biomass	0.97^**	0.87^**	-0.24^*	0.77^**	0.91^**	0.86^**	0.93^**
	整株P含量 Whole plant P content	0.55^**	0.43^**	-0.17	0.33^**	0.45^**	0.37^**	0.56^**
	整株P累积量 Whole plant P accumulation	0.89^**	0.78^**	-0.22^*	0.63^**	0.79^**	0.73^**	0.87^**