植物生长调节剂对再生稻头季抗倒伏能力和两季产量的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8075

中国水稻科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 158-166.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8075

植物生长调节剂对再生稻头季抗倒伏能力和两季产量的影响

解振兴¹^,^#, 张居念¹^,^#, 林祁², 刘锋², 张初长³, 卓芳梅³, 姜照伟^1,^*(), 卓传营²

¹福建省农业科学院水稻研究所,福州 350018
²尤溪县农业局,福建尤溪 365100
³尤溪县梅仙镇农业技术推广站,福建尤溪 365101

收稿日期:2018-06-13 修回日期:2018-11-28 出版日期:2019-03-10 发布日期:2019-03-10
通讯作者: 姜照伟
作者简介:
^#共同第一作者;
基金资助:
福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2016R1020-6);国家重点研发计划项目课题(2017YFD0100105);福建省农业科学院青年创新团队(STIT2017-3-3);再生稻安全生产技术研发与推广服务创新团队。

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Rice Lodging Resistance and Grain Production of Main-crop and Ratooning Rice

Zhenxing XIE¹^,^#, Junian ZHANG¹^,^#, Qi LIN², Feng LIU², Chuzhang ZHANG³, Fangmei ZHUO³, Zhaowei JIANG^1,^*(), Chuanying ZHUO²

¹Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
²Agricultural Bureau of Youxi County, Youxi 365100, China
³Meixian Agricultural Technical Extension Station, Youxi 365101, China

Received:2018-06-13 Revised:2018-11-28 Online:2019-03-10 Published:2019-03-10
Contact: Zhaowei JIANG
About author:
^#These authors contributed equally to this work;

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】为了探明植物生长调节剂对再生稻头季抗倒伏能力及两季产量的影响,【方法】以佳辐占、天优华占和甬优2640为试验材料,于拔节初期叶面喷施多效唑、乙烯利和抗倒酯,研究不同植物生长调节剂对水稻头季茎秆特性、力学指标及两季产量形成的影响。【结果】甬优2640基部节间抗折力和植株抗推力最大,抗倒伏能力强;佳辐占基部节间最长,株高最高,倒伏指数高,抗倒伏能力最差;天优华占基部倒伏指数小,抗倒伏能力介于前二者中间。与喷施清水对照相比,多效唑处理植株节间长、株高、茎壁厚与对照差异较小,增加了倒3节间(N₃)茎粗和倒4节间(N₄)和N₃的抗折力,降低了N₄和N₃的倒伏指数;乙烯利处理则显著增加了N₄长度,N₃茎粗和株高,对茎壁厚没有明显影响, 增强了N₃抗折力,降低了N₃倒伏指数;抗倒酯处理缩短了N₄、倒2节间(N₂)长,降低株高,增加N₃茎粗和N₃、N₂的茎壁厚度,增强了N₄、N₃的抗折力,降低了各节间的倒伏指数。3种植物生长调节剂处理均降低了头季产量,多效唑和抗倒酯处理增加了再生季产量,乙烯利降低了再生季产量。分析产量构成因素,植物生长调节剂处理主要影响了总穗粒数,头季总穗粒数减少,再生季总穗粒数增加。天优华占和甬优2640两季总产量均较对照降低,佳辐占总产量多效唑和抗倒酯处理较对照增加,乙烯利处理较对照降低。【结论】抗倒酯处理增强了再生稻头季茎秆的抗倒伏能力,而对两季总产量无显著影响,对再生稻头季抗倒伏栽培具有现实意义。

关键词: 植物生长调节剂, 倒伏, 再生稻, 茎秆特性, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The present study aims to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on rice lodging resistance and yield performance of ratoon rice.【Method】Jiafuzhan, Tianyouhuazhan, Yongyou 2640 were sampled with foliar application of paclobutrazol (PP₃₃₃), ethephon (ETH), trinexapac-ethyl (TE) at the initial jointing stage. The culm traits, mechanical index, grain yield and yield components of main-crop and ratooning rice were investigated.【Result】Yongyou 2640 had the strongest breaking resistance, plant thrust resistance and lodging resistance; Jiafuzhan had the longest internodes, the highest plant height, the maximum lodging index and the weakest lodging resistance among the three varieties while the lodging resistance of Tianyouhuazhan was between them. Compared with foliar application of water (control), application of PP₃₃₃had no marked effect on internode length, plant height, culm wall thickness, but increased culm diameter of the 3rd internode (from the top), enhanced breaking resistance of the 4th (from the top) and the 3rd internodes, drove down lodging index of the 4th and 3rd internodes; application of ETH increased length of the 4th internode, culm diameter of the 3rd internode and plant height, but had no obvious effect on culm wall thickness, reduced lodging index of the 3rd internode; application of TE shortened length of the 4th and the 2nd (from the top) internodes and plant height, increased culm diameter of the 3rd internode and culm wall thickness of the 3rd and the 2nd internodes, strengthened breaking resistance of the 4th and the 3rd internodes, reduced lodging index. PP₃₃₃, TE decreased the grain production of main-crop but increased ratooning rice, while ETH decreased both main-crop and ratooning rice. Total grain production of Tianyouhuazhan and Yongyou 2640 was reduced by PGRs treatments, total yield of Jiafuzhan was increased by PP₃₃₃ and TE application while decreased by ETH.【Conclusion】Comprehensively, application of TE enhanced the plant lodging resistance without negative effect on total yield of ratooning rice, and thus it could be used as a practice to prevent lodging in rice production.

Key words: plant growth regulators, lodging, ratoon-season rice, culm traits, production

中图分类号:

解振兴, 张居念, 林祁, 刘锋, 张初长, 卓芳梅, 姜照伟, 卓传营. 植物生长调节剂对再生稻头季抗倒伏能力和两季产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(2): 158-166.

Zhenxing XIE, Junian ZHANG, Qi LIN, Feng LIU, Chuzhang ZHANG, Fangmei ZHUO, Zhaowei JIANG, Chuanying ZHUO. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Rice Lodging Resistance and Grain Production of Main-crop and Ratooning Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(2): 158-166.

图/表 5

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试验因素 Experiment factor	抗折力 Breaking resistance/kg			倒伏指数 Lodging index/(g·cm g^-1)			植株抗推力 Plant thrust resistance/kg
试验因素 Experiment factor	N₄	N₃	N₂	N₄	N₃	N₂	植株抗推力 Plant thrust resistance/kg
品种Variety(V)
佳辐占Jiafuzhan	0.98±0.21 b	0.73±0.18 b	0.52±0.18 b	177.22±10.55 a	190.11±5.72 a	177.04±10.65 a	1.64±0.15 b
天优华占Tianyouhuazhan	0.97±0.01 b	0.68±0.26 b	0.47±0.16 b	127.51±7.67 c	162.79±7.39 b	184.18±11.94 a	1.66±0.19 b
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	1.33±0.29 a	1.02±0.23 a	0.81±0.13 a	145.51±8.88 b	154.99±4.78 b	127.86±8.60 b	2.20±0.16 a
植物生长调节剂PGR
多效唑 PP₃₃₃	1.15±0.31 a	0.85±0.34 b	0.57±0.23 a	147.20±6.10 b	171.80±7.43 b	173.05±6.98 a	1.89±0.09 a
乙烯利ETH	1.02±0.36 b	0.81±0.26 b	0.61±0.22 a	166.75±7.96 a	169.25±12.04 b	163.67±11.11 ab	1.81±0.10 ab
抗倒酯TE	1.24±0.27 a	0.90±0.21 a	0.66±0.20 a	125.71±9.38 b	143.11±7.41 c	142.98±5.27 b	2.01±0.17 a
对照Control	0.95±0.23 b	0.68±0.19 c	0.56±0.21 a	160.67±6.49 a	183.02±3.84 a	172.41±16.12 a	1.62±0.12 b
F值F value
品种Variety(V)	28.89^**	36.15^**	60.19^**	22.73^**	8.32^**	19.32^**	24.10^**
植物生长调节剂PGR	9.05^**	7.21^**	2.64^ns	8.90^**	7.68^**	3.03^*	4.90^**
V×PGR	3.16^**	5.25^**	1.75^ns	6.82^**	2.36^*	1.17^ns	3.81^**

试验因素 Experiment factor	抗折力 Breaking resistance/kg			倒伏指数 Lodging index/(g·cm g^-1)			植株抗推力 Plant thrust resistance/kg
试验因素 Experiment factor	N₄	N₃	N₂	N₄	N₃	N₂	植株抗推力 Plant thrust resistance/kg
品种Variety(V)
佳辐占Jiafuzhan	0.98±0.21 b	0.73±0.18 b	0.52±0.18 b	177.22±10.55 a	190.11±5.72 a	177.04±10.65 a	1.64±0.15 b
天优华占Tianyouhuazhan	0.97±0.01 b	0.68±0.26 b	0.47±0.16 b	127.51±7.67 c	162.79±7.39 b	184.18±11.94 a	1.66±0.19 b
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	1.33±0.29 a	1.02±0.23 a	0.81±0.13 a	145.51±8.88 b	154.99±4.78 b	127.86±8.60 b	2.20±0.16 a
植物生长调节剂PGR
多效唑 PP₃₃₃	1.15±0.31 a	0.85±0.34 b	0.57±0.23 a	147.20±6.10 b	171.80±7.43 b	173.05±6.98 a	1.89±0.09 a
乙烯利ETH	1.02±0.36 b	0.81±0.26 b	0.61±0.22 a	166.75±7.96 a	169.25±12.04 b	163.67±11.11 ab	1.81±0.10 ab
抗倒酯TE	1.24±0.27 a	0.90±0.21 a	0.66±0.20 a	125.71±9.38 b	143.11±7.41 c	142.98±5.27 b	2.01±0.17 a
对照Control	0.95±0.23 b	0.68±0.19 c	0.56±0.21 a	160.67±6.49 a	183.02±3.84 a	172.41±16.12 a	1.62±0.12 b
F值F value
品种Variety(V)	28.89^**	36.15^**	60.19^**	22.73^**	8.32^**	19.32^**	24.10^**
植物生长调节剂PGR	9.05^**	7.21^**	2.64^ns	8.90^**	7.68^**	3.03^*	4.90^**
V×PGR	3.16^**	5.25^**	1.75^ns	6.82^**	2.36^*	1.17^ns	3.81^**

试验因素 Experiment factor	节间长 Internode length/cm			茎粗 Culm diameter/mm			茎壁厚 Culm wall thickness/mm			株高 Plant height/cm
试验因素 Experiment factor	N₄	N₃	N₂	N₄	N₃	N₂	N₄	N₃	N₂	株高 Plant height/cm
品种Variety(V)
佳辐占Jiafuzhan	7.63±0.89 a	14.26±0.50 a	21.54±1.11 a	5.99±0.14 b	5.69±0.26 b	5.12±0.16 b	0.78±0.05 b	0.64±0.05 a	0.47±0.07 b	109.57±4.32 a
天优华Tianyouhuazhan	3.14±0.22 c	8.91±0.50 b	18.71±0.33 b	5.37±0.34 c	5.16±0.38 c	4.83±0.32 c	0.71±0.05 c	0.56±0.06 c	0.42±0.05 c	95.83±2.83 b
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	6.05±0.53 b	14.38±0.47 a	16.61±2.28 c	6.37±0.24 b	6.19±0.25 a	5.84±0.24 a	0.92±0.07 a	0.81±0.07 a	0.68±0.03 a	91.02±3.24 c
植物生长调节剂PGR
多效唑PP₃₃₃	5.29±0.56 b	12.62±1.26 a	19.59±0.72 a	5.91±0.14 a	5.77±0.11 a	5.24±0.77 a	0.82±0.16 a	0.66±0.02 b	0.49±0.08 b	99.45±4.77 b
乙烯利ETH	6.75±0.29 a	12.26±0.84 a	19.49±1.06 a	6.01±0.33 a	5.75±0.34 a	5.32±0.29 a	0.77±0.08 a	0.63±0.06 b	0.52±0.11 b	102.69±7.35 a
抗倒酯TE	4.50±0.02 c	11.84±0.43 a	17.83±1.48 b	5.99±0.17 a	5.86±0.16 a	5.43±0.25 a	0.83±0.07 a	0.72±0.09 a	0.57±0.10 a	94.51±1.34 c
对照Control	5.88±0.11 b	13.32±0.72 a	18.90±1.00 a	5.73±0.34 a	5.33±0.48 b	5.06±0.42 a	0.78±0.07 a	0.65±0.08 b	0.50±0.10 b	98.57±6.27 b
F值F value
品种Variety(V)	128.53^**	71.82^**	110.76^**	51.82^**	46.56^**	39.61^**	34.41^**	52.12^**	101.24^**	218.37^**
植物生长调节剂PGR	16.82^**	2.17^ns	8.93^**	2.55^ns	7.32^**	2.61^ns	1.48^ns	3.69^*	5.092^**	20.01^**
V × PGR	5.58^**	3.08^**	15.33^**	5.68^**	4.38^**	3.15^**	3.51^**	3.94^**	3.93^**	4.60^**

试验因素 Experiment factor	节间长 Internode length/cm			茎粗 Culm diameter/mm			茎壁厚 Culm wall thickness/mm			株高 Plant height/cm
试验因素 Experiment factor	N₄	N₃	N₂	N₄	N₃	N₂	N₄	N₃	N₂	株高 Plant height/cm
品种Variety(V)
佳辐占Jiafuzhan	7.63±0.89 a	14.26±0.50 a	21.54±1.11 a	5.99±0.14 b	5.69±0.26 b	5.12±0.16 b	0.78±0.05 b	0.64±0.05 a	0.47±0.07 b	109.57±4.32 a
天优华Tianyouhuazhan	3.14±0.22 c	8.91±0.50 b	18.71±0.33 b	5.37±0.34 c	5.16±0.38 c	4.83±0.32 c	0.71±0.05 c	0.56±0.06 c	0.42±0.05 c	95.83±2.83 b
甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	6.05±0.53 b	14.38±0.47 a	16.61±2.28 c	6.37±0.24 b	6.19±0.25 a	5.84±0.24 a	0.92±0.07 a	0.81±0.07 a	0.68±0.03 a	91.02±3.24 c
植物生长调节剂PGR
多效唑PP₃₃₃	5.29±0.56 b	12.62±1.26 a	19.59±0.72 a	5.91±0.14 a	5.77±0.11 a	5.24±0.77 a	0.82±0.16 a	0.66±0.02 b	0.49±0.08 b	99.45±4.77 b
乙烯利ETH	6.75±0.29 a	12.26±0.84 a	19.49±1.06 a	6.01±0.33 a	5.75±0.34 a	5.32±0.29 a	0.77±0.08 a	0.63±0.06 b	0.52±0.11 b	102.69±7.35 a
抗倒酯TE	4.50±0.02 c	11.84±0.43 a	17.83±1.48 b	5.99±0.17 a	5.86±0.16 a	5.43±0.25 a	0.83±0.07 a	0.72±0.09 a	0.57±0.10 a	94.51±1.34 c
对照Control	5.88±0.11 b	13.32±0.72 a	18.90±1.00 a	5.73±0.34 a	5.33±0.48 b	5.06±0.42 a	0.78±0.07 a	0.65±0.08 b	0.50±0.10 b	98.57±6.27 b
F值F value
品种Variety(V)	128.53^**	71.82^**	110.76^**	51.82^**	46.56^**	39.61^**	34.41^**	52.12^**	101.24^**	218.37^**
植物生长调节剂PGR	16.82^**	2.17^ns	8.93^**	2.55^ns	7.32^**	2.61^ns	1.48^ns	3.69^*	5.092^**	20.01^**
V × PGR	5.58^**	3.08^**	15.33^**	5.68^**	4.38^**	3.15^**	3.51^**	3.94^**	3.93^**	4.60^**

参数 Parameter	倒伏指数 Lodging index	抗折力 Breaking resistance	植株抗推力 Plant thrust resistance	节间长 Internode length	茎粗 Culm diameter	茎壁厚 Culm wall thickness
抗折力Breaking resistance	-0.496^**
植株抗推力Plant thrust resistance	-0.513^**	0.329
节间长Internode length	0.398^*	-0.877^**	-0.190
茎粗Culm diameter	0.051	0.704^**	0.101	-0.661^**
茎壁厚Culm wall thickness	-0.418^**	0.924^**	0.173	-0.893^**	0.816^**
株高Plant height	0.511^**	-0.337	-0.495^**	0.274	-0.089	-0.268

植物生长调节剂对再生稻头季抗倒伏能力和两季产量的影响

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Rice Lodging Resistance and Grain Production of Main-crop and Ratooning Rice

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Metrics

季别 Growth Season	试验因素 Experiment factor	有效穗数 Effective panicle /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	颖花数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Production /(kg·hm^-2)
头季 Main-season	品种Variety
	佳辐占Jiafuzhan	341.88±3.95 a	90.48±7.13 c	88.92±3.65 a	28.99±0.61 a	7552.80±502.03 b
	天优华占Tianyouhuazhan	303.15±5.12 b	144.40±7.10 b	83.51±3.48 a	25.00±0.19 b	8137.60±199.62 a
	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	218.34±4.45 c	192.18±8.78 a	86.29±2.08 a	23.76±0.32 c	7887.57±343.83 ab
	植物生长调节剂PGR
	多效唑PP₃₃₃	293.34±13.59 a	133.55±2.32 a	88.37±3.91 a	26.01±0.77 a	7782.74±134.8 a
	乙烯利ETH	285.85±12.96 a	135.71±9.41 a	86.16±1.17 a	26.26±1.02 a	7626.60±128.64 a
	抗倒酯TE	286.95±15.99 a	140.31±1.18 a	83.33±3.35 a	25.85±1.02 a	7813.28±230.65 a
	对照Control	285.01±16.71 a	151.52±6.85 a	87.11±3.79 a	25.54±0.59 a	8259.54±271.13 a
再生季 Ratoon-season	品种Variety
	佳辐占Jiafuzhan	404.01±24.16 a	49.51±0.48 b	90.24±0.68 a	26.28±0.40 a	4457.49±103.79 a
	天优华占Tianyouhuazhan	322.04±11.89 b	76.64±4.11 b	73.73±1.95 b	23.54±0.18 b	4085.29±262.99 b
	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	182.50±4.05 c	117.74±6.71 a	85.77±4.68 a	22.61±0.63 b	3958.89±198.42 b
	植物生长调节剂PGR
	多效唑PP₃₃₃	293.01±12.90 a	84.88±4.30 a	83.82±8.76 a	24.36±1.50 a	4340.01±291.45 a
	乙烯利ETH	305.26±20.63 a	80.54±7.33 a	81.57±8.47 a	23.62±1.58 a	3965.46±383.05 a
	抗倒酯TE	310.88±22.31 a	83.45±2.52 a	82.77±6.60 a	23.94±1.68 a	4215.09±248.25 a
	对照Control	302.26±27.85 a	76.31±0.54 a	84.82±5.71 a	24.65±1.52 a	4148.33±189.04 a

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