不同秧龄下机插方式与密度对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用特征的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.7019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】机插秧是当前我国水稻种植发展的主要方向,探索不同秧龄下机插方式与密度对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用特征的影响,对提高水稻产量和氮肥利用率,加快水稻机械化高产高效栽培技术的集成具有重要意义。【方法】以超级杂交稻F优498为材料,采用两因素裂区试验设计,在25 d和40 d秧龄下,通过“钵苗机插+高密度”、“钵苗机插+中密度”、“钵苗机插+低密度”、“毯苗机插+高密度”、“毯苗机插+中密度”、“毯苗机插+低密度”6种机插方式与密度配合的处理,研究其对氮素利用特征、根系生长特性的影响,并探讨根系生长与氮素利用及产量的关系。【结果】各生育时期氮素吸收与各阶段氮素积累量,齐穗至成熟期氮素吸收速率、茎和叶的氮素转运量、穗部氮素增加量、氮素偏生产力、拔节后根系干质量以及产量,25 d秧龄均较40 d秧龄优势明显。在相同秧龄下,与毯苗机插相比,钵苗机插可促进杂交稻各生育时期根系生长,提高氮素积累及吸收速率,增加结实期各器官氮素的转运量,从而提高稻谷产量;尤其在秧龄25 d、钵苗机插株距为15.5 cm时,较其他处理优势明显,为本研究最优处理。毯苗机插在25 d秧龄与株距为12 cm时,也能够获得较高产量;密度降低,提高了根冠比及茎叶转运率,但降低了各时期的氮素积累量、吸收速率以及结实期茎叶的转运量,产量较低。相关性分析表明,不同秧龄机插方式与密度配合下,主要生育时期根干质量与产量及氮素吸收利用均存在极显著正相关( r = 0.47**~ 0.83**),齐穗和成熟期根冠比与产量及氮素吸收利用均极显著负相关( r = -0.52**和-0.79**)。【结论】机插杂交稻25 d秧龄根系生长及氮素利用特性均优于40 d秧龄,且钵苗较毯苗机插能优化水稻个体与群体关系,但其机插密度不宜过高或过低,行距与株距以33 cm×15.5 cm为宜,可促进氮素吸收利用及产量同步提高;且拔节与成熟期根系的生长对产量影响显著。研究结果可为水稻钵苗机插秧高产高效栽培技术集成及应用提供技术和实践依据。

关键词: 水稻, 秧龄, 机插方式, 密度, 氮, 根系

Abstract:

【Objective】Mechanical transplanting is the main development direction of the rice planting in China, and it has important significance for increasing rice yield, nitrogen (N) use efficiency and accelerating integration of high yield and efficient cultivation techniques of rice mechanization by researching the effects of mechanical-transplanted modes and density on root growth and characteristics of N utilization in hybrid rice at different seedling-ages. 【Method】A split plot design was used with the super hybrid rice F you 498 as material to analyze the effects of six mechanical-transplanted modes and density combined treatments of “bowl mechanical-transplanting with high density, bowl mechanical-transplanting with middle density, bowl mechanical-transplanting with low density, carpet mechanical-transplanting with high density carpet mechanical-transplanting with middle density, and carpet mechanical-transplanting with low density” on characteristics of N utilization, root growth, and to recover the relationship between root growth with N utilization and yield at different seedling-ages. 【Result】The N uptake of main growth period, N accumulation at growth and development stage, N absorption rate, N translocation amount of stem and leaf from full-heading to maturity, N increase in panicle, N partial factor productivity and root dry weight after jointing stage, and yield of 25-day-old seedlings have an obvious advantage over that of 40-day-old seedlings. Compared with carpet mechanical-transplanting, the bowl mechanical-transplanting can improve the root growth at different growth stages, enhance N accumulation and uptake rate, increase the amount of N translocation to various organs during grain filling stage, so as to increase the grain yield. Especially the best treatment, the bowl mechanical-transplanting with a plant spacing of 15.5 and 25-day-old seedlings has obvious advantages than other treatments. And carpet mechanical-transplanting can also help get a higher yield with the plant spacing of 12 cm and 25-day-old seedlings, but the yield will be reduced when density decreased even though it improved the root to shoot ratio, transport rate of leaf and stem, but decreased N accumulation of each period, absorption rate, and the leaf and stem translocation amount during grain filling stage. Correlation analysis showed that grain yield and N uptake and utilization were significantly correlated with root dry weight of main growth period (r=0.47**~0.83**), but significantly negatively correlated with root-shoot-ratio of full-heading and maturity period (r=-0.52**~ -0.79**). 【Conclusion】For root growth and N uptake and utilization characteristics, 25-day-old seedlings were better than 40-day-old seedlings and bowl mechanical-transplanting can optimize the relationship between individuals and population, but seedling density should be moderate, the most suitable spacing is 33 cm × 15.5 cm. It can promote the absorption and utilization of N and grain yield. Furthermore, the findings suggested that attention should be paid to the root growth from jointing stage and maturity stage, because of its significant effect on yield. The result laid a technical and practical basis for the high yield and high efficiency cultivation technology of bowl mechanical-transplanting.

Key words: rice, seedling-age, mechanical-transplanting mode, density, nitrogen, root

中图分类号:

李应洪, 孙永健, 李玥, 吕腾飞, 蒋明金, 严奉君, 马均. 不同秧龄下机插方式与密度对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用特征的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(6): 599-610.

Yinghong LI, Yongjian SUN, Yue LI, Tengfei LÜ, Mingjin JIANG, Fengjun YAN, Jun MA. Effects of Mechanical-transplanted Modes and Density on Root Growth and Characteristics of Nitrogen Utilization in Hybrid Rice at Different Seedling-ages[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(6): 599-610.

图/表 8

参考文献 33

[1]	朱德峰, 陈惠哲. 水稻机插秧发展与粮食安全. 中国稻米, 2009, (6): 4-7.
	Zhu D F, Chen H Z.Development of mechanical-transplanting rice and food safety.China Rice, 2009(6): 4-7 (in Chinese)
[2]	朱德峰, 程式华, 张玉屏, 林贤青, 陈惠哲. 全球水稻生产现状与制约因素分析. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(3): 474-479.
	Zhu D F, Cheng S H, Zhang Y P, Lin X Q, Chen H Z.Analysis of status and constraints of rice production in the world.Sci Agric Sin, 2010, 43(3): 474-479 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	张洪程. 水稻钵苗精确机插高产栽培新技术. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2014: 1-8.
	Zhang H C.High yield cultivation technology of rice bowl mechanical-transplanting. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2014: 1-8(in Chinese)
[4]	张洪程, 龚金龙. 中国水稻种植机械化高产农艺研究现状及发展探讨. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(7): 1273-1289.
	Zhang H C, Gong J L.Research status and development discussion on high-yielding agronomy of mechanized planting rice in china.Sci Agric Sin, 2014, 47(7): 1273-1289. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	张洪程, 朱聪聪, 霍中洋, 许轲, 蒋晓鸿, 陈厚存, 高尚勤, 李德剑, 赵成美, 戴其根, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 钵苗机插水稻产量形成优势及主要生理生态特点. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(21): 50-59.
	Zhang H C, Zhu C C, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Jang X H, Chen H C, Gao S Q, Li D J, Zhao C M, Dai Q G, Wei H Y, Guo B W.Advantages of yield formation and main characteristics of physiological and ecological in rice with nutrition bowl mechanical transplanting.Trans CSAE, 2013, 29(21): 50-59 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	陈琨, 赵小蓉, 王昌全, 曾祥忠, 赵燮京. 成都平原不同施肥水平下稻田地表径流氮、磷流失初探. 西南农业学报, 2009, 22(3): 685-689.
	Chen K, Zhao X R, Wang C Q, Zeng X Z, Zhao X J.Nitrogen and phosphorus loss by surface run off in different fertilization levels in Chengdu plain.Southwest Chin J Agric Sci, 2009, 22(3): 685-689. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	Xu F X, Xiong H, Zhang L .Variation of nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of mid-season hybrid rice at different ecological sites under different nitrogen application levels.Agric Sci & Technol Hunan, 2011, 12(7): 1001-1009, 1012.
[8]	龚金龙, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 籼、粳超级稻氮素吸收利用与转运差异研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(4): 796-810.
	Gong J L, Xing Z P, Hu Y J, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H.Differences of nitrogen uptake, utilization and translocation between Indica and Japonica super rice.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2014, 20(4): 796-810. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	赵敏, 胡剑锋, 钟晓媛, 张强, 周虹, 任万军. 不同基因型机插稻植株氮素积累运转特性. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(2): 277-287.
	Zhao M, Hu J F, Zhong X Y, Zhang Q, Zhou H, Ren W J.Differences in N accumulation and translocation in the machine-transplanted rice genotypes.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2015, 21(2): 277-287. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	彭玉, 孙永健, 蒋明金, 徐徽, 秦俭, 杨志远, 马均. 不同水分条件下缓/控释氮肥对水稻干物质量和氮素吸收、运转及分配的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 19(5): 859-870.
	Peng Y, Sun Y J, Jiang M J, Xu H, Qin J, Yang Z Y, Ma J.Effects of slow-controlled release fertilizers on root morphological and physiological characteristics of rice.Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 19(5): 859-870. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	孙永健, 孙园园, 徐徽, 杨志远, 秦俭, 彭玉, 马均. 水氮管理模式与磷钾肥配施对杂交水稻冈优725养分吸收的影响. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(7): 1335-1346.
	Sun Y J, Sun Y Y, Xu H, Yang Z Y, Qin J, Peng Y, Ma J.Effects of water-nitrogen management patterns and combined application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on nutrient absorption of hybrid rice Gangyou 725.Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46(7): 1335-1346. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	邓飞, 王丽, 任万军, 刘代银, 杨文钰. 不同生态条件下栽植方式对中籼迟熟杂交稻组合Ⅱ优498氮素积累与分配的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(20): 4310-4325.
	Deng F, Wang L, Ren W J, Liu D Y, Yang W Y.Effects of planting methods on nitrogen accumulation and distribution of mid-late indica hybrid rice combination ⅡYou 498 under different ecological conditions.Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45(20): 4310-4325. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	严奉君, 孙永健, 马均, 徐徽, 李玥, 杨志远, 蒋明金, 吕腾飞. 秸秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(1): 23-35.
	Yan F J, Sun Y J, Ma J, Xu H, Li Y, Yang Z Y, Jiang M J, Lv T F.Effects of straw mulch and nitrogen management on root growth and nitrogen utilization characteristics of hybrid rice.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2015, 21(1): 23-35. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	许轲, 周兴涛, 曹利强, 张洪程, 郭保卫, 陈厚存, 吴中华, 朱聪聪, 杨岩. 不同类型钵苗及摆栽密度对粳型超级稻氮素吸收利用与转运特征的影响. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(23): 4876-4892.
	Xu K, Zhou X T, Cao L Q, Zhang H C, Guo B W, Chen H C, Wu Z H, Zhu C C, Yang Y.Effects of different types of bowl seedlings and densities on characteristics of nitrogen uptake, utilization and translocation of bowl transplanted japonica super rice.Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46(23): 4876-4892. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	陈健晓, 林朝上, 胡春花, 符研. 不同栽培密度对博优225产量与氮利用效率的影响. 广东农业科学, 2012, (7): 34-37.
	Chen J X, Lin C S, Hu C H, Fu Y, Effects of different cultured density on yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of Boyou 225.Guangdong Agric Sci, 2012, (7): 34-37. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	孙永健, 马均, 孙园园, 杨志远, 徐徽, 熊洪, 徐富贤. 施氮量和株距对机插杂交稻结实期养分转运和产量的影响. 核农学报, 2014, 28(8): 1510-1520.
	Sun Y J, Ma J, Sun Y Y, Yang Z Y, Xu H, Xiong H, Xu F X.Effects of nitrogen application rates and plant spacing on nutrient translocation during filling stage and yield of mechanical-transplanted hybrid rice.J Nuc Agric Sci, 2014, 28(8): 1510-1520. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	吴文革, 周永进, 张健美, 陈刚, 许有尊, 李胜群, 左庆, 叶为发, 余友玲, 杨成林, 孙雪原. 杂交中籼稻钵苗机插群体特征及产量形成优势分析. 核农学报, 2016, 30(7): 1427-1434.
	Wu W G, Zhou Y J, Zhang J M, Cheng G, Xu Y Z, Li S Q, Zuo Q, Ye W F, Yu Y L, Yang C L, Sun X Y.Analysis on population characteristics and yield formation advantages of pot-seedling mechanical transplanting middle-season indica hybrid rice.J Nucl Agric Sci, 2016, 30(7): 1472-1434. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	刘利, 雷小龙, 黄光忠, 刘代银, 任万军. 机械化播栽对杂交稻氮素积累分配及碳氮比的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(4): 831-844.
	Liu L, Lei X L, Huang G Z, Liu D Y, Ren W J.Influences of mechanical sowing and transplanting on nitrogen accumulation, distribution and C/N of hybrid rice cultivars.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2014, 20(4): 831-844. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	赵敏, 胡剑锋, 钟晓媛, 张强, 周虹, 任万军. 不同基因型机插稻植株氮素积累运转特性. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(2): 277-287.
	Zhao M, Hu J F, Zhong X Y, Zhang Q, Zhou H, Ren W J.Differences in N accumulation and translocation in the machine-transplanted rice genotypes.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2015, 21(2): 277-287. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	梁天锋, 徐世宏, 刘开强, 王殿君, 梁和, 董登峰, 韦善清, 周佳民, 胡钧铭, 江立庚. 栽培方式对水稻氮素吸收利用与分配特性影响的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(1): 20-26.
	Liang T F, Xu S H, Liu K Q, Wang D J, Liang R, Dong D F, Wei S Q, Zhou J M, Hu J M, Jiang L G.Studies on influence of cultivation patterns on characteristics of nitrogen utilization and distribution in rice.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2010, 16(1): 20-26. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	周江明, 赵琳, 董越勇, 徐进, 边武英, 毛杨仓, 章秀福. 氮肥和栽植密度对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(2): 274-281.
	Zhou J M, Zhao L, Dong Y Y, Xu J, Bian W Y, Mao Y C, Zhang X F.Nitrogen and transplanting density interactions on the rice yield and N use rate.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2010, 16(2): 274-281. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	徐新朋, 周卫, 梁国庆, 孙静文, 王秀斌, 何萍, 徐芳森, 余喜初. 氮肥用量和密度对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(3): 763-772.
	Xu X P, Zhou W, Liang G Q, Sun J W, Wang X B, He P, Xu F S, Yu X C.Effects of nitrogen and density interactions on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of double-rice systems.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2015, 21(3): 763-772. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	郭翔. 水稻强化栽培适宜秧龄及旱育秧临界移栽秧龄研究. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2010.
	Guo X.The research on the proper transplanting seedling age in the system of rice intensification and the critical transplanting seedling age of dry nursery. Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2010. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	任万军. 水稻栽后根系发生和生长机制研究. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2005.
	Ren W J.Study on mechanism of seedling rooting and root growth of rice after transplanting. Ya’an: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2005. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	李静. 生态条件和栽培密度对水稻群体特征、产量和品质的影响. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2013.
	Li J.Effects of ecological conditions and transplanting density on the rice population characteristics yield and quality, Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2013. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	吴文革, 张健美, 周永进, 陈刚, 许有尊, 李胜群, 严文学, 高尚勤. 江淮水稻钵苗机插生育特性与高产栽培关键技术研究. 中国稻米, 2015, 21(4): 118-124.
	Wu W G, Zhang J M, Zhou Y J, Chen G, Xu Y Z, Li S Q, Yan W X, Gao S Q.Study on growth and development characteristics and high-yielding cultivation techniques of rice with nutrition bowl mechanical transplanting in Jianghuai area.China Rice, 2015, 21(4): 118-124. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	张祖建, 王君, 郎有忠, 于林惠, 薛艳凤, 朱庆森. 机插稻超秧龄秧苗的生长特点研究. 作物学报, 2008, 34(2): 297-304.
	Zhang Z J, Wang J, Lang Y Z, Yu L H, Xue Y F, Zhu Q S.Growing characteristics of rice seedlings of over-optimum age for mechanical transplanting.Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(2): 297-304. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]	杨建昌. 水稻根系形态生理与产量、品质形成及养分吸收利用的关系. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(1): 36-46.
	Yang J C.Relationships of rice root morphology and physiology with the formation of grain yield and quality and the nutrient absorption and utilization.Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44(1): 36-46. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	华晶晶. 水、旱稻根系生长与氮素吸收利用差异的研究. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2013.
	Hua J J.A study of the different absorption and utilization of nitrogen between paddy rice and upland rice. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2013. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	李杰, 张洪程, 常勇, 龚金龙, 胡雅杰, 龙厚元, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 高产栽培条件下种植方式对超级稻根系形态生理特征的影响. 作物学报, 2011, 37(12): 2208-2220.
	Li J, Zhang H C, Chang Y, Gong J L, Hu Y J, Long H Y, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H.Influence of planting methods on root System morphological and physiological characteristics of super rice under high-yielding cultivation condition.Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(12): 2208-2220. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	徐国伟, 王贺正, 翟志华, 孙梦, 李友军. 不同水氮耦合对水稻根系形态生理、产量与氮素利用的影响. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(10): 132-141.
	Xu G W, Wang H Z, Zhai Z H, Sun M, Li Y J.Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on root morphology and physiology, yield and nutrition utilization for rice.Trans CSAE, 2015, 31(10): 132-141. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	彭玉, 马均, 蒋明金, 严奉君, 孙永健, 杨志远. 缓/控释肥对杂交水稻根系形态、生理特性和产量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5): 1048-1057.
	Peng Y, Ma J, Jiang M J, Yan F J, Sun Y J, Yang Z Y.Effects of slow-controlled release fertilizers on root morphological and physiological characteristics of rice.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2013, 19(5): 1048-1057. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]	蔡昆争. 水稻栽培群体根系的生长冗余和结构优化. 广州: 华南农业大学, 2001.
	Cai K Z.Growth redundancy and structure optimization of root system in a cultivated rice community. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2001. (in Chinese with English abstract)

秧龄 Seedling-age	机插方式 Transplanting -method	分蘖盛期 Tillering	拔节期 Jointing	齐穗期 Full-heading	成熟期 Maturity	全生育期天数 DTG/d	移栽-拔节天数 DTJ/d	拔节-齐穗天数 DJF/d	齐穗-成熟天数 DFM/d
T₁	M₁	05-27	06-13	07-21	08-29	149	47	38	39
T₁	M₂	05-28	06-14	07-22	08-31	151	48	38	40
T₂	M₁	06-10	06-21	07-27	09-07	158	40	36	42
T₂	M₂	06-11	06-23	07-28	09-09	160	42	35	43

秧龄 Seedling-age	机插方式 Transplanting -method	分蘖盛期 Tillering	拔节期 Jointing	齐穗期 Full-heading	成熟期 Maturity	全生育期天数 DTG/d	移栽-拔节天数 DTJ/d	拔节-齐穗天数 DJF/d	齐穗-成熟天数 DFM/d
T₁	M₁	05-27	06-13	07-21	08-29	149	47	38	39
T₁	M₂	05-28	06-14	07-22	08-31	151	48	38	40
T₂	M₁	06-10	06-21	07-27	09-07	158	40	36	42
T₂	M₂	06-11	06-23	07-28	09-09	160	42	35	43

秧龄 Seedling- age	处理 Treatment	基本苗数 Basic seedling number /(×10⁴ hm^-2)	主要生育时期氮吸收量 N uptake at main growth stage/(kg·hm^-2)			阶段氮吸收量 N uptake at growth and development stage/(kg·hm^-2)		氮素偏生产力N partial factor productivity /(kg·kg^-1)	氮收获指数 N harvest index /%	稻谷产量 Grain yield /(t·hm^-2)
秧龄 Seedling- age	处理 Treatment	基本苗数 Basic seedling number /(×10⁴ hm^-2)	拔节期 Jointing	齐穗期 Full-heading	成熟期Maturity	拔节-齐穗期 Jointing to full-heading	齐穗-成熟期 Full-heading to maturity	氮素偏生产力N partial factor productivity /(kg·kg^-1)	氮收获指数 N harvest index /%	稻谷产量 Grain yield /(t·hm^-2)
T₁	M₁D₁	58.52±2.65 cd	87.35±1.28 a	174.27±1.03 b	203.92±0.21 b	86.92±1.85 a	29.65±1.24 a	68.11±1.88 b	61.55±1.25 a	12.26±0.32 b
	M₁D₂	54.74±2.65 de	87.05±0.64 a	177.79±2.40 a	208.43±0.97 a	90.74±1.77 a	30.64±1.60 a	70.79±0.68 a	61.36±2.56 a	12.74±0.11 a
	M₁D₃	51.42±3.89 e	82.42±0.71 b	169.16±3.61 c	197.76±1.50 c	86.74±4.06 a	28.59±4.96 a	64.48±1.25 c	61.02±1.44a	11.61±0.22 c
	M₂D₄	90.56±5.51 a	79.87±1.19 b	162.45±2.39 d	189.80±1.64 d	82.57±3.05 b	27.35±1.73 a	61.63±2.22 d	60.16±1.46 b	11.09±0.40 d
	M₂D₅	77.62±4.82 b	70.30±1.23 c	148.07±0.33 e	171.50±1.90 e	77.77±1.53 c	23.43±1.82 b	56.12±2.37 e	59.84±3.22 b	10.10±0.43 e
	M₂D₆	60.37±2.65 c	68.49±0.74 c	146.08±0.75 e	167.38±0.57 f	77.60±0.94 c	21.29±0.47 b	55.31±1.47 e	59.55±2.49 b	9.96±0.26 e
	平均Average	65.54	79.25	162.97	189.80	83.72	26.83	62.74	60.58	11.29
T₂	M₁D₁	56.01±2.65 cd	81.32±5.79 a	164.10±2.42 a	191.95±3.07 a	82.78±5.98 a	27.85±4.85 a	62.66±0.94 a	60.33±0.91 a	11.28±0.17 a
	M₁D₂	52.40±2.65 de	77.24±1.08 b	159.05±1.95 b	185.83±3.63 b	81.80±1.93 ab	26.79±1.87 ab	60.45±1.13 a	60.30±0.85 a	10.88±0.20 a
	M₁D₃	49.22±0.77 e	72.08±0.75 c	150.26±1.83 d	173.46±2.12 d	78.18±1.17 bc	23.20±1.65 bc	57.40±1.33 b	59.86±1.44 ab	10.33±0.24 b
	M₂D₄	85.00±2.27 a	75.25±1.96 b	153.72±3.82 c	179.52±0.35 c	78.47±3.09 abc	25.80±3.92 ab	57.93±0.92 b	60.29±5.22 a	10.43±0.17 b
	M₂D₅	72.86±2.65 b	66.01±1.78 d	143.06±0.89 e	165.31±0.39 e	77.05±1.01 cd	22.24±0.86 cd	53.35±1.38 c	59.84±2.79 ab	9.60±0.25 c
	M₂D₆	56.67±2.65 c	61.22±1.54 e	135.77±1.16 f	154.94±1.26 f	74.55±2.70 d	19.17±1.52 d	47.60±1.01 d	59.41±2.01 b	8.57±0.18 d
	平均Average	62.03	72.19	150.99	175.17	78.81	24.18	56.56	60.01	10.18
F值 F value	T	6.86	327.62**	354.09**	682.04**	648.27**	39.24*	578.38**	23.94*	580.32**
	MD	122.43**	77.73**	157.65**	387.52**	10.78**	9.21**	81.70**	7.32**	81.63**
	T×MD	0.28	2.17	9.26**	22.37**	1.71	0.54	4.90**	2.32	4.90**

秧龄 Seedling- age	处理 Treatment	基本苗数 Basic seedling number /(×10⁴ hm^-2)	主要生育时期氮吸收量 N uptake at main growth stage/(kg·hm^-2)			阶段氮吸收量 N uptake at growth and development stage/(kg·hm^-2)		氮素偏生产力N partial factor productivity /(kg·kg^-1)	氮收获指数 N harvest index /%	稻谷产量 Grain yield /(t·hm^-2)
秧龄 Seedling- age	处理 Treatment	基本苗数 Basic seedling number /(×10⁴ hm^-2)	拔节期 Jointing	齐穗期 Full-heading	成熟期Maturity	拔节-齐穗期 Jointing to full-heading	齐穗-成熟期 Full-heading to maturity	氮素偏生产力N partial factor productivity /(kg·kg^-1)	氮收获指数 N harvest index /%	稻谷产量 Grain yield /(t·hm^-2)
T₁	M₁D₁	58.52±2.65 cd	87.35±1.28 a	174.27±1.03 b	203.92±0.21 b	86.92±1.85 a	29.65±1.24 a	68.11±1.88 b	61.55±1.25 a	12.26±0.32 b
	M₁D₂	54.74±2.65 de	87.05±0.64 a	177.79±2.40 a	208.43±0.97 a	90.74±1.77 a	30.64±1.60 a	70.79±0.68 a	61.36±2.56 a	12.74±0.11 a
	M₁D₃	51.42±3.89 e	82.42±0.71 b	169.16±3.61 c	197.76±1.50 c	86.74±4.06 a	28.59±4.96 a	64.48±1.25 c	61.02±1.44a	11.61±0.22 c
	M₂D₄	90.56±5.51 a	79.87±1.19 b	162.45±2.39 d	189.80±1.64 d	82.57±3.05 b	27.35±1.73 a	61.63±2.22 d	60.16±1.46 b	11.09±0.40 d
	M₂D₅	77.62±4.82 b	70.30±1.23 c	148.07±0.33 e	171.50±1.90 e	77.77±1.53 c	23.43±1.82 b	56.12±2.37 e	59.84±3.22 b	10.10±0.43 e
	M₂D₆	60.37±2.65 c	68.49±0.74 c	146.08±0.75 e	167.38±0.57 f	77.60±0.94 c	21.29±0.47 b	55.31±1.47 e	59.55±2.49 b	9.96±0.26 e
	平均Average	65.54	79.25	162.97	189.80	83.72	26.83	62.74	60.58	11.29
T₂	M₁D₁	56.01±2.65 cd	81.32±5.79 a	164.10±2.42 a	191.95±3.07 a	82.78±5.98 a	27.85±4.85 a	62.66±0.94 a	60.33±0.91 a	11.28±0.17 a
	M₁D₂	52.40±2.65 de	77.24±1.08 b	159.05±1.95 b	185.83±3.63 b	81.80±1.93 ab	26.79±1.87 ab	60.45±1.13 a	60.30±0.85 a	10.88±0.20 a
	M₁D₃	49.22±0.77 e	72.08±0.75 c	150.26±1.83 d	173.46±2.12 d	78.18±1.17 bc	23.20±1.65 bc	57.40±1.33 b	59.86±1.44 ab	10.33±0.24 b
	M₂D₄	85.00±2.27 a	75.25±1.96 b	153.72±3.82 c	179.52±0.35 c	78.47±3.09 abc	25.80±3.92 ab	57.93±0.92 b	60.29±5.22 a	10.43±0.17 b
	M₂D₅	72.86±2.65 b	66.01±1.78 d	143.06±0.89 e	165.31±0.39 e	77.05±1.01 cd	22.24±0.86 cd	53.35±1.38 c	59.84±2.79 ab	9.60±0.25 c
	M₂D₆	56.67±2.65 c	61.22±1.54 e	135.77±1.16 f	154.94±1.26 f	74.55±2.70 d	19.17±1.52 d	47.60±1.01 d	59.41±2.01 b	8.57±0.18 d
	平均Average	62.03	72.19	150.99	175.17	78.81	24.18	56.56	60.01	10.18
F值 F value	T	6.86	327.62**	354.09**	682.04**	648.27**	39.24*	578.38**	23.94*	580.32**
	MD	122.43**	77.73**	157.65**	387.52**	10.78**	9.21**	81.70**	7.32**	81.63**
	T×MD	0.28	2.17	9.26**	22.37**	1.71	0.54	4.90**	2.32	4.90**

秧龄 Seedling-age	处理 Treatment	阶段氮吸收量占总吸收量的比例 Ratio of N uptake at growth and development stage to total/%			氮素吸收速率 N uptake rate/(kg·hm^-2 d^-1)
秧龄 Seedling-age	处理 Treatment	移栽-拔节 Before jointing	拔节-齐穗期 Jointing to full-heading	齐穗-成熟期 Full-heading to maturity	移栽-拔节 Before jointing	拔节-齐穗期 Jointing to full-heading	齐穗-成熟期 Full-heading to maturity
T₁	M₁D₁	42.84±0.61 a	42.62±0.95 c	14.54±0.59 ab	1.859±0.027 a	1.959±0.027 ab	0.774±0.041 a
	M₁D₂	41.76±0.16 ab	43.53±0.67 bc	14.70±0.82 a	1.852±0.013 a	2.059±0.039 a	0.797±0.062 a
	M₁D₃	41.68±0.15 ab	43.87±2.36 abc	14.45±2.40 ab	1.754±0.007 b	1.951±0.056 b	0.719±0.093 a
	M₂D₄	42.08±0.58 ab	43.50±1.50 bc	14.41±0.92 ab	1.664±0.025 c	1.895±0.081 bc	0.787±0.066 a
	M₂D₅	40.99±0.79 b	45.35±1.05 ab	13.66±0.91 abc	1.465±0.026 d	1.833±0.054 c	0.769±0.028 a
	M₂D₆	40.92±0.34 b	46.36±0.58 a	12.72±0.29 ac	1.427±0.015 d	1.832±0.024 c	0.714±0.012 a
	平均Average	41.71	44.21	14.08	1.670	1.921	0.760
T₂	M₁D₁	42.35±2.54 a	43.17±3.75 c	14.49±2.31 a	2.033±0.133 a	1.986±0.139 a	0.770±0.110 a
	M₁D₂	41.57±0.67 a	44.02±0.82 bc	14.40±0.75 a	1.931±0.027 b	1.984±0.068 a	0.732±0.067 a
	M₁D₃	41.55±0.23 a	45.07±0.65 bc	13.37±0.87 ab	1.802±0.019 c	1.947±0.010 a	0.720±0.027 a
	M₂D₄	41.91±1.04 a	43.71±1.78 c	14.37±2.18 a	1.792±0.074 c	1.993±0.093 a	0.767±0.065 a
	M₂D₅	39.93±1.02 b	46.61±0.71 ab	13.46±0.52 ab	1.572±0.042 d	1.980±0.048 a	0.603±0.105 b
	M₂D₆	39.52±1.08 b	48.12±1.72 a	12.37±0.91 b	1.458±0.037 e	1.971±0.064 a	0.589±0.006 b
	平均Average	41.14	45.12	13.74	1.765	1.977	0.697
F值 F value	T	18.69*	20.64*	2.85	99.18**	34.15*	16.88
	MD	5.12**	5.10**	1.90	88.32**	2.51	3.44*
	T×MD	0.44	0.16	0.12	1.54	2.43	1.54