臭氧胁迫对不同敏感型水稻干物质积累与分配的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7097

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究臭氧胁迫对不同敏感型水稻物质生产与分配的影响,为耐性水稻品种的选育提供参考。【方法】利用自然光气体熏蒸平台,以23个水稻品种或株系为供试材料,设置室内对照(臭氧浓度为10 nL/L)和臭氧浓度增高臭氧浓度为(100 nL/L)处理,研究臭氧胁迫对水稻成熟期地上部物质积累与分配的影响及其与最终生长量响应的关系。采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法,将所有供试材料按地上部最终生物量对臭氧胁迫的响应从小到大依次分为A、B和C三类不同敏感型水稻。【结果】与对照相比,臭氧胁迫使A、B和C类水稻成熟期地上部干质量平均分别下降19%、39%和52%,B和C类达极显著水平。臭氧胁迫使A类水稻成熟期叶片干质量略增,但使B类(–11%)、C类水稻(–25%)极显著下降。臭氧胁迫下A、B和C类水稻的茎秆和稻穗干质量均显著或极显著下降,其中茎秆干质量分别下降26%、41%和57%,稻穗干质量分别下降34%、59%和62%。臭氧胁迫使叶片占地上部干质量的比例大幅增加(+46%),而茎秆(–8%)和稻穗(–24%)占地上部干质量的比例极显著下降。臭氧处理与水稻类型对上述参数均有不同程度的交互作用,表现为A类水稻对臭氧的响应明显小于其他两类水稻。【结论】100 nL/L臭氧浓度严重影响水稻器官建成,减少光合产物向茎秆和稻穗的分配比例,但使叶片干质量比例大幅增加,臭氧熏蒸还导致茎秆机械强度明显下降。这些变化敏感水稻总体上较钝感类型水稻表现更为明显。

关键词: 水稻, 臭氧, 物质积累, 物质分配, 茎秆抗折力

Abstract:

【Objective】The dry matter accumulation and distribution of rice with different ozone sensitivity in response to ozone stress were studiedin order to provide reference for ozone-tolerant rice breeding.【Method】Twenty-three rice cultivars or lines were grown in glasshouse-type fumigation chambers with low ozone concentration as control (C-O₃, 10 nL/L) and high ozone concentration as elevated O₃ treatment (E-O₃, 100 nL/L) from a week after transplanting until maturity.The effects of ozone stress on dry matter accumulation and distribution of rice genotypes were determined, as well as the relationships between their responses to ozone stress and the ozone-induced changes in the above-ground biomass at maturity stage. Based on the ozone-induced changes in the above-ground dry weight, these rice genotypes were clustered into three types by the MinSSw (dynamic clustering method-minimum sum of squares within groups) method.【Result】Compared to the control, ozone stress decreased the above-ground dry weight of three rice types A, B and C at maturity by 19%, 39% and 52%, respectively, and significant treatment effects were detected in B and C. Ozone stress slightly increased the leaf dry weight of rice type A, but significantly decreased that of B (-11%) and C (-25%). Ozone stress significantly decreased stem dry weight by 26%, 41% and 57%, panicle dry weight by 34%, 59% and 62% of rice types A, B and C, respectively.Ozone stress significantly increased the ratio of leaf to above-ground dry weight (+46%), but significantly decreased that of stem (-8%) and panicle (-24%). Ozone level and rice eype interacted with the measured parameters to various degress, which gave rise to small changes in rice type A compared to type B and C.【Conclusion】The above results indicated that, ozone concentration of 100 nL/Lseriously inhibited the growth of rice organs, decreasedassimilatesallocation to stems and panicles, but greatly increased assimilates allocation toleaves, resulted in the decrease of mechanical strength of rice stems. In general, theseozone-induced changes in ozone-sensitive rice genotypes were more obvious thanthosein ozone-resistant rice types.

Key words: rice, ozone, dry matter accumulation, dry matter distribution, stembreaking resistance

中图分类号:

S181
S511.01

邵在胜, 穆海蓉, 赵轶鹏, 彭斌, 王余龙, 王云霞, 杨连新. 臭氧胁迫对不同敏感型水稻干物质积累与分配的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 1(1): 181-188.

Zaisheng SHAO, Hairong MU, Yipeng ZHAO, Bin PENG, Yulong WANG, Yunxia WANG, Lianxin YANG. Impacts of Ozone Stress on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Rice Genotypes with Different Ozone Sensitivity[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 1(1): 181-188.

图/表 5

图1 臭氧胁迫对不同类型水稻成熟期地上部干质量(a)、叶片干质量(b)、茎秆干质量(c)和稻穗干质量(d)的影响 C-O3–对照;E-O3–高臭氧浓度。图2和图3同。**,*,ns分别表示处理间在P<0.01、P<0.05、P>0.1水平上差异显著(最小显著差法,LSD)。

Fig. 1. Effects of ozone stress on the above-ground dry weight (a), leaf dry weight (b), stem dry weight (c) and panicle dry weight (d) of different types of rice at maturity. C-O3, Control; E-O3, Elevated ozone concentration.**,*, and ns representsignificant difference at P<0.01, P<0.05 and P>0.1 levels, respectively(LSD). The same as in Figure 2 and Figure 3.

表1 不同类型水稻物质积累与分配对臭氧胁迫响应的多重比较

Table 1 Multiple comparisonof dry matter accumulation and distribution of different types of rice in response to ozone stress.

类型 Type	地上部干质量 Above-ground dry weight	物质积累量Dry matter accumulation			物质分配Dry matter distribution
类型 Type	地上部干质量 Above-ground dry weight	叶片 Leaf	茎秆 Stem	稻穗 Panicle	叶片 Leaf	茎秆 Stem	稻穗 Panicle
A	c	c	c	b	b	ab	a
B	b	b	b	a	ab	b	a
C	a	a	a	a	a	a	a

图2 臭氧胁迫对不同类型水稻叶片(a)、茎秆(b)和稻穗(c)占地上部干质量比例的影响

Fig. 2. Effects of ozone stress on the ratio of leaf (a), stem (b) and panicle (c) to above-ground dry weight of different types of rice.

图3 臭氧胁迫对不同类型水稻田间单株抗折力(a)和单茎基部节间抗折力(b)的影响

Fig. 3. Effects of ozone stress on the pushing resistance of the lower part of a single plant (a) and breaking resistance of the basal internode of a single stem (b) of different types of rice.

表2 水稻地上部物质积累及分配对臭氧胁迫的响应与茎秆抗折力响应的相关性分析(n=23)

Table 2 Correlation analysis ofozone-induced changes in dry matter accumulation and distribution of rice and breaking resistance of stem(n=23).

参数 Paramater	物质积累量Dry matter accumulation			物质分配Dry matter distribution
参数 Paramater	叶片 Leaf	茎秆 Stem	稻穗 Panicle	叶片 Leaf	茎秆 Stem	稻穗 Panicle
田间单株抗折力 Pushing resistance of the lower part of a single plant	0.301	0.740^**	0.647^**	-0.512^*	0.141	0.076
单茎基部节间抗折力 Breaking resistance of the basal internode of a single stem	0.145	0.550^**	0.435^*	-0.555^**	0.158	0.064

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