淮北地区氮高效高产型粳稻品种群体生长特征研究

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.7035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的本研究旨在阐明淮北地区氮高效高产型粳稻品种的群体生长特征。方法在各自最适施氮水平下,选用淮北地区氮高效高产型、氮中效高产型和氮高效中产型3类代表性常规粳稻品种,研究不同类型水稻品种产量、茎蘖动态、叶面积及物质生产与积累特征。结果拔节前氮高效高产型群体茎蘖数最少,拔节后平缓下降,最终成穗率最高;氮高效高产型水稻品种抽穗期叶面积指数最大,氮低效低产型最小,氮高效高产型水稻品种最大叶面积指数分别比氮中效高产型、氮高效中产型高2.53%、5.58%;有效叶面积率表现为氮高效高产型>氮高效中产型>氮中效高产型,高效叶面积率表现为氮中效高产型>氮高效高产型>氮高效中产型;抽穗至成熟阶段,氮中效高产型和氮高效高产型群体光合势差异不显著,但均显著高于氮高效中产型,分别高10.58%和9.86%;氮高效高产型水稻成熟期干物质积累总量略低于氮中效高产型,抽穗至成熟阶段,随着籽粒产量的提高,干物质积累呈递增趋势,干物质积累比例以氮高效高产型最高;收获指数表现为氮高效型品种大于氮中效品种;氮高效高产型品种群体生长率在抽穗前低于氮中效高产型品种,而在抽穗至成熟阶段则显著高于氮中效高产型与氮高效中产型,分别高8.79%、17.46%。结论氮高效高产型水稻品种拔节前叶面积指数、干物质积累量和群体生长率均低于氮高效中产型和氮中效高产型;抽穗到成熟期光合势、收获指数、群体生长率、成穗率和干物质积累量及比例最高。

关键词: 水稻, 氮高效高产, 群体, 生长特征

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim was to clarify the characteristics of population growth of japonica varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency and high yield in Huaibei Area. 【Method】The yield components, number of stems and tillers,leaf area and population biomass production were investigated under their optimum N levels with 3 representative japonica varieties [high N use efficiency and high yield (HNUEHY), medium N use efficiency and high yield(MNUEHY), high N use efficiency and medium yield(MNUEMY)] as material. 【Result】Number of stems and tillers increased slowly to the peak in jointing stage of HNUEHY, and then decreased gently with the highest percentage of productive tillers. The leaf area indexes of HNUEHY and HNUEMY were the highest and lowest at heading stage. The leaf area index of HNUEHY were 2.53% and 2.58% higher than that of MNUEHY and HNUEMY. The order of effective leaf area index was HNUEHY> HNUEMY> MNUEHY, the order of high effective leaf area index was MNUEHY> HNUEHY> HNUEMY. From heading to maturity stage, the photosynthetic potentials of HNUEHY and MNUEHY were 10.58% and 9.86% higher than that of HNUEMY, showing no obvious difference between each other. The total dry matter accumulation of HNUEHY was slightly lower than that of MNUEHY. From heading to maturity stage, the dry matter accumulations increased with increasing yield level with the highest ratio for HNUEHY. Before jointing stage, the crop growth rate of HNUEHY was lower than that of MNUEHY. After joining stage, the crop growth rate of HNUEHY were 8.79% and 17.46% higher than that of MNUEHY and HNUEMY. 【Conclusion】The leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate of HNUEHY were less than those of MNUEHY and HNUEMY before jointing stage; while the photosynthetic potential, harvest index, percentage of productive tillers, crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation and ratio of HNUEHY were the highest from heading to maturity stage.

Key words: rice, high nitrogen use efficiency and high yield, population, characteristics of growth

中图分类号:

梁健, 赵晨, 韩超, 任红茹, 陈梦云, 张洪程, 霍中洋. 淮北地区氮高效高产型粳稻品种群体生长特征研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(4): 409-416.

Jian LIANG, Chen ZHAO, Chao HAN, Hongru REN, Mengyun CHEN, Hongcheng ZHANG, Zhongyang HUO. Characteristics of Population Growth in japonica Rice Varieties with High Nitrogen Use Efficiency and High Yield in Huaibei Area[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(4): 409-416.

图/表 8

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生产力等级 Productivity level	品种个数 No. of varieties	全生育期 Growth duration/d	品种 Variety
生产力等级 Productivity level	品种个数 No. of varieties	全生育期 Growth duration/d	225.0 kg·hm^-2	262.5 kg·hm^-2	300.0 kg·hm^-2
顶层水平 Top level(≥10.50 t·hm^-2)	7	155		中稻1号,新稻18,连粳11, 泗稻12	武运粳27,宁粳4号,连粳7号
高层水平 High level(9.75~10.50 t·hm^-2)	12	154	连粳9号,淮稻14, 徐稻3号	苏秀10,苏秀326,盐稻11, 华粳6号,连粳4号,镇稻99, 镇稻88	郑稻19,盐稻12
中层水平 Middle level(9.00~9.75 t·hm^-2)	11	154	泗稻785,武运粳21, 徐稻5号,郑稻18	W026,泗1108,泗稻11, 徐稻8号,津稻263	淮稻11,华粳2号
底层水平 Low level(≤9.00 t·hm^-2)	4	154	华粳1号,徐稻2号	豫粳6号,苏秀867

生产力等级 Productivity level	品种个数 No. of varieties	全生育期 Growth duration/d	品种 Variety
生产力等级 Productivity level	品种个数 No. of varieties	全生育期 Growth duration/d	225.0 kg·hm^-2	262.5 kg·hm^-2	300.0 kg·hm^-2
顶层水平 Top level(≥10.50 t·hm^-2)	7	155		中稻1号,新稻18,连粳11, 泗稻12	武运粳27,宁粳4号,连粳7号
高层水平 High level(9.75~10.50 t·hm^-2)	12	154	连粳9号,淮稻14, 徐稻3号	苏秀10,苏秀326,盐稻11, 华粳6号,连粳4号,镇稻99, 镇稻88	郑稻19,盐稻12
中层水平 Middle level(9.00~9.75 t·hm^-2)	11	154	泗稻785,武运粳21, 徐稻5号,郑稻18	W026,泗1108,泗稻11, 徐稻8号,津稻263	淮稻11,华粳2号
底层水平 Low level(≤9.00 t·hm^-2)	4	154	华粳1号,徐稻2号	豫粳6号,苏秀867

类型 Type	变幅 Range/%	生产力等级 Productivity levels/(t·hm^-2)
类型 Type	变幅 Range/%	底层水平LL ≤9.00	中层水平ML 9.00~9.75	高层水平HL 9.75~10.50	顶层水平TL ≥10.50
氮低效型 Low ANRE	29.58~35.01	豫粳6号,苏秀867, 华粳1号,徐稻2号	华粳2号,泗1108, 淮稻11,W026	盐稻11
氮中效型 Middle ANRE	35.78~39.21		郑稻18,泗稻11, 徐稻5号,泗稻785, 徐稻8号,津稻263	盐稻12,苏秀326,连粳9号, 华粳6号,镇稻99,镇稻88, 苏秀10,郑稻19	新稻18,泗稻12,连粳11
氮高效型 High ANRE	40.13~43.45		武运粳21	连粳4号,淮稻14,徐稻3号	武运粳27,中稻1号,宁粳4号,连粳7号

类型 Type	变幅 Range/%	生产力等级 Productivity levels/(t·hm^-2)
类型 Type	变幅 Range/%	底层水平LL ≤9.00	中层水平ML 9.00~9.75	高层水平HL 9.75~10.50	顶层水平TL ≥10.50
氮低效型 Low ANRE	29.58~35.01	豫粳6号,苏秀867, 华粳1号,徐稻2号	华粳2号,泗1108, 淮稻11,W026	盐稻11
氮中效型 Middle ANRE	35.78~39.21		郑稻18,泗稻11, 徐稻5号,泗稻785, 徐稻8号,津稻263	盐稻12,苏秀326,连粳9号, 华粳6号,镇稻99,镇稻88, 苏秀10,郑稻19	新稻18,泗稻12,连粳11
氮高效型 High ANRE	40.13~43.45		武运粳21	连粳4号,淮稻14,徐稻3号	武运粳27,中稻1号,宁粳4号,连粳7号

类型 Type	基因型 Genotype	2014			2015
类型 Type	基因型 Genotype	氮素吸收利用率RE/%	氮素生理利用率 PE /(kg·kg^-1)	最高产量 Highest yield /(kg·hm^-2)	氮素吸收利用率NRE/%	氮素生理利用率 NPE /(kg·kg^-1)	最高产量 Highest yield /(kg·hm^-2)
氮高效中产HNUEMY	淮稻14 Huaidao 14	41.76 a	38.57 a	102 264 b	42.07 a	39.01 a	102 684 b
氮高效中产HNUEMY	宁粳3号 Ningjing 3	42.58 a	39.69 a	102 468 b	41.68 a	38.58 a	103 403 b
氮中效高产MNUEHY	新稻18 Xindao 18	38.31 b	36.53 b	105 935 a	37.29 b	36.97 b	105 670 a
氮中效高产MNUEHY	连粳11 Lianjing 11	37.68 b	35.28 b	106 085 a	37.79 b	36.47 b	106 563 a
氮高效高产HNUEHY	连粳7号 Lianjing 7	42.69 a	40.32 a	107 487 a	43.02 a	40.53 a	107 582 a
氮高效高产HNUEHY	宁粳4号 Ningjing 4	42.47 a	39.83 a	107 094 a	42.52 a	39.21 a	107 808 a