双季优质稻产量和品质形成对开放式主动增温的响应

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.8050

中国水稻科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 572-580.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.8050

双季优质稻产量和品质形成对开放式主动增温的响应

杨陶陶¹, 胡启星¹, 黄山¹, 曾研华^1,^*(), 谭雪明^1,^*(), 曾勇军¹, 潘晓华¹, 石庆华¹, 张俊²

¹作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西农业大学双季稻现代化生产协同创新中心/南方粮油作物协同创新中心,南昌 330045
²中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京 100081

收稿日期:2018-04-23 修回日期:2018-06-29 出版日期:2018-11-27 发布日期:2018-11-10
通讯作者: 曾研华,谭雪明
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0300501);江西省重点研发计划资助项目(20171BBF60030);江西现代农业科研协同创新专项 (JXXTCX2015001，JXXTCX2017001);江西省水稻产业技术体系专项(JXARS-02-03)

Response of Yield and Quality of Double-cropping High Quality Rice Cultivars Under Free-air Temperature Increasing

Taotao YANG¹, Qixing HU¹, Shan HUANG¹, Yanhua ZENG^1,^*(), Xueming TAN^1,^*(), Yongjun ZENG¹, Xiaohua PAN¹, Qinghua SHI¹, Jun ZHANG²

¹Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/ Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Nanchang 330045
²Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2018-04-23 Revised:2018-06-29 Online:2018-11-27 Published:2018-11-10
Contact: Yanhua ZENG, Xueming TAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的水稻是我国最重要的口粮作物。明确气候变暖对双季优质稻产量和稻米品质的影响对我国粮食安全至关重要。方法采用稻田开放式远红外主动增温系统,早稻以金早47(常规籼稻)、两优287(杂交籼稻),晚稻以象牙香珍(常规籼稻)、万象优华占(杂交籼稻)和甬优5550(杂交粳稻)为材料,设置全生育期增温和全生育期不增温2个处理,分别测定双季优质稻的产量、产量构成和稻米品质。结果与不增温相比,全生育期増温(1.3℃ ~1.6℃)对早晚籼稻产量影响不显著,但晚粳稻产量显著下降,降幅为10.2%,主要是因为其每穗粒数下降。全生育期增温降低了早晚稻株高;早稻生育期缩短了3~4 d,而晚稻生育期无明显变化。全生育期增温下,双季优质稻米垩白粒率和垩白度显著增加,早稻两优287出糙率和整精米率及晚粳甬优5550整精米率显著提高;同时,晚稻蛋白质含量提高,但晚粳直链淀粉含量降低,而早稻蛋白质和直链淀粉含量无明显变化;此外,稻米RVA谱特征值因季别和品种而异。结论全生育期增温对优质晚粳稻产量影响大于籼稻,不利于外观品质的保优,但有利于改善优质稻米加工品质,对晚稻营养品质和食味品质的影响也大于早稻。

关键词: 全球变暖, 增温, 双季稻产量, 稻米品质

Abstract:

【Objective】Rice is an important food crop in China, thus it is very important for food security to clarify the influence of global warming on the yield and quality of double-cropping high quality rice cultivars. 【Method】A free air temperature increasing facility (FATI) was constructed in a double-cropping rice system with Jinzao 47 (indica inbred) and Liangyou 287 (indica hybrid) as early rice and Xiangyaxiangzhen (indica inbred), Wanxiangyouhuazhan (indica hybrid) and, Yongyou 5550 (japonica hybrid) as late rice. The responses of rice yield, yield components, and grain quality to warming were determined. 【Result】The effect of warming (1.3℃–1.6℃) on the yield of early and late indica rice was not significant, but the yield of late japonica cultivar decreased by 10.2% mainly due to the decrease in grain number per panicle. Under FATI, the plant height of both early and late rice decreased. The growth duration of early rice was shortened by 3–4 days under warming, while that of the late rice did not change significantly. Warming significantly increased the chalky grain percentage and chalkiness for both early and late rice. The brown rice percentage of Liangyou 287 and the head rice percentage of both Liangyou 287 and Yongyou 5550 were significantly increased by warming. The protein content of late rice was significantly increased by warming, whereas the amylose content of late japonica rice showed the opposite trend. In contrast, both the protein and amylose contents of early rice were not significantly affected by warming. The characteristic values of RVA of rice varied with cropping seasons and cultivars. 【Conclusion】Warming exerted a greater influence on the yield of high quality late japonica rice than that of indica rice. Increasing temperature could improve the milling quality, but decrease the appearance quality. Late rice was more sensitive to warming in nutrition quality and eating quality as compared with early rice.

Key words: global warming, double-cropping rice, yield, rice quality

中图分类号:

杨陶陶, 胡启星, 黄山, 曾研华, 谭雪明, 曾勇军, 潘晓华, 石庆华, 张俊. 双季优质稻产量和品质形成对开放式主动增温的响应[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(6): 572-580.

Taotao YANG, Qixing HU, Shan HUANG, Yanhua ZENG, Xueming TAN, Yongjun ZENG, Xiaohua PAN, Qinghua SHI, Jun ZHANG. Response of Yield and Quality of Double-cropping High Quality Rice Cultivars Under Free-air Temperature Increasing[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 32(6): 572-580.

图/表 7

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季别 Season	品种 Cultivar	全天增温幅度 Canopy temperature increment			白天增温幅度 Daytime canopy temperature increment			夜间增温幅度 Nighttime canopy temperature increment
		全天增温幅度 Canopy temperature increment			白天增温幅度 Daytime canopy temperature increment			夜间增温幅度 Nighttime canopy temperature increment
		抽穗前 Pre-heading	抽穗后 Post-heading	全生育期 Whole growth duration	抽穗前 Pre-heading	抽穗后 Post-heading	全生育期 Whole growth duration	抽穗前 Pre-heading	抽穗后 Post-heading	全生育期 Whole growth duration
早稻 Early rice	金早47 Jinzao 47	1.7&#x000b1;0.1	0.8&#x000b1;0.1	1.3&#x000b1;0.1	1.7&#x000b1;0.1	0.4&#x000b1;0.	1.1&#x000b1;0.2	1.8&#x000b1;0.1	1.3&#x000b1;0.2	1.6&#x000b1;0.1
早稻 Early rice	两优287 Liangyou 287	1.3&#x000b1;0.1	1.3&#x000b1;0.2	1.3&#x000b1;0.1	1.1&#x000b1;0.1	0.5&#x000b1;0.1	0.8&#x000b1;0.1	1.6&#x000b1;0.1	1.6&#x000b1;0.1	1.6&#x000b1;0.1
晚稻 Late rice	象牙香珍 Xiangyaxiangzhen	1.6&#x000b1;0.2	1.7&#x000b1;0.2	1.6&#x000b1;0.3	1.4&#x000b1;0.2	1.3&#x000b1;0.2	1.4&#x000b1;0.2	1.9&#x000b1;0.1	2.0&#x000b1;0.2	1.9&#x000b1;0.2
	万象优华占 Wanxiangyouhuazhan	1.5&#x000b1;0.1	1.7&#x000b1;0.1	1.6&#x000b1;0.1	1.4&#x000b1;0.1	1.3&#x000b1;0.2	1.4&#x000b1;0.1	1.7&#x000b1;0.2	2.0&#x000b1;0.2	1.9&#x000b1;0.2
	甬优5550 Yongyou 5550	1.5&#x000b1;0.2	1.7&#x000b1;0.2	1.6&#x000b1;0.1	1.3&#x000b1;0.2	1.4&#x000b1;0.1	1.4&#x000b1;0.2	1.7&#x000b1;0.2	2.0&#x000b1;0.1	1.9&#x000b1;0.1

季别 Season	品种 Cultivar	全天增温幅度 Canopy temperature increment			白天增温幅度 Daytime canopy temperature increment			夜间增温幅度 Nighttime canopy temperature increment
		全天增温幅度 Canopy temperature increment			白天增温幅度 Daytime canopy temperature increment			夜间增温幅度 Nighttime canopy temperature increment
		抽穗前 Pre-heading	抽穗后 Post-heading	全生育期 Whole growth duration	抽穗前 Pre-heading	抽穗后 Post-heading	全生育期 Whole growth duration	抽穗前 Pre-heading	抽穗后 Post-heading	全生育期 Whole growth duration
早稻 Early rice	金早47 Jinzao 47	1.7&#x000b1;0.1	0.8&#x000b1;0.1	1.3&#x000b1;0.1	1.7&#x000b1;0.1	0.4&#x000b1;0.	1.1&#x000b1;0.2	1.8&#x000b1;0.1	1.3&#x000b1;0.2	1.6&#x000b1;0.1
早稻 Early rice	两优287 Liangyou 287	1.3&#x000b1;0.1	1.3&#x000b1;0.2	1.3&#x000b1;0.1	1.1&#x000b1;0.1	0.5&#x000b1;0.1	0.8&#x000b1;0.1	1.6&#x000b1;0.1	1.6&#x000b1;0.1	1.6&#x000b1;0.1
晚稻 Late rice	象牙香珍 Xiangyaxiangzhen	1.6&#x000b1;0.2	1.7&#x000b1;0.2	1.6&#x000b1;0.3	1.4&#x000b1;0.2	1.3&#x000b1;0.2	1.4&#x000b1;0.2	1.9&#x000b1;0.1	2.0&#x000b1;0.2	1.9&#x000b1;0.2
	万象优华占 Wanxiangyouhuazhan	1.5&#x000b1;0.1	1.7&#x000b1;0.1	1.6&#x000b1;0.1	1.4&#x000b1;0.1	1.3&#x000b1;0.2	1.4&#x000b1;0.1	1.7&#x000b1;0.2	2.0&#x000b1;0.2	1.9&#x000b1;0.2
	甬优5550 Yongyou 5550	1.5&#x000b1;0.2	1.7&#x000b1;0.2	1.6&#x000b1;0.1	1.3&#x000b1;0.2	1.4&#x000b1;0.1	1.4&#x000b1;0.2	1.7&#x000b1;0.2	2.0&#x000b1;0.1	1.9&#x000b1;0.1

季别 Season	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	移栽 Transplanting	抽穗 Heading	抽穗前 Pre-heading/d	成熟 Maturity	抽穗后 Post-heading/d	全生育期 Whole growth duration/d
早稻 Early rice	金早47 Jinzao 47	CK	04-28	06-15	48	07-18	33	81
	金早47 Jinzao 47	W	04-28	06-12	45	07-14	32	77
	两优287 Liangyou 287	CK	04-28	06-10	43	07-15	35	78
	两优287 Liangyou 287	W	04-28	06-08	41	07-12	34	75
晚稻 Late rice	象牙香珍 Xiangyaxiangzhen	CK	07-26	09-24	60	11-16	43	103
	象牙香珍 Xiangyaxiangzhen	W	07-26	09-24	60	11-16	43	103
	万象优华占 Wanxiangyouhuazhan	CK	07-26	09-14	50	11-13	50	100
	万象优华占 Wanxiangyouhuazhan	W	07-26	09-14	50	11-13	50	100
	甬优5550 Yongyou 5550	CK	07-26	09-13	49	11-15	53	102
	甬优5550 Yongyou 5550	W	07-26	09-13	49	11-15	53	102

季别 Season	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	移栽 Transplanting	抽穗 Heading	抽穗前 Pre-heading/d	成熟 Maturity	抽穗后 Post-heading/d	全生育期 Whole growth duration/d
早稻 Early rice	金早47 Jinzao 47	CK	04-28	06-15	48	07-18	33	81
	金早47 Jinzao 47	W	04-28	06-12	45	07-14	32	77
	两优287 Liangyou 287	CK	04-28	06-10	43	07-15	35	78
	两优287 Liangyou 287	W	04-28	06-08	41	07-12	34	75
晚稻 Late rice	象牙香珍 Xiangyaxiangzhen	CK	07-26	09-24	60	11-16	43	103
	象牙香珍 Xiangyaxiangzhen	W	07-26	09-24	60	11-16	43	103
	万象优华占 Wanxiangyouhuazhan	CK	07-26	09-14	50	11-13	50	100
	万象优华占 Wanxiangyouhuazhan	W	07-26	09-14	50	11-13	50	100
	甬优5550 Yongyou 5550	CK	07-26	09-13	49	11-15	53	102
	甬优5550 Yongyou 5550	W	07-26	09-13	49	11-15	53	102

季别 Season	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(&#x000D7;10⁴&#x000b7;hm²)	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 Grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(t&#x000b7;hm^-2)
早稻 Early rice	金早47	CK	266.0&#x000b1;24.4 a	143.9&#x000b1;12.4 a	75.2&#x000b1;0.6 a	26.4&#x000b1;0.3 a	7.42&#x000b1;0.58 a
	Jinzao 47	W	254.9&#x000b1;23.4 a	150.3&#x000b1;7.0 a	76.7&#x000b1;2.9 a	25.3&#x000b1;0.1 b	7.37&#x000b1;0.41 a
	两优287	CK	336.1&#x000b1;22.1 a	130.5&#x000b1;14.0 a	73.4&#x000b1;2.6 b	23.2&#x000b1;0.3 a	7.40&#x000b1;0.23 a
	Liangyou 287	W	328.5&#x000b1;29.7 a	123.3&#x000b1;4.4 a	80.7&#x000b1;3.2 a	22.9&#x000b1;0.2 a	7.47&#x000b1;0.34 a
晚稻 Late rice	象牙香珍	CK	331.8&#x000b1;17.0 a	156.6&#x000b1;13.4 a	64.2&#x000b1;2.9 a	18.9&#x000b1;0.5 a	8.82&#x000b1;0.56 a
Late rice	Xiangyaxiangzhen	W	345.7&#x000b1;29.4 a	149.9&#x000b1;2.9 a	66.7&#x000b1;6.0 a	18.6&#x000b1;0.6 a	9.05&#x000b1;0.58 a
	万象优华占	CK	356.9&#x000b1;21.7 a	169.8&#x000b1;14.1 a	76.9&#x000b1;2.5 a	21.2&#x000b1;0.1 a	10.03&#x000b1;0.70 a
	Wanxiangyouhuazhan	W	358.5&#x000b1;32.3 a	167.6&#x000b1;19.7 a	77.6&#x000b1;7.6 a	21.2&#x000b1;0.8 a	9.85&#x000b1;0.50 a
	甬优5550	CK	239.0&#x000b1;25.1 a	254.0&#x000b1;17.4 a	75.5&#x000b1;6.4 a	25.1&#x000b1;0.5 a	12.29&#x000b1;0.97 a
	Yongyou 5550	W	230.3&#x000b1;24.9 a	224.1&#x000b1;15.2 b	78.3&#x000b1;0.8 a	25.7&#x000b1;0.7 a	11.04&#x000b1;0.92 b

双季优质稻产量和品质形成对开放式主动增温的响应

Response of Yield and Quality of Double-cropping High Quality Rice Cultivars Under Free-air Temperature Increasing

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Metrics

季别 Season	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	长宽比 Length-width ratio	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate/%	垩白度Chalkiness /%	出糙率 Brown rice rate/%	精米率 Milled rice rate/%	整精米率 Head rice rate/%	蛋白质含量Protein content /%	直连淀粉含量Amylose content/%
早稻 Early rice	金早47 Jinzao 47	CK	2.10&#x000b1;0.00 a	99.3&#x000b1;0.6 a	43.7&#x000b1;2.2 b	77.1&#x000b1;1.3 a	65.7&#x000b1;0.8 a	47.0&#x000b1;1.2 a	9.77&#x000b1;0.58 a	20.39&#x000b1;0.23 a
	金早47 Jinzao 47	W	2.13&#x000b1;0.06 a	100.0&#x000b1;0.0 a	47.4&#x000b1;0.6 a	77.5&#x000b1;0.5 a	66.1&#x000b1;0.7 a	49.4&#x000b1;1.8 a	9.95&#x000b1;0.73 a	19.61&#x000b1;1.20 a
	两优287 Liangyou 287	CK	3.50&#x000b1;0.00 a	40.3&#x000b1;2.1 b	15.1&#x000b1;1.1 b	75.8&#x000b1;0.4 b	65.8&#x000b1;0.5 a	39.4&#x000b1;0.6 b	10.24&#x000b1;0.56 a	16.58&#x000b1;0.11 a
	两优287 Liangyou 287	W	3.53&#x000b1;0.06 a	45.3&#x000b1;3.8 a	20.2&#x000b1;1.9 a	78.8&#x000b1;1.5 a	66.4&#x000b1;1.8 a	44.9&#x000b1;0.6 a	10.04&#x000b1;0.82 a	16.82&#x000b1;0.28 a
晚稻 Late rice	象牙香珍 Xiangyaxiangzhen	CK	4.20&#x000b1;0.00 a	13.7&#x000b1;1.2 b	3.3&#x000b1;0.4 b	77.5&#x000b1;0.9 a	69.1&#x000b1;0.9 a	59.9&#x000b1;0.8 a	7.89&#x000b1;0.37 b	12.69&#x000b1;0.38 a
	象牙香珍 Xiangyaxiangzhen	W	4.20&#x000b1;0.00 a	18.0&#x000b1;3.7 a	4.6&#x000b1;0.7 a	78.2&#x000b1;1.3 a	69.6&#x000b1;0.5 a	61.2&#x000b1;0.2 a	8.93&#x000b1;0.12 a	12.47&#x000b1;0.33 a
	万象优华占 Wanxiangyouhuazhan	CK	4.07&#x000b1;0.06 a	18.0&#x000b1;2.0 b	5.5&#x000b1;0.6 b	81.5&#x000b1;0.4 a	72.8&#x000b1;0.5 a	60.8&#x000b1;3.5 a	7.52&#x000b1;0.32 b	13.49&#x000b1;0.35 a
	万象优华占 Wanxiangyouhuazhan	W	3.93&#x000b1;0.06 a	23.3&#x000b1;1.5 a	6.9&#x000b1;0.9 a	81.8&#x000b1;0.2 a	72.9&#x000b1;0.9 a	59.4&#x000b1;1.7 a	8.00&#x000b1;0.12 a	13.46&#x000b1;0.02 a
	甬优5550 Yongyou 5550	CK	2.33&#x000b1;0.06 a	20.3&#x000b1;1.5 a	5.1&#x000b1;0.8 a	82.8&#x000b1;0.6 a	74.9&#x000b1;1.1 a	65.6&#x000b1;3.3 b	6.98&#x000b1;0.16 b	14.39&#x000b1;0.23 a
	甬优5550 Yongyou 5550	W	2.37&#x000b1;0.06 a	23.3&#x000b1;2.9 a	5.7&#x000b1;0.9 a	83.2&#x000b1;0.3 a	76.0&#x000b1;0.6 a	71.9&#x000b1;1.2 a	7.75&#x000b1;0.20 a	13.09&#x000b1;0.12 b

季别 Season	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity /cP	热浆黏度 Hot viscosity /cP	崩解值 Breakdown	最终黏度 Final viscosity /cP	消解值 Setback	糊化时间 Peak time /min	糊化温度 Pasting temperature/℃
早稻Early rice	金早47 Jinzao 47	CK	3128.3&#x000b1;52.6 a	2397.7&#x000b1;64.7 a	730.7&#x000b1;12.1 b	4027.0&#x000b1;63.8 a	898.7&#x000b1;28.7 a	6.4&#x000b1;0.0 a	83.4&#x000b1;0.5 a
	金早47 Jinzao 47	W	3154.7&#x000b1;47.9 a	2336.7&#x000b1;50.4 a	818.0&#x000b1;6.1 a	4024.3&#x000b1;56.7 a	869.7&#x000b1;56.5 a	6.2&#x000b1;0.2 a	83.4&#x000b1;0.5 a
	两优287 Liangyou 287	CK	3244.7&#x000b1;54.4 a	2348.7&#x000b1;44.5 a	896.0&#x000b1;56.5 a	3855.3&#x000b1;63.3 a	610.7&#x000b1;84.2 a	6.3&#x000b1;0.0 a	83.3&#x000b1;0.9 a
	两优287 Liangyou 287	W	3201.7&#x000b1;20.0 a	2410.0&#x000b1;14.0 a	791.7&#x000b1;18.6 b	3838.3&#x000b1;67.3 a	636.7&#x000b1;47.6 a	6.4&#x000b1;0.1 a	84.1&#x000b1;0.4 a
晚稻Late rice	象牙香珍 Xiangyaxiangzhen	CK	3266.3&#x000b1;79.5 a	1660.7&#x000b1;41.2 a	1605.7&#x000b1;43.3 a	2645.0&#x000b1;72.8 a	-621.3&#x000b1;56.9 a	6.0&#x000b1;0.1 a	82.0&#x000b1;0.9 a
	象牙香珍 Xiangyaxiangzhen	W	3220.7&#x000b1;61.2 a	1553.7&#x000b1;36.0 b	1667.0&#x000b1;48.7 a	2459.0&#x000b1;93.3 b	-761.7&#x000b1;39.7 b	5.8&#x000b1;0.0 a	82.8&#x000b1;0.5 a
	万象优华占 Wanxiangyouhuazhan	CK	3376.5&#x000b1;57.3 a	1581.0&#x000b1;19.8 a	1795.5&#x000b1;77.1 a	2541.5&#x000b1;9.2 a	-835.0&#x000b1;66.5 a	5.8&#x000b1;0.0 a	83.5&#x000b1;0.6 a
	万象优华占 Wanxiangyouhuazhan	W	3374.3&#x000b1;119.0 a	1557.0&#x000b1;65.6 a	1817.3&#x000b1;84.0 a	2533.3&#x000b1;46.2 a	-841.0&#x000b1;84.9 a	5.7&#x000b1;0.0 a	83.6&#x000b1;0.4 a
	甬优5550 Yongyou 5550	CK	3450.7&#x000b1;14.2 b	2157.3&#x000b1;51.6 a	1293.3&#x000b1;52.6 b	3248.0&#x000b1;25.7 a	-202.7&#x000b1;14.6 a	6.3&#x000b1;0.1 a	80.7&#x000b1;2.0 a
	甬优5550 Yongyou 5550	W	3679.0&#x000b1;89.7 a	2195.0&#x000b1;38.6 a	1484.0&#x000b1;68.1 a	3245.7&#x000b1;49.1 a	-433.3&#x000b1;66.0 b	6.2&#x000b1;0.1 a	77.0&#x000b1;1.0 b

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