土壤施用生物质炭对取食水稻的灰飞虱生活史特征的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】为评价土壤施用生物质炭在防治农作物害虫中的潜力,观察了土壤施用生物质炭对取食水稻的灰飞虱(Laodelphaxstriatellus)发育和生殖的影响。【方法】开展室内盆栽试验,采用生物质炭种类(玉米、水稻和小麦秸秆)与添加量（0、30和50g/kg）的2因素×3水平组合处理土壤,种植水稻苗、接种灰飞虱,观察灰飞虱的发育和生殖表现。【结果】1)生物质炭种类与添加量互作影响灰飞虱若虫历期,当施用玉米或水稻生物质炭时,不同添加量之间的若虫历期无显著差异;当施用小麦生物质炭时,添加30g/kg生物质炭处理下的若虫历期比对照(18.70±0.30 d)延长1.54 d。2)生物质炭种类与添加量没有显著互作影响雌成虫寿命。添加量不影响,但生物质炭种类具有显著影响,施用玉米或小麦生物质炭处理雌成虫寿命比水稻生物质炭处理雌成虫寿命(23.70±0.48d)分别延长2.13 d或3.10 d。3)生物质炭种类与添加量互作影响灰飞虱雌虫终身产卵量,施用生物质炭使生殖力下降,但下降幅度随生物质炭处理不同而异,当添加30g/kg生物质炭时,施用玉米生物质炭处理下的雌虫终身产卵量(176.40±6.84粒)比施用水稻或小麦生物质炭处理分别多22.80粒或18.95粒;当添加50g/kg生物质炭时,施用玉米生物质炭处理的雌虫终身产卵量(140.30±3.26粒)比施用水稻或小麦生物质炭处理分别少16.90粒或21.60粒。【结论】施用生物质炭可减弱灰飞虱的生殖力,减幅随生物质炭种类与添加量的不同而异。

关键词: 生物质炭, 稻飞虱, 发育, 生殖, 土壤改良

Abstract:

【Objective】To investigate the potential of biochar application in the control of crop pests, weevaluated the effect of biochar amendment to soil on the small brown rice planthopper(Laodelphaxstriatellusas)on rice. 【Method】Laboratory experiments were conducted using a 2 × 3 factorial design to explore the effect of the two independent variables (biochar type and application level) on developmental and reproductive performances of the insect on potted rice plants.【Result】1) Biochar type and application level had an interactive effect on the nymphal duration, which though did not vary with application levels when corn or rice biochar was applied, yet significantly prolonged by 1.54 days when wheat biochar was applied at 30 g/kg compared to 18.70±0.30 d in the control. 2) Biochar type and application level did not have interactive effects on longevity of female adults. Biochar application level did not influence female adult longevity, but corn biochar significantly increased the longevity by 2.13 d compared to 23.70±0.48d with addition of rice biochar, for wheat biochar,by 3.10 d. 3) There was abiochar type × application levelinteraction effect on fecundity. Biochar amendment decreased lifetime fecundity of L. striatellusbut the effect varied with biochar type and application level. At 30 g/kg biochar level, the fecundity increased for corn biochar by 22.80 and 18.95 eggs compared to those, for rice and wheat biochar respectively. At 50 g/kg biochar level, the fecundity decreased for corn biochar by 16.90 and 21.60 eggs compared to thosefor rice biochar and wheat biochar.【Conclusion】Biochar amendment to soil can have a negative impact on fecundity of L. striatellus, yet theimpact varies with biochar type and application level.

Key words: biochar, rice planthopper, development, reproduction, soil amendment

中图分类号:

傅强, 李保平, 孟玲. 土壤施用生物质炭对取食水稻的灰飞虱生活史特征的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 1(1): 200-206.

Qiang FU, Baoping LI, Ling MENG. Effects ofBiochar Amendment to Soil on Life HistoryTraits of Laodelphaxstriatellus(Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on Rice Plants[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 1(1): 200-206.

图/表 6

图1 施用生物质炭种类及其添加量对灰飞虱若虫历期的影响图中短柄表示均值±标准误;不同大写字母表示同种生物质炭种类下不同添加量之间在5%水平上差异显著;不同小写字母表示同种添加量下不同生物质炭种类之间在5%水平上差异显著。下同。

Fig.1. Effects of biochar type and application level on nymphal duration of L.striatellus. Error bar represent mean ± standard error; Different capital letters represent significant differences between application levels of the same biochar; different lowercase letters represent significant differences between biochar types at the same application level at α = 0.05 (two-tailed) level. The annotation applies to the following figures.

图2 施用生物质炭种类及其添加量对灰飞虱若虫存活率的影响

Fig. 2. Effects of biochar type and application level on nymphal survival of L. striatellus.

图3 施用生物质炭种类及其添加量对灰飞虱雌虫比例(A)和短翅率(B)的影响

Fig. 3. Effects of biochar type and application level on proportion of females(A) and brachypterous forms(B) in L. striatellus.

图4 施用生物质炭种类及其添加量对灰飞虱雌成虫寿命的影响

Fig. 4. Effects of biochar type and application level on female adult longevity of L. striatellus.

图5 施用生物质炭种类及其添加量对灰飞虱雌虫终身产卵量的影响

Fig. 5. Effects of biochar type and application level on lifetime fecundity of L. striatellus.

图6 施用生物质炭种类及其添加量对灰飞虱卵孵化率的影响

Fig. 6. Effects of biochar type and application level on egg-hatching rate of L. striatellus.

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