甬优4949和超优1000在华中地区再生稻种植的氮肥运筹研究

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8078

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同氮肥运筹处理下,超优1000、甬优4949作再生稻种植时的产量、氮肥偏生产力以及再生力的表现,以期为超优1000和甬优4949引入再生稻系统提供理论依据。【方法】试验为裂区设计,主区为氮肥处理,共设置了6个不同的氮肥处理,分别为N₁(120_main150_ratoon)、N₂(120_main225_ratoon)、N₃(185_main150_ratoon)、N₄(185_main225_ratoon)、N₅(250_main150_ratoon)、N₆(250_main225_ratoon);品种为副区(甬优4949、超优1000,两优6326作为再生稻大面积种植的对照品种)。测定不同品种在不同氮肥运筹下株高、分蘖数、叶面积指数、地上部生物量、产量、产量构成因子和成熟籽粒氮含量。【结果】试验结果表明,在头季,两优6326、超优1000、甬优4949最高产量分别为9.16 t/hm²、9.08 t/hm²和11.15 t/hm²,其对应的施氮量分别为185 kg/hm²、120 kg/hm²和185 kg/hm²。三个品种在高施氮量下(225 kg/hm²)的平均再生季产量分别为5.41 t/hm²、4.98 t/hm²、6.02 t/hm²,在低施氮量下(150 kg/hm²)的平均再生季产量分别为5.78 t/hm²、5.41 t/hm²、6.49 t/hm²。然而,三个品种在低氮处理下的氮肥偏生产力均显著高于高氮处理。综合产量和氮肥偏生产力,甬优4949的最优氮肥运筹应与两优6326保持一致(185_main150_ratoon),而超优1000在目前的产量水平下的头季施氮量低于两优6326(120 kg/ hm²),而再生季可与两优6326保持一致。【结论】甬优4949可在华中地区作再生稻种植并且氮肥运筹模式可与两优6326保持一致,而超优1000由于生育期太长,再生季不能完全成熟,不适合在华中地区作再生稻种植。

关键词: 再生稻, 产量, 氮肥运筹

Abstract:

【Objective】The grain yield, nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN) and regeneration rate of Chaoyou 1000 (CY1000) and Yongyou 4949 (YY4949) were investigated in ratoon rice system under various nitrogen rates. And the possibilities of introducing these varieties into ratoon rice system in central China were also evaluated.【Method】The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four replications. The nitrogen rates were designed as main plots with six levels: N₁(120_main150_ratoon), N₂(120_main225_ratoon), N₃(185_main150_ratoon), N₄(185_main225_ratoon), N₅(250_main150_ratoon), N₆(250_main225_ratoon). The varieties [YY4949, CY1000, Liangyou 6326 (LY6326, as control)] were set as sub-plots. The plant height, tiller numbers, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, grain yield, yield components and grain nitrogen concentration of each variety were measured under various nitrogen rates.【Result】The highest grain yields in the main season were 9.16t/hm², 9.08t/hm² and 11.15t/hm² at the N levels of 185 kg/hm², 120 kg/hm² and 185 kg/hm² in LY6326, CY1000 and YY4949, respectively.The average yields of LY6326, YY4949 and CY1000 in ratoon season were 5.41t/hm², 4.98t/hm², 6.02t/hm²and 5.78t/hm², 5.41t/hm², 6.49t/hm² at the nitrogen levels of 225kg/hm² and 150kg/hm², respectively. Moreover, the increases in nitrogen input(from 150 to 225kg/hm²) significantly decreased the PFPN. In summary, it suggested that the optimum nitrogen management for LY6326 and YY4949 should be N₃(185kg/hm² during main season and 150kg/hm² during ratoon season).【Conclusion】The N management practice of YY4949 should be consistent with that of LY6326 when YY4949 was introduced into ratoon rice system, while the whole growth duration of CY1000 was too long to ensure maturity of ratoon season, so it is not suitable for ratoon rice production in Central China.

Key words: ratoon rice, grain yield, nitrogen management

中图分类号:

何爱斌, 于朋超, 陈乾, 姜广磊, 王慰亲, 聂立孝. 甬优4949和超优1000在华中地区再生稻种植的氮肥运筹研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(1): 47-56.

Aibin HE, Pengchao YU, Qian CHEN, Guanglei JIANG, Weiqin WANG, Lixiao NIE. Optimizing the Nitrogen Management for Yongyou 4949 and Chaoyou 1000 in Ratoon Rice System in Central China[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(1): 47-56.

图/表 6

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品种 Variety	头季施氮量 Nitrogen level of main season /(kg·hm^-2)	头季 Main season				再生季施氮量Nitrogen level of ratoon season /(kg·hm^-2)	再生季 Ratoon season			周年生育期 Whole crop growth duration/d
品种 Variety	头季施氮量 Nitrogen level of main season /(kg·hm^-2)	播种期Sowing date	齐穗期Heading stage	成熟期Mature stage	生育期Growth duration/d	再生季施氮量Nitrogen level of ratoon season /(kg·hm^-2)	齐穗期 Heading stage	成熟期Mature stage	生育期Growth duration/d	周年生育期 Whole crop growth duration/d
两优6326 LY6326	120	03-16	06-26	07-29	135	150	09-11	10-25	88	223
	120	03-16	06-26	07-29	135	225	09-11	10-25	88	223
	185	03-16	06-26	08-02	139	150	09-11	10-29	88	227
	185	03-16	06-26	08-02	139	225	09-11	10-29	88	227
	225	03-16	06-26	08-02	139	150	09-11	10-29	88	227
	225	03-16	06-26	08-02	139	225	09-11	10-29	88	227
超优1000 CY1000	120	03-16	07-10	08-15	152	150	09-22	11-14	91	243
	120	03-16	07-10	08-15	152	225	09-22	11-14	91	243
	185	03-16	07-12	08-15	152	150	09-22	11-14	91	243
	185	03-16	07-12	08-15	152	225	09-22	11-14	91	243
	225	03-16	07-12	08-15	152	150	09-22	11-14	91	243
	225	03-16	07-12	08-15	152	225	09-22	11-14	91	243
甬优4949 YY4949	120	03-16	06-30	08-05	142	150	09-15	11-02	89	231
	120	03-16	06-30	08-05	142	225	09-15	11-02	89	231
	185	03-16	06-30	08-09	146	150	09-15	11-06	89	237
	185	03-16	06-30	08-09	146	225	09-15	11-06	89	237
	225	03-16	06-30	08-09	146	150	09-15	11-06	89	237
	225	03-16	06-30	08-09	146	225	09-15	11-06	89	237

品种 Variety	头季施氮量 Nitrogen level of main season /(kg·hm^-2)	头季 Main season				再生季施氮量Nitrogen level of ratoon season /(kg·hm^-2)	再生季 Ratoon season			周年生育期 Whole crop growth duration/d
品种 Variety	头季施氮量 Nitrogen level of main season /(kg·hm^-2)	播种期Sowing date	齐穗期Heading stage	成熟期Mature stage	生育期Growth duration/d	再生季施氮量Nitrogen level of ratoon season /(kg·hm^-2)	齐穗期 Heading stage	成熟期Mature stage	生育期Growth duration/d	周年生育期 Whole crop growth duration/d
两优6326 LY6326	120	03-16	06-26	07-29	135	150	09-11	10-25	88	223
	120	03-16	06-26	07-29	135	225	09-11	10-25	88	223
	185	03-16	06-26	08-02	139	150	09-11	10-29	88	227
	185	03-16	06-26	08-02	139	225	09-11	10-29	88	227
	225	03-16	06-26	08-02	139	150	09-11	10-29	88	227
	225	03-16	06-26	08-02	139	225	09-11	10-29	88	227
超优1000 CY1000	120	03-16	07-10	08-15	152	150	09-22	11-14	91	243
	120	03-16	07-10	08-15	152	225	09-22	11-14	91	243
	185	03-16	07-12	08-15	152	150	09-22	11-14	91	243
	185	03-16	07-12	08-15	152	225	09-22	11-14	91	243
	225	03-16	07-12	08-15	152	150	09-22	11-14	91	243
	225	03-16	07-12	08-15	152	225	09-22	11-14	91	243
甬优4949 YY4949	120	03-16	06-30	08-05	142	150	09-15	11-02	89	231
	120	03-16	06-30	08-05	142	225	09-15	11-02	89	231
	185	03-16	06-30	08-09	146	150	09-15	11-06	89	237
	185	03-16	06-30	08-09	146	225	09-15	11-06	89	237
	225	03-16	06-30	08-09	146	150	09-15	11-06	89	237
	225	03-16	06-30	08-09	146	225	09-15	11-06	89	237

品种 Variety	头季施氮量 Main season treatment/(kg·hm^-2)	头季产量 Main season yield/(t·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass /(t·hm^-2)	收获指数Harvest index /%	每1m²穗数 Panicle number per squaremeter	每穗颖花数Grain number per panicle	千粒重1000-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%
两优6326 LY6326	120	8.71 b	14.78 b	54.2 a	240 b	169 a	25.1 a	68.9 a
	185	9.47 a	15.99 ab	52.3 a	276 ab	153 a	25.2 a	68.8 a
	250	9.30 a	17.39 a	52.2 a	294 a	160 a	24.9 a	66.7 a
	平均Mean	9.16 B	16.05 B	52.9 B	270 A	161 B	25.0 A	68.1 B
超优1000 CY1000	120	9.19 a	15.21 a	49.9 a	204 a	229 a	20.7 b	70.9 a
	185	9.15 a	15.35 a	51.6 a	210 a	237 a	21.1 a	72.3 a
	250	8.90 a	16.88 a	50.1 a	222 a	264 a	20.8 b	65.9 a
	平均Mean	9.08 B	15.81 B	50.5 C	212 C	243 A	20.8 B	69.7 B
甬优4949 YY4949	120	10.57 b	17.00 b	56.6 a	216 b	246 a	20.0 a	87.0 a
	185	11.45 a	17.84 ab	56.3 a	246 a	241 a	19.6 b	80.4 b
	250	11.43 a	18.91 a	57.0 a	258 a	246 a	19.4 b	81.2 b
	平均Mean	11.15 A	17.91 A	56.6 A	240 B	244 A	19.7 C	83.1 A

品种 Variety	头季施氮量 Main season treatment/(kg·hm^-2)	头季产量 Main season yield/(t·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass /(t·hm^-2)	收获指数Harvest index /%	每1m²穗数 Panicle number per squaremeter	每穗颖花数Grain number per panicle	千粒重1000-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%
两优6326 LY6326	120	8.71 b	14.78 b	54.2 a	240 b	169 a	25.1 a	68.9 a
	185	9.47 a	15.99 ab	52.3 a	276 ab	153 a	25.2 a	68.8 a
	250	9.30 a	17.39 a	52.2 a	294 a	160 a	24.9 a	66.7 a
	平均Mean	9.16 B	16.05 B	52.9 B	270 A	161 B	25.0 A	68.1 B
超优1000 CY1000	120	9.19 a	15.21 a	49.9 a	204 a	229 a	20.7 b	70.9 a
	185	9.15 a	15.35 a	51.6 a	210 a	237 a	21.1 a	72.3 a
	250	8.90 a	16.88 a	50.1 a	222 a	264 a	20.8 b	65.9 a
	平均Mean	9.08 B	15.81 B	50.5 C	212 C	243 A	20.8 B	69.7 B
甬优4949 YY4949	120	10.57 b	17.00 b	56.6 a	216 b	246 a	20.0 a	87.0 a
	185	11.45 a	17.84 ab	56.3 a	246 a	241 a	19.6 b	80.4 b
	250	11.43 a	18.91 a	57.0 a	258 a	246 a	19.4 b	81.2 b
	平均Mean	11.15 A	17.91 A	56.6 A	240 B	244 A	19.7 C	83.1 A

品种 Variety	头季施氮量 Main season treatment/(kg·hm^-2)	再生季施氮量 Ratoon season treatment/(kg·hm^-2)	再生季产量Ratoon season yield/(t·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass /(t·hm^-2)	收获指数Harvest index/%	每1 m²穗数 Panicle number per square meter	每穗颖花数Grain number per panicle	千粒重1000-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%
两优6326 LY6326	120	150	5.55 ab	11.10 b	50.5 a	337 b	71 a	25.0 a	81.8 a
	120	225	5.99 a	13.15 ab	45.9 ab	370 ab	82 a	24.5 ab	78.3 ab
	185	150	5.45 ab	12.97 ab	42.1 bc	368 ab	82 a	24.0 ab	79.3 ab
	185	225	5.54 ab	14.28 a	38.9 c	417 a	82 a	23.7 ab	74.2 b
	250	150	5.25 b	14.02 a	37.5 c	380 ab	81 a	23.2 b	73.2 b
	250	225	5.81 ab	13.45 a	42.4 bc	414 a	83 a	23.7 ab	72.0 b
	平均Mean		5.60 B	13.16 A	45.5 B	381 A	80 B	24.0 A	76.5 B
超优1000 CY1000	120	150	5.17 ab	12.43 a	44.5 ab	355 a	112 ab	20.7 a	59.0 a
	120	225	5.29 ab	13.53 a	44.5 ab	377 a	116 ab	20.2 a	60.8 a
	185	150	5.06 ab	12.24 a	46.3 ab	335 a	118 a	20.7 a	60.7 a
	185	225	5.57 a	13.70 a	46.6 a	381 a	117 ab	20.6 a	61.4 a
	250	150	4.72 b	13.38 a	44.6 ab	393 a	107 b	20.4 a	61.7 a
	250	225	5.38 a	13.09 a	43.7 b	378 a	113 ab	20.3 a	57.8 a
	平均Mean		5.20 C	13.06 A	45.0 B	370 A	114 A	20.5 B	60.3 C
甬优4949 YY4949	120	150	6.20 ab	13.23 a	50.0 ab	310 a	118 a	20.0 a	84.1 a
	120	225	6.36 ab	13.27 a	50.8 a	313 a	125 a	19.9 a	83.2 a
	185	150	6.21 ab	14.43 a	49.3 ab	326 a	119 a	20.0 a	84.0 a
	185	225	6.33 ab	13.73 a	50.1 ab	339 a	118 a	20.1 a	84.3 a
	250	150	5.65 b	13.72 a	48.4 b	328 a	105 b	22.2 a	83.0 a
	250	225	6.79 a	14.17 a	49.1 ab	335 a	120 a	20.1 a	84.9 a
	平均Mean		6.26 A	13.76 A	49.6 A	325 B	118 A	20.4 B	83.9 A