生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式对黄泥田水稻群体质量的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7041

中国水稻科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (1): 169-180.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7041

生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式对黄泥田水稻群体质量的影响

周旋^1,^2,³, 金蓉⁴, 吴良欢^1,^2,^*(), 戴锋⁵

¹浙江大学环境与资源学院/教育部环境修复与生态健康重点实验室, 杭州 310058
²浙江大学环境与资源学院/浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室, 杭州 310058
³湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125
⁴浙江大学农业试验站, 杭州 310058
⁵浙江奥复托化工有限公司,浙江上虞 312300

收稿日期:2017-04-01 出版日期:2018-01-10 发布日期:2018-03-10
通讯作者: 吴良欢
基金资助:
苕溪流域农村污染治理技术集成与规模化工程示范（2014ZX07101-012）;国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目（2015CB150502）;浙江省“三农六方”科研协作计划资助项目;浙江大学—浙江奥复托化工有限公司合作项目

Effects of Combined Biochemical Inhibitors and Fertilization Models on Rice Population Quality in Yellow Clayey Field

Xuan ZHOU^1,^2,³, Rong JIN⁴, Lianghuan WU^1,^2,^*(), DAIFeng⁵

¹Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
²Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
³ Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
⁴Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
⁴Zhejiang Aofutuo Chemical Limited Company,Shangyu 312300, China,

Received:2017-04-01 Online:2018-01-10 Published:2018-03-10
Contact: Lianghuan WU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】添加生化抑制剂是提高水稻肥料利用率的有效途径之一。本研究旨在结合不同施肥模式揭示其节肥增效的群体优势,寻找适合黄泥田地区水稻高产高效的施用方式。【方法】采用二因素随机区组设计,研究生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式(一次性和分次施肥)互作对黄泥田水稻群体质量的影响。【结果】尿素分次施用处理水稻有效茎蘖数、有效叶面积指数(LAI)、抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量、抽穗期SPAD值和籽粒产量较一次性施用处理分别显著提高0.8%、24.0%、9.3%、1.5%和14.2%。不同施肥模式下,配施生化抑制剂组合N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺/N-丙基硫代磷酰三胺+2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(NBPT/NPPT+CP)显著提高水稻有效茎蘖数及茎蘖成穗率,增加抽穗后干物质积累量,增大有效LAI,增加抽穗期SPAD值,提高水稻粒叶比,改善源库关系。相关性分析表明,抽穗至成熟期干物质累积与水稻籽粒产量呈显著正相关。新型脲酶抑制剂N-丙基硫代磷酰三胺(NPPT)单独施用及与2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(CP)配施的水稻群体质量与N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)相似。【结论】通过施肥技术和抑制剂配施的集成与优化,可以改善黄泥田水稻群体质量,提高光合产物转化,获得更高产量。

关键词: 脲酶抑制剂, 硝化抑制剂, N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT), N-丙基硫代磷酰三胺(NPPT), 2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(CP), 黄泥田, 群体质量

Abstract:

【Objective】Application of biochemical inhibitors is one of the effective ways to improve fertilizer use efficiency of rice. The objective of this study is to reveal rice population heterosis as affected by combined inhibitors and fertilization models, and find a suitable high-yield and efficient application method for rice growing region in yellow clayey soil. 【Method】The experiment was conducted to study the interaction effect of biochemical inhibitor combinations and fertilization models (one-off and three-time fertilization) on population quality of rice in yellow clayey field using two factor randomized block design. 【Result】Three-split urea fertilization significantly increased number of productive tillers, effective leaf area index(LAI), dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, SPAD value at heading stage and grain yield of rice by 0.8%, 24.0%, 9.3%, 1.5% and 14.2% compared withthose of one-off fertilization treatment, respectively. On the other hand, addition of biochemical inhibitor (NBPT/NPPT+CP) significantly increased number of productive tillers, panicle setting rate, dry matter accumulation after heading, efficient LAI, and SPAD value at heading stage of rice, and also improved the grain to leaf ratio, enhanced the source-sink relationship among different fertilization models. Correlation analysis showed that dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity was significantly positively related with rice grain yield. Application of new urease inhibitor NPPT alone or combined with CP had the same effect on population quality in paddy field with NBPT. 【Conclusion】The integration and optimization of fertilization technique and combined inhibitors application can improve population quality of rice, photosynthetic product transformation and grainyield in yellow clay field.

Key words: urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphorictriamide (NBPT), N-(n-propyl) thiophosphorictriamide(NPPT), 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine (CP), yellow clay field, population quality.

中图分类号:

周旋, 金蓉, 吴良欢, 戴锋. 生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式对黄泥田水稻群体质量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 1(1): 169-180.

Xuan ZHOU, Rong JIN, Lianghuan WU, DAIFeng. Effects of Combined Biochemical Inhibitors and Fertilization Models on Rice Population Quality in Yellow Clayey Field[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 1(1): 169-180.

图/表 11

参考文献 42

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处理	施N量	抑制剂	抑制剂添加量(以N为基础)	施肥方式
Treatment	N rate/(kg·hm^-2)	Type	Rate/%	Application method
CK	0	无N0	0	不施氮肥Zero nitrogen fertilizer application
U	180	无N0	0	一次性基施One-off basal application
U+NBPT	180	NBPT	0.5	一次性基施One-off basal application
U+NPPT	180	NPPT	0.5	一次性基施One-off basal application
U+CP	180	CP	0.3	一次性基施One-off basal application
U+NBPT+CP	180	NBPT+CP	0.5+0.3	一次性基施One-off basal application
U+NPPT+CP	180	NPPT+CP	0.5+0.3	一次性基施One-off basal application
U3	180	无N0	0	m_基肥:m_分蘖肥:m_穗肥=5:3:2
U3+NBPT	180	NBPT	0.5	m_基肥:m_分蘖肥:m_穗肥=5:3:2
U3+NPPT	180	NPPT	0.5	m_基肥:m_分蘖肥:m_穗肥=5:3:2
U3+CP	180	CP	0.3	m_基肥:m_分蘖肥:m_穗肥=5:3:2
U3+NBPT+CP	180	NBPT+CP	0.5+0.3	m_基肥:m_分蘖肥:m_穗肥=5:3:2
U3+NPPT+CP	180	NPPT+CP	0.5+0.3	m_基肥:m_分蘖肥:m_穗肥=5:3:2

处理	施N量	抑制剂	抑制剂添加量(以N为基础)	施肥方式
Treatment	N rate/(kg·hm^-2)	Type	Rate/%	Application method
CK	0	无N0	0	不施氮肥Zero nitrogen fertilizer application
U	180	无N0	0	一次性基施One-off basal application
U+NBPT	180	NBPT	0.5	一次性基施One-off basal application
U+NPPT	180	NPPT	0.5	一次性基施One-off basal application
U+CP	180	CP	0.3	一次性基施One-off basal application
U+NBPT+CP	180	NBPT+CP	0.5+0.3	一次性基施One-off basal application
U+NPPT+CP	180	NPPT+CP	0.5+0.3	一次性基施One-off basal application
U3	180	无N0	0	m_基肥:m_分蘖肥:m_穗肥=5:3:2
U3+NBPT	180	NBPT	0.5	m_基肥:m_分蘖肥:m_穗肥=5:3:2
U3+NPPT	180	NPPT	0.5	m_基肥:m_分蘖肥:m_穗肥=5:3:2
U3+CP	180	CP	0.3	m_基肥:m_分蘖肥:m_穗肥=5:3:2
U3+NBPT+CP	180	NBPT+CP	0.5+0.3	m_基肥:m_分蘖肥:m_穗肥=5:3:2
U3+NPPT+CP	180	NPPT+CP	0.5+0.3	m_基肥:m_分蘖肥:m_穗肥=5:3:2

处理 Treatment	最高茎蘖数 Maximum tiller number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	有效茎蘖数 Productive tiller number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	成穗率 Productive tiller rate/%
CK	250.0±7.2 d	216.7±6.3 d	86.7±2.5 ab
U	416.7±12.0 a	272.9±7.9 c	65.5±1.9 c
U+NBPT	354.2±10.2 bc	291.7±8.4 abc	82.4±2.4 ab
U+NPPT	343.8±9.9 bc	280.2±8.1 bc	81.5±2.4 ab
U+CP	350.0±10.1 bc	283.3±8.2 bc	81.0±2.3 ab
U+NBPT+CP	353.3±10.2 bc	284.6±8.2 abc	80.5±2.3 b
U+NPPT+CP	341.7±9.9 bc	285.5±8.2 abc	83.5±2.4 ab
U3	415.8±12.0 a	275.0±7.9 c	66.1±1.9 c
U3+NBPT	353.3±10.2 bc	291.7±8.4 abc	82.5±2.4 ab
U3+NPPT	370.8±10.7 b	300.0±8.7 ab	80.9±2.3 ab
U3+CP	366.7±10.6 bc	300.0±8.7 ab	81.8±2.4 ab
U3+NBPT+CP	358.3±10.4 bc	308.3±8.9 a	86.0±2.5 ab
U3+NPPT+CP	337.1±9.7 c	299.0±8.6 ab	88.7±2.6 a
ANOVA
F	ns	*	ns
I	***	ns	***
F × I	ns	ns	ns

处理 Treatment	最高茎蘖数 Maximum tiller number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	有效茎蘖数 Productive tiller number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	成穗率 Productive tiller rate/%
CK	250.0±7.2 d	216.7±6.3 d	86.7±2.5 ab
U	416.7±12.0 a	272.9±7.9 c	65.5±1.9 c
U+NBPT	354.2±10.2 bc	291.7±8.4 abc	82.4±2.4 ab
U+NPPT	343.8±9.9 bc	280.2±8.1 bc	81.5±2.4 ab
U+CP	350.0±10.1 bc	283.3±8.2 bc	81.0±2.3 ab
U+NBPT+CP	353.3±10.2 bc	284.6±8.2 abc	80.5±2.3 b
U+NPPT+CP	341.7±9.9 bc	285.5±8.2 abc	83.5±2.4 ab
U3	415.8±12.0 a	275.0±7.9 c	66.1±1.9 c
U3+NBPT	353.3±10.2 bc	291.7±8.4 abc	82.5±2.4 ab
U3+NPPT	370.8±10.7 b	300.0±8.7 ab	80.9±2.3 ab
U3+CP	366.7±10.6 bc	300.0±8.7 ab	81.8±2.4 ab
U3+NBPT+CP	358.3±10.4 bc	308.3±8.9 a	86.0±2.5 ab
U3+NPPT+CP	337.1±9.7 c	299.0±8.6 ab	88.7±2.6 a
ANOVA
F	ns	*	ns
I	***	ns	***
F × I	ns	ns	ns

处理 Treatment	抽穗期干质量 Biomass at heading /(t·hm^-2)	抽穗期干质量占总干质量比例 Biomass at heading to total biomass/%	抽穗至成熟期干物质积累 Biomass from heading to maturity/(t·hm^-2)	花后干质量占总干质量比例 Post-anthesis biomass to total biomass/%	成熟期干质量 Total biomass atmaturity/(t·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index/%
CK	9.8±0.3 b	12.4±0.4 e	1.4±0.1 f	87.6±2.5 a	11.2±0.3 g	57.5±1.7 a
U	10.8±0.3 a	28.0±0.8 d	4.2±0.1 e	72.0±2.1 b	15.0±0.4 f	47.7±1.4 d
U+NBPT	10.3±0.3 ab	32.0±0.9 c	4.9±0.1 d	68.0±2.0 bcd	15.2±0.4 ef	50.1±1.4 cd
U+NPPT	10.1±0.3 ab	36.3±1.0 ab	5.7±0.1 c	63.7±1.8 de	15.8±0.5 cdef	52.5±1.5 bc
U+CP	10.4±0.3 ab	37.5±1.1 ab	6.3±0.2 b	62.5±1.8 de	16.7±0.5 abcd	51.5±1.5 bcd
U+NBPT+CP	10.2±0.3 ab	36.8±1.1 ab	5.9±0.1 bc	63.2±1.8 de	16.2±0.5 abcdef	52.6±1.5 bc
U+NPPT+CP	10.6±0.3 ab	35.4±1.0 b	5.8±0.2 c	64.6±1.9 de	16.4±0.5 abcde	51.1±1.5 bcd
U3	10.9±0.3 a	29.7±0.9 cd	4.6±0.1 de	70.3±2.0 bc	15.5±0.4 def	52.1±1.5 bcd
U3+NBPT	10.5±0.3 ab	35.3±1.0 b	5.7±0.2 c	64.7±1.9 de	16.2±0.5 abcdef	52.6±1.5 bc
U3+NPPT	10.4±0.3 ab	35.3±1.0 b	5.6±0.1 c	64.7±1.9 cde	16.0±0.5 bcdef	52.7±1.5 bc
U3+CP	10.9±0.3 a	36.6±1.1 ab	6.3±0.2 b	63.4±1.8 de	17.2±0.5 ab	53.3±1.5 abc
U3+NBPT+CP	10.8±0.3 a	36.8±1.1 ab	6.3±0.2 b	63.2±1.8 de	17.0±0.5 abc	55.3±1.6 ab
U3+NPPT+CP	10.7±0.3 ab	38.8±1.1 a	6.8±0.2 a	61.2±1.8 e	17.4±0.5 a	54.2±1.6 abc
ANOVA
F	ns	ns	***	ns	*	***
I	ns	***	***	**	**	ns
F×I	ns	ns	*	ns	ns	ns

生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式对黄泥田水稻群体质量的影响

Effects of Combined Biochemical Inhibitors and Fertilization Models on Rice Population Quality in Yellow Clayey Field

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	总LAI Total LAI	有效LAI Efficient LAI	高效LAI High efficient LAI	有效叶面积率 Efficient LAI rate/%	高效叶面积率 High efficient LAI rate/%
CK	5.5±0.2 g	4.3±0.1 d	2.2±0.1 f	78.8±5.7 ab	40.9±3.0 b
U	9.5±0.3 de	7.4±0.2 c	5.2±0.2 d	78.0±5.6 ab	54.8±4.0 a
U+NBPT	9.1±0.3 ef	8.1±0.2 bc	5.1±0.1 de	89.7±6.5 ab	55.9±4.0 a
U+NPPT	9.6±0.3 de	8.5±0.2 b	5.8±0.2 c	88.2±6.4 ab	60.6±4.4 a
U+CP	8.7±0.2 f	8.0±0.2 bc	5.2±0.2 d	91.9±6.6 a	60.0±4.3 a
U+NBPT+CP	8.5±0.2 f	7.8±0.2 bc	4.6±0.1 e	92.3±6.7 a	54.2±3.9 a
U+NPPT+CP	9.1±0.3 ef	7.8±0.2 bc	5.1±0.1 de	85.6±6.2 ab	55.7±4.0 a
U3	12.6±0.4 a	9.2±0.3 a	7.7±0.2 a	73.3±5.3 b	61.1±4.4 a
U3+NBPT	10.8±0.3 b	9.6±0.3 a	6.5±0.2 b	89.2±6.4 ab	60.1±4.3 a
U3+NPPT	9.9±0.3 cd	9.4±0.3 a	5.9±0.2 c	94.4±6.8 a	59.5±4.3 a
U3+CP	11.4±0.3 b	9.5±0.3 a	6.8±0.2 b	83.7±6.0 ab	60.1±4.3 a
U3+NBPT+CP	11.1±0.3 b	9.7±0.3 a	6.5±0.2 b	88.1±6.4 ab	58.9±4.3 a
U3+NPPT+CP	10.7±0.3 bc	9.7±0.3 a	6.4±0.2 b	91.4±6.6 ab	60.4±4.4 a
ANOVA
F	***	***	***	ns	ns
I	**	ns	***	ns	ns
F×I	**	ns	***	ns	ns

处理 Treatment	颖花数/叶面积 Spikelet number/leaf area/(cm^-2)	实粒数/叶面积 Filled grain number/leaf area/(cm^-2)	粒重/叶面积 Grain yield/leaf area/(mg·cm^-2)
CK	0.88±0.02 a	0.78±0.02 a	12.2±0.4 a
U	0.65±0.02 bcd	0.53±0.02 cde	8.9±0.3 def
U+NBPT	0.67±0.02 bc	0.55±0.01 cd	9.9±0.3 bc
U+NPPT	0.63±0.02 cde	0.55±0.02 cd	9.5±0.3 cd
U+CP	0.66±0.02 bc	0.55±0.01 c	9.9±0.3 bc
U+NBPT+CP	0.66±0.02 bc	0.56±0.02 c	10.5±0.3 b
U+NPPT+CP	0.69±0.02 b	0.61±0.02 b	10.7±0.3 b
U3	0.59±0.02 ef	0.48±0.01 f	8.2±0.2 f
U3+NBPT	0.55±0.01 f	0.49±0.01 ef	8.6±0.3 ef
U3+NPPT	0.60±0.02 def	0.51±0.01 def	9.1±0.3 de
U3+CP	0.57±0.02 f	0.50±0.01 ef	8.9±0.3 def
U3+NBPT+CP	0.56±0.01 f	0.49±0.01 ef	8.6±0.3 ef
U3+NPPT+CP	0.60±0.02 def	0.52±0.01 cdef	8.9±0.3 def
ANOVA
F	***	***	***
I	ns	*	**
F×I	ns	ns	ns

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