中国东北粳稻与日本粳稻产量差异及原因分析

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7098

中国水稻科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 357-364.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7098

中国东北粳稻与日本粳稻产量差异及原因分析

高虹^1,^2,³, 姜楠⁴, 吕国依⁵, 夏英俊⁶, 王嘉宇², 孙健², 唐亮², 徐正进^2,^*(), 隋国民^1,^*()

¹辽宁省农业科学院, 沈阳 110161
² 沈阳农业大学水稻研究所/农业部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/北方超级粳稻育种教育部重点实验室, 沈阳 110866
³辽宁省水稻研究所, 沈阳 110161
⁴沈阳市农业技术推广站, 沈阳 110034
⁵黑龙江省农业科学院五常水稻研究所, 黑龙江五常 150029
⁶沈阳工学院, 辽宁抚顺 113122

收稿日期:2017-08-15 修回日期:2018-01-06 出版日期:2018-07-10 发布日期:2018-07-10
通讯作者: 徐正进,隋国民
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFD0300708)

Dissection of Grain Yield Differences Between japonica Rice in Northeast China and in Japan

Hong GAO^1,^2,³, Nan JIANG⁴, Guoyi LÜ⁵, Yingjun XIA⁶, Jiayu WANG², Jian SUN², Liang TANG², Zhengjin XU^2,^*(), Guomin SUI^1,^*()

¹Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
²Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
³Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110161, China
⁴Shenyang Agricultural Technique Extension Station, Shenyang 110034, China
⁵Wuchang Rice Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuchang 150029, China
⁶Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun 113122, China

Received:2017-08-15 Revised:2018-01-06 Online:2018-07-10 Published:2018-07-10
Contact: Zhengjin XU, Guomin SUI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】随着籼粳稻杂交理想株型创造与超高产育种理论的应用,我国东北地区培育出大量高产粳稻品种,逐渐取代曾经占据主导地位的日本典型粳稻。本研究旨在通过分析中国东北粳稻与日本粳稻形态、遗传和产量的差异及原因,研究籼粳杂交对东北粳稻改良的影响。【方法】利用InDel和SSILP亚种特异性分子标记、程氏指数、维管束数目比分析比较中国东北与日本粳稻的籼粳成分和属性及与产量结构的关系。【结果】东北粳稻育成品种产量比日本典型粳稻高15.79%,每穗粒数多15.22%,粳型基因频率极显著低于日本粳稻。按程氏指数分类标准,东北粳稻籼粳类型是偏粳型。相关分析结果表明,籼型基因频率与穗数极显著负相关,与每穗粒数极显著正相关,且与一、二次枝梗数及其粒数正相关。【结论】东北粳稻籼型基因频率增加导致穗数减少,每穗粒数增加,同时将结实率和千粒重维持在较稳定水平是东北粳稻品种获得高产的关键。

关键词: 粳稻, 中国东北, 日本, 籼型基因频率, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 Breeding strategy of intersubspecific hybridization combined with utilization of ideal plant type has led to the variety replacement from Chinese high-yielding japonica varieties to the Japanese japonica varieties that ever dominated more than a century in northeast China. Here, we study the effects of hybridization between indica and japonica on japonica breeding in northeast China through feature comparisons of morphology, genetic and yield. 【Method】 The lineage proportion of indica was detected using subspecies-specific InDel and SSILP markers, the Cheng’s index and ratio of vascular bundle numbers, then their relationships with yield components were discussed. 【Result】The yield of japonica cultivars in northeast China increased 15.79% and spikelet number per panicle increased by 15.22% than Japanese japonica cultivars. The japonica-type allele frequency was significantly lower in japonica varieties in northeast China than in Japanese varieties; on the other hand a japonica-linous type was defined by Cheng’s index. A very significant negative correlation was observed between indica-type allele frequency with panicle number, and very significant or significant positive correlation with spikelet number per panicle, number of the primary rachis branches, number of grains on the primary rachis branches, number of secondary rachis branches, number of grains on the secondary rachis branches. 【Conclusion】The key to high yield of japonica cultivars in northeast China were to increase the spikelet number per panicle and reduced the number of panicles with the utilization of indica-type allele frequency, meanwhile, to maintain a high level of seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.

Key words: japonica rice, northeast China, Japan, indica-type allele frequency, yield

中图分类号:

S511.022

高虹, 姜楠, 吕国依, 夏英俊, 王嘉宇, 孙健, 唐亮, 徐正进, 隋国民. 中国东北粳稻与日本粳稻产量差异及原因分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(4): 357-364.

Hong GAO, Nan JIANG, Guoyi LÜ, Yingjun XIA, Jiayu WANG, Jian SUN, Liang TANG, Zhengjin XU, Guomin SUI. Dissection of Grain Yield Differences Between japonica Rice in Northeast China and in Japan[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 32(4): 357-364.

图/表 8

参考文献 24

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地区	参数	产量	穗数Panicle number	每穗粒数	结实率	千粒重
Region	Parameter	Yield / (t·hm^-2)	/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	SPP	SSR/%	GW/g
日本Japan	平均数Mean	8.36±1.66	369.90±105.06	117.25±25.06	84.41±10.80	24.81±2.87
	CV/%	19.83	28.40	21.38	12.80	11.58
中国东北	平均数Mean	9.68±1.38	343.63±74.75	135.10±28.50	87.35±6.36	24.87±1.84
Northeast China	CV/%	14.27	21.75	21.10	7.28	7.39
	差异Difference /%	15.79	―7.10	15.22	3.48	0.24
	F值 F value	11.37^**	1.29	5.49^*	2.20	0.01

地区	参数	产量	穗数Panicle number	每穗粒数	结实率	千粒重
Region	Parameter	Yield / (t·hm^-2)	/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	SPP	SSR/%	GW/g
日本Japan	平均数Mean	8.36±1.66	369.90±105.06	117.25±25.06	84.41±10.80	24.81±2.87
	CV/%	19.83	28.40	21.38	12.80	11.58
中国东北	平均数Mean	9.68±1.38	343.63±74.75	135.10±28.50	87.35±6.36	24.87±1.84
Northeast China	CV/%	14.27	21.75	21.10	7.28	7.39
	差异Difference /%	15.79	―7.10	15.22	3.48	0.24
	F值 F value	11.37^**	1.29	5.49^*	2.20	0.01

地区 Region	参数 Parameter	程氏指数 ChI	大维管束比 RLVB	大小维管束比 RLSVB
日本Japan	Mean	18.75	2.55	0.56
日本Japan	标准差SD	0.98	0.19	0.04
	CV/%	5.25	7.29	7.61
中国东北 Northeast China	Mean	16.30	2.36	0.59
中国东北 Northeast China	标准差SD	1.44	0.27	0.07
	CV/%	8.86	11.56	12.39
差异Difference /%	―13.07		–7.45	5.36
F值 F value	48.86		5.05^*	5.56^*

地区 Region	参数 Parameter	程氏指数 ChI	大维管束比 RLVB	大小维管束比 RLSVB
日本Japan	Mean	18.75	2.55	0.56
日本Japan	标准差SD	0.98	0.19	0.04
	CV/%	5.25	7.29	7.61
中国东北 Northeast China	Mean	16.30	2.36	0.59
中国东北 Northeast China	标准差SD	1.44	0.27	0.07
	CV/%	8.86	11.56	12.39
差异Difference /%	―13.07		–7.45	5.36
F值 F value	48.86		5.05^*	5.56^*

性状 Characteristic	产量 Yield / (t·hm^-2)	穗数 Panicles number /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 SPP	结实率 SSR/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g
籼型基因频率F_i	–0.086	–0.392^**	0.437^**	0.058	–0.202^**
程氏指数ChI	–0.043	0.450^**	–0.455^**	–0.143	0.120^**
大维管束比RLVB	0.158	0.405^**	–0.427^**	0.014	0.299^**
大小维管束比RLSVB	0.011	–0.214^**	0.257^**	–0.084	–0.082^**

中国东北粳稻与日本粳稻产量差异及原因分析

Dissection of Grain Yield Differences Between japonica Rice in Northeast China and in Japan

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Metrics

地区 Region	参数 Parameter	穗长 PL/cm	一次枝梗The primary rachis branch						着粒密度 SD /(No.∙cm^-1)	二次粒率 SBGR /%
地区 Region	参数 Parameter	穗长 PL/cm	枝梗数 PBN	粒数 GPB	结实率 SSRPB/%	枝梗数 SBN	粒数 GSB	结实率 SSRSB/%	着粒密度 SD /(No.∙cm^-1)	二次粒率 SBGR /%
日本	平均数Mean	18.9	10.4	52.3	91.2	19.6	46.5	77.0	6.2	49.14
Japan	标准差SD	1.6	1.1	9.4	8.0	5.0	18.6	15.0	1.2	7.44
	CV/%	8.5	10.9	18.0	8.8	25.4	40.1	19.5	18.5	15.15
中国东北	平均数Mean	18.3	11.2	57.3	94.6	24.9	60.7	81.5	7.4	54.75
Northeast China	标准差SD	1.9	2.0	13.2	4.6	6.4	18.4	9.4	1.7	6.72
	CV/%	10.2	17.4	23.0	4.8	25.5	30.3	11.5	23.0	12.28
差异Difference/%		–3.1	7.6	9.5	3.7	27.1	30.4	5.9	19.5	11.42
F值 F value		1.2	2.5	2.2	5.4^*	9.7^**	8.1^**	2.5	7.5^**	8.12^**

性状 Characteristic	穗长 PL/cm	一次枝梗The primary rachis branch						着粒密度 SD/(No.∙cm^-1)	二次粒率 SBGR/%
性状 Characteristic	穗长 PL/cm	枝梗数 Branch number	粒数 Grain number	结实率 SSR/%	枝梗数 Branch number	粒数 Grain number	结实率 SSR/%	着粒密度 SD/(No.∙cm^-1)	二次粒率 SBGR/%
籼型基因频率F_i	0.034	0.259^**	0.263^**	0.110	0.470^**	0.493^**	0.078	0.386^**	0.336^**
程氏指数ChI	0.115	–0.488^**	–0.405^**	–0.110	–0.429^**	–0.422^**	–0.168	–0.504^**	–0.145^**
大维管束比RLVB	0.108	–0.389^**	–0.287^**	–0.061	–0.451^**	–0.378^**	–0.002	–0.484^**	–0.264^**
大小维管束比RLSVB	–0.036	0.226^**	0.168^**	–0.057	0.292^**	0.197^**	–0.049	0.289^**	0.150^**

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