我国水稻主栽品种演替分析

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.8107

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的推广应用良种是发展高产优质高效农业的重要措施。良种推广意味着新品种代替老品种,即品种演替。了解品种的演替规律,不仅有助于了解育种历史,而且对育种和监管也能提供参考。本研究拟开发一套客观计算品种演替规律的算法。方法基于ASP.net平台和VB.net语法,编写程序算法,对SQL Server 2008数据库中收录的品种数据进行分析,得出过去30多年来我国水稻品种演替的一般规律。结果程序分析发现,基于面积变化的算法,得出水稻品种年均更替率约11.1%,基于品种个数变化的算法,得出水稻品种年均更替率约29.7%。结论我国水稻生产上,育成品种长期保持了较快的更替速率。分析了品种更替速率快的原因,并对今后提高育种效率提出了一些建议。

关键词: 主栽品种, 品种演替, 水稻

Abstract:

【Objective】Wide application of improved varieties is an important measure to develop high-yield, good quality and high-efficiency agriculture. It means that old varieties are replaced by new ones, namely, variety evolution. The insight into the evolution pattern of varieties not only helps understand the breeding history, but also provides a reference for breeding and supervision. We developed an algorithm for objective calculation of the replacement pattern of rice varieties in this study. 【Method】Based on the ASP. net platform and VB. net syntax, a program was compiled to analyze the rice variety data collected in SQL Server 2008 database, and the general rules of rice variety evolution in China in the past 30 years were obtained. 【Result】Program analysis shows that the average annual replacement rate of rice varieties is about 11.1% based on the area change algorithm, and 29.7% based on the variety number change algorithm. 【Conclusion】In rice production in China, the improved varieties have been replaced at a faster rate for a long time. The reasons for the high rate of varieties succession are analyzed, and some suggestions are put forward to improve the breeding efficiency.

Key words: major cultivars, cultivar evolution, rice

中图分类号:

S502.2

林海, 李婷婷, 童汉华, 王志刚, 王磊, 鄂志国. 我国水稻主栽品种演替分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(6): 565-571.

Hai LIN, Tingting LI, Hanhua TONG, Zhigang WANG, Lei WANG, Zhiguo E. Analysis on Evolution of Major Rice Cultivars in China[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 32(6): 565-571.

图/表 4

参考文献 16

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推广年限 Utilization years	大品种个数 Major variety No.	占比 Percentage to the total/%	推广面积 Growtin area / (×10⁴hm²)	大品种个数 Major variety no.	占比 Percentage to the total/%
1	1211	31.77	<10	2720	71.35
2~3	969	25.42	10~29	626	16.42
4~6	785	20.59	30~59	225	5.90
7~9	417	10.94	60~99	103	2.70
10~14	300	7.87	100~159	61	1.60
15~19	95	2.49	160~259	39	1.02
20~24	32	0.84	260~419	16	0.42
25~29	2	0.05	420~669	13	0.34
≥30	1	0.03	≥670	9	0.24

推广年限 Utilization years	大品种个数 Major variety No.	占比 Percentage to the total/%	推广面积 Growtin area / (×10⁴hm²)	大品种个数 Major variety no.	占比 Percentage to the total/%
1	1211	31.77	<10	2720	71.35
2~3	969	25.42	10~29	626	16.42
4~6	785	20.59	30~59	225	5.90
7~9	417	10.94	60~99	103	2.70
10~14	300	7.87	100~159	61	1.60
15~19	95	2.49	160~259	39	1.02
20~24	32	0.84	260~419	16	0.42
25~29	2	0.05	420~669	13	0.34
≥30	1	0.03	≥670	9	0.24

年份 Year	品种数 Variety No.	杂交稻数量 No. of hybrid combinations	常规稻数量 Conventional variety No.	总面积 Total area /(×10⁴ hm²)	单个品种平均面积 Area per variety	杂交稻面积 Hybrid variety area/ (×10⁴hm²)	杂交稻面积占比 Percentage of hybrid rice planting area to the total / %
1983	263	32	231	2140.27	8.14	545.73	25.50
1984	291	38	253	2244.43	7.71	800.87	35.68
1985	294	29	265	2213.00	7.53	728.60	32.92
1986	312	35	277	2224.56	7.13	805.40	36.20
1987	271	31	240	2128.93	7.86	900.20	42.28
1988	277	41	236	2379.60	8.59	1214.27	51.03
1989	271	42	229	2366.53	8.73	1191.87	50.36
1990	301	61	240	2696.47	8.96	1572.07	58.30
1991	245	60	185	2165.13	8.84	1364.60	63.03
1992	310	75	235	2511.73	8.10	1492.13	59.41
1993	309	75	234	2190.73	7.09	1282.47	58.54
1994	330	94	236	2219.33	6.73	1285.47	57.92
1995	292	97	195	1976.67	6.77	1349.47	68.27
1996	364	131	233	2342.33	6.43	1464.53	62.52
1997	415	159	256	2470.13	5.95	1567.80	63.47
1998	445	182	263	2449.47	5.50	1510.27	61.66
1999	410	178	232	2250.93	5.49	1394.40	61.95
2000	443	204	239	2331.13	5.26	1406.33	60.33
2001	467	217	250	2255.47	4.83	1431.67	63.48
2002	469	219	250	2210.93	4.71	1429.93	64.68
2003	470	231	239	2011.40	4.28	1321.47	65.70
2004	487	257	230	2232.60	4.58	1466.67	65.69
2005	619	363	256	2273.07	3.67	1485.93	65.37
2006	689	430	259	2429.33	3.53	1518.13	62.49
2007	694	414	280	2398.47	3.46	1473.73	61.44
2008	726	460	266	2397.33	3.30	1488.53	62.09
2009	754	478	276	2512.47	3.33	1438.47	57.25
2010	737	469	268	2367.33	3.21	1336.80	56.47
2011	775	497	278	2331.80	3.01	1320.67	56.64
2012	804	550	254	2358.33	2.93	1353.93	57.41
2013	814	531	283	2356.33	2.89	1259.80	53.46
2014	856	561	295	2373.13	2.77	1267.00	53.39
2015	819	528	291	2311.47	2.82	1213.80	52.51
2016	818	527	291	2309.80	2.82	1201.93	52.04

年份 Year	品种数 Variety No.	杂交稻数量 No. of hybrid combinations	常规稻数量 Conventional variety No.	总面积 Total area /(×10⁴ hm²)	单个品种平均面积 Area per variety	杂交稻面积 Hybrid variety area/ (×10⁴hm²)	杂交稻面积占比 Percentage of hybrid rice planting area to the total / %
1983	263	32	231	2140.27	8.14	545.73	25.50
1984	291	38	253	2244.43	7.71	800.87	35.68
1985	294	29	265	2213.00	7.53	728.60	32.92
1986	312	35	277	2224.56	7.13	805.40	36.20
1987	271	31	240	2128.93	7.86	900.20	42.28
1988	277	41	236	2379.60	8.59	1214.27	51.03
1989	271	42	229	2366.53	8.73	1191.87	50.36
1990	301	61	240	2696.47	8.96	1572.07	58.30
1991	245	60	185	2165.13	8.84	1364.60	63.03
1992	310	75	235	2511.73	8.10	1492.13	59.41
1993	309	75	234	2190.73	7.09	1282.47	58.54
1994	330	94	236	2219.33	6.73	1285.47	57.92
1995	292	97	195	1976.67	6.77	1349.47	68.27
1996	364	131	233	2342.33	6.43	1464.53	62.52
1997	415	159	256	2470.13	5.95	1567.80	63.47
1998	445	182	263	2449.47	5.50	1510.27	61.66
1999	410	178	232	2250.93	5.49	1394.40	61.95
2000	443	204	239	2331.13	5.26	1406.33	60.33
2001	467	217	250	2255.47	4.83	1431.67	63.48
2002	469	219	250	2210.93	4.71	1429.93	64.68
2003	470	231	239	2011.40	4.28	1321.47	65.70
2004	487	257	230	2232.60	4.58	1466.67	65.69
2005	619	363	256	2273.07	3.67	1485.93	65.37
2006	689	430	259	2429.33	3.53	1518.13	62.49
2007	694	414	280	2398.47	3.46	1473.73	61.44
2008	726	460	266	2397.33	3.30	1488.53	62.09
2009	754	478	276	2512.47	3.33	1438.47	57.25
2010	737	469	268	2367.33	3.21	1336.80	56.47
2011	775	497	278	2331.80	3.01	1320.67	56.64
2012	804	550	254	2358.33	2.93	1353.93	57.41
2013	814	531	283	2356.33	2.89	1259.80	53.46
2014	856	561	295	2373.13	2.77	1267.00	53.39
2015	819	528	291	2311.47	2.82	1213.80	52.51
2016	818	527	291	2309.80	2.82	1201.93	52.04