干湿交替灌溉对抗旱性不同水稻品种产量的影响及其生理原因分析

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.7006 379

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的旨在阐明全生育期干湿交替灌溉对抗旱性不同水稻品种产量的影响。方法以抗旱性差异显著的4个水稻品种（籼稻扬稻6号和两优培九,粳稻旱优8号和镇稻88）为材料,以常规水层灌溉（CI）为对照,在盆栽条件下研究了轻干湿交替灌溉（WMD）和重干湿交替灌溉（WSD）对水稻产量、根系、叶片及籽粒部分生理特性的影响。结果与CI相比,WMD处理下抗旱性较强品种扬稻6号和旱优8号产量分别提高6.90%和7.45%,抗旱性较弱品种两优培九和镇稻88产量分别降低7.28%和8.10%。WSD处理下,4个水稻品种的产量均显著下降,抗旱性较弱的品种产量降幅远高于抗旱性较强的水稻品种。WMD处理下,扬稻6号和旱优8号复水后根系氧化力、根系与叶片细胞分裂素（玉米素+玉米素核苷）含量、叶片光合速率和籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶的活性均较CI有不同程度提高,而两优培九和镇稻88上述指标则与CI持平或有不同程度降低。WSD处理下,4个品种上述指标均较CI不同程度降低。结论轻干湿交替灌溉条件下,根系活性强、叶片细胞分裂素含量和光合速率高、籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性强是抗旱性较强水稻品种的基本生理特征。

关键词: 水稻, 干湿交替灌溉, 产量, 根系, 光合速率, 关键酶, 蔗糖-淀粉代谢, 生理原因

Abstract:

【Objective】We aim to reveal the effects of alternate wetting and irrigation during whole growth period on grain yield in rice cultivars with different drought resistance and its physiological mechanisms.【Method】With four rice cultivars differed in drought resistance, Yangdao 6 and Liangyoupeijiu (indica), Hanyou 8 and Zhendao 88 (japonica), as materials, three water management regimes, i.e. CI (conventional irrigation), WMD (alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation) and WSD (alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation) during the whole growing season were conducted to investigate their effects on grain yield in a pot experiment.【Result】Compared with CI, WMD significantly increased the grain yields of Yangdao 6 and Hanyou 8 with higher drought resistance by 6.9% and 7.5%, and decreased those of Liangyoupeijiu and Zhendao 88 with lower drought resistance by 7.28% and 8.10%, respectively. Under WSD, the grain yields of four cultivars all decreased significantly, but the yield declines in Liangyoupeijiu and Zhendao 88 were much higher than those in Yangdao 6 and Hanyou 8. Under WMD, root oxidation activity, cytokinin (zeatin + zeatin riboside) content in roots and leaves, leaf photosynthetic rate and water potential, activities of enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains were all significantly increased in Yangdao 6 and Hanyou 8 after re-watering and they were all nearly the same or decreased in Liangyoupeijiu and Zhendao 88. Under WSD, these indices were all decreased in four rice cultivars. 【Conclusion】 Stronger root oxidation activity, higher cytokinin (zeatin + zeatin riboside) content in roots and leaves, greater photosynthetic rate and water potential of leaves and activities of enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains after re-watering were the basic physiological characteristics in rice cultivars with strong drought resistance under WMD.

Key words: rice, alternate wetting and drying irrigation, grain yield, root, photosynthetic rate, key enzyme, sucrose-to-starch conversion, physiological reason

卞金龙, 蒋玉兰, 刘艳阳, 冯咏芳, 刘贺, 夏仕明, 刘立军. 干湿交替灌溉对抗旱性不同水稻品种产量的影响及其生理原因分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(4): 379-390.

Jinlong BIAN, Yulan JIANG, Yanyang LIU, Yongfang FENG, He LIU, Shiming XIA, Lijun LIU. Effects of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation on Grain Yield in Rice Cultivars with Different Drought Resistance and Its Physiological Mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(4): 379-390.

图/表 12

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品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	每盒穗数 Panicle number per pot	每穗实粒数 Filled grain number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weigh/g
扬稻6号	CI	23±2 a	168±5 b	86.6±0.9 b	28.1±0.4 b
Yangdao 6	WMD	21±1 ab	181±4 a	92.7±0.7 a	28.8±0.3 ab
	WSD	18±2 b	179±5 a	88.2±0.8 b	29.1±0.2 a
两优培九	CI	25±2 a	185±4 b	85.1±0.6 b	26.4±0.3 c
Liangyoupeijiu	WMD	21±1 b	206±5 a	87.2±0.9 a	27.1±0.2 b
	WSD	18±1 c	207±3 a	83.8±0.6 c	27.7±0.2 a
旱优8号	CI	25±1 a	164±6 b	88.5±0.7 a	25.8±0.6 c
Hanyou 8	WMD	25±2 ab	173±2 a	88.5±0.8 a	26.8±0.3 a
	WSD	22±1 b	177±4 a	87.8±0.8 a	26.9±0.4 a
镇稻88	CI	28±2 a	142±4 b	93.5±0.9 a	27.2±0.5 b
Zhendao 88	WMD	24±1 b	155±6 a	89.9±0.7 b	28.3±0.4 a
	WSD	21±1 c	158±3 a	85.8±0.8 c	27.1±0.4 b

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	每盒穗数 Panicle number per pot	每穗实粒数 Filled grain number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weigh/g
扬稻6号	CI	23±2 a	168±5 b	86.6±0.9 b	28.1±0.4 b
Yangdao 6	WMD	21±1 ab	181±4 a	92.7±0.7 a	28.8±0.3 ab
	WSD	18±2 b	179±5 a	88.2±0.8 b	29.1±0.2 a
两优培九	CI	25±2 a	185±4 b	85.1±0.6 b	26.4±0.3 c
Liangyoupeijiu	WMD	21±1 b	206±5 a	87.2±0.9 a	27.1±0.2 b
	WSD	18±1 c	207±3 a	83.8±0.6 c	27.7±0.2 a
旱优8号	CI	25±1 a	164±6 b	88.5±0.7 a	25.8±0.6 c
Hanyou 8	WMD	25±2 ab	173±2 a	88.5±0.8 a	26.8±0.3 a
	WSD	22±1 b	177±4 a	87.8±0.8 a	26.9±0.4 a
镇稻88	CI	28±2 a	142±4 b	93.5±0.9 a	27.2±0.5 b
Zhendao 88	WMD	24±1 b	155±6 a	89.9±0.7 b	28.3±0.4 a
	WSD	21±1 c	158±3 a	85.8±0.8 c	27.1±0.4 b

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	分蘖中期 Mid-tillering stage		穗分化期 Panicle initiation		抽穗期 Heading		灌浆中期 Mid-filling stage
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	W1	W2	W1	W2	W1	W2	W1	W2
扬稻6号	CI	17.1±0.9 a	17.3±0.8 b	16.9±0.8 a	17.2±0.9 b	19.1±0.9 a	19.6±0.8 b	10.3±0.6 a	10.1±0.9 b
Yangdao 6	WMD	16.9±0.8 a	20.2±0.8 a	15.9±1.1 a	19.8±1.2 a	18.6±1.1 a	22.1±1.1 a	9.6±0.8 a	13.9±0.7 a
	WSD	10.1±1.3 c	14.1±1.2 c	10.9±1.3 c	14.7±1.3 c	12.9±0.9 c	16.9±0.8 c	5.9±0.4 c	8.9±0.6 c
两优培九	CI	17.8±1.2 a	18.1±0.4 a	17.7±0.4 a	18.1±0.4 a	22.1±1.1 a	22.9±1.3 a	14.3±0.7 a	14.9±0.5 a
Liangyoupeiju	WMD	15.2±0.9 b	17.9±0.6 a	17.1±0.7 a	17.8±0.5 a	19.6±0.7 b	20.3±1.1 b	12.0±0.9 b	14.6±0.8 a
	WSD	12.5±0.6 c	15.4±0.3 b	12.9±0.5 c	15.4±0.4 b	13.4±0.4 c	16.2±0.9 c	5.6±0.3 c	7.9±0.3 b
旱优8号	CI	18.1±0.9 a	18.4±0.8 b	18.0±0.7 a	19.0±0.5 b	19.2±0.5 a	20.8±0.9 b	11.7±0.3 a	11.8±0.5 b
Hanyou 8	WMD	16.9±0.9 a	20.8±1.1 a	17.2±0.8 a	20.6±0.6 a	19.1±0.5 a	23.1±1.1 a	11.4±0.4 a	14.9±0.5 a
	WSD	11.4±0.4 c	15.9±0.6 c	11.9±0.4 c	15.8±0.5 c	12.7±0.6 b	17.2±0.6 c	6.2±0.2 c	9.9±0.3 c
镇稻88	CI	18.1±0.7 a	18.3±0.7 a	17.9±0.6 a	18.3±0.7 a	19.9±0.7 a	20.3±0.9 a	11.7±0.6 a	11.8±0.5 a
Zhendao 88	WMD	15.9±0.6 b	17.9±0.6 a	16.2±0.4 b	18.2±0.6 a	19.2±0.8 a	21.1±0.8 a	10.4±0.6 b	11.9±0.5 a
	WSD	11.4±0.4 c	15.8±0.4 b	11.8±0.5 c	15.8±0.4 b	12.2±0.5 b	16.9±0.6 b	6.4±0.3 c	9.2±0.4 b

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	分蘖中期 Mid-tillering stage		穗分化期 Panicle initiation		抽穗期 Heading		灌浆中期 Mid-filling stage
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	W1	W2	W1	W2	W1	W2	W1	W2
扬稻6号	CI	17.1±0.9 a	17.3±0.8 b	16.9±0.8 a	17.2±0.9 b	19.1±0.9 a	19.6±0.8 b	10.3±0.6 a	10.1±0.9 b
Yangdao 6	WMD	16.9±0.8 a	20.2±0.8 a	15.9±1.1 a	19.8±1.2 a	18.6±1.1 a	22.1±1.1 a	9.6±0.8 a	13.9±0.7 a
	WSD	10.1±1.3 c	14.1±1.2 c	10.9±1.3 c	14.7±1.3 c	12.9±0.9 c	16.9±0.8 c	5.9±0.4 c	8.9±0.6 c
两优培九	CI	17.8±1.2 a	18.1±0.4 a	17.7±0.4 a	18.1±0.4 a	22.1±1.1 a	22.9±1.3 a	14.3±0.7 a	14.9±0.5 a
Liangyoupeiju	WMD	15.2±0.9 b	17.9±0.6 a	17.1±0.7 a	17.8±0.5 a	19.6±0.7 b	20.3±1.1 b	12.0±0.9 b	14.6±0.8 a
	WSD	12.5±0.6 c	15.4±0.3 b	12.9±0.5 c	15.4±0.4 b	13.4±0.4 c	16.2±0.9 c	5.6±0.3 c	7.9±0.3 b
旱优8号	CI	18.1±0.9 a	18.4±0.8 b	18.0±0.7 a	19.0±0.5 b	19.2±0.5 a	20.8±0.9 b	11.7±0.3 a	11.8±0.5 b
Hanyou 8	WMD	16.9±0.9 a	20.8±1.1 a	17.2±0.8 a	20.6±0.6 a	19.1±0.5 a	23.1±1.1 a	11.4±0.4 a	14.9±0.5 a
	WSD	11.4±0.4 c	15.9±0.6 c	11.9±0.4 c	15.8±0.5 c	12.7±0.6 b	17.2±0.6 c	6.2±0.2 c	9.9±0.3 c
镇稻88	CI	18.1±0.7 a	18.3±0.7 a	17.9±0.6 a	18.3±0.7 a	19.9±0.7 a	20.3±0.9 a	11.7±0.6 a	11.8±0.5 a
Zhendao 88	WMD	15.9±0.6 b	17.9±0.6 a	16.2±0.4 b	18.2±0.6 a	19.2±0.8 a	21.1±0.8 a	10.4±0.6 b	11.9±0.5 a
	WSD	11.4±0.4 c	15.8±0.4 b	11.8±0.5 c	15.8±0.4 b	12.2±0.5 b	16.9±0.6 b	6.4±0.3 c	9.2±0.4 b

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	分蘖中期 Mid-tillering		穗分化期 Panicle initiation		抽穗期 Heading		灌浆中期 Mid-filling stage
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	W1	W2	W1	W2	W1	W2	W1	W2
扬稻6号	CI	43.2±2.3 a	45.6±2.9 b	89.0±3.1 b	87.3±4.4 b	83.0±3.2 b	89.1±2.9 b	28.6±1.9 b	31.1±1.9 b
Yangdao 6	WMD	29.1±2.5 b	52.1±3.2 a	103.3±4.2 a	118.4±4.2 a	97.4±3.3 a	112.2±3.6 a	51.3±2.6 a	64.5±2.2 a
	WSD	21.3±2.8 c	32.3±2.4 c	70.3±5.2 c	83.2±4.3 c	81.3±3.1 c	89.0±3.1 b	18.2±1.9 c	37.9±2.1 c
两优培九	CI	45.0±3.1 a	47.7±3.3 a	88.9±4.2 a	90.1±3.8 a	83.6±2.9 b	86.3±3.3 b	27.2±1.8 b	31.5±2.1 b
Liangyoupeijiu	WMD	31.6±2.2 b	42.1±2.9 b	81.1±4.9 b	91.4±3.7 a	91.3±3.3 a	103.3±3.9 a	47.1±2.1 a	61.2±1.9 a
	WSD	22.7±2.5 c	29.3±2.8 c	67.2±3.7 c	77.6±3.6 c	75.5±3.6 c	84.3±2.8 c	19.3±1.6 c	29.1±2.3 b
旱优8号	CI	41.1±3.2 a	44.3±2.9 b	75.1±3.5 b	82.5±3.3 b	67.2±3.7 b	70.4±3.1 b	36.1±2.1 b	40.1±2.2 b
Hanyou 8	WMD	30.0±2.7 b	50.8±2.2 a	95.7±3.7 a	107.3±4.1 a	90.4±4.5 a	99.1±4.2 a	52.5±2.7 a	63.3±1.8 a
	WSD	20.5±3.2 c	35.6±3.1 c	61.8±3.4 c	72.6±2.4 c	50.3±3.6 c	70.8±3.2 b	20.4±2.6 c	28.3±1.3 c
镇稻88	CI	41.4±2.7 a	44.2±2.8 a	76.3±3.1 b	78.8±2.7 b	70.3±3.8 b	71.3±3.5 b	34.7±2.2 b	36.1±1.5 b
Zhendao 88	WMD	29.3±3.5 b	39.3±3.2 b	80.4±3.7 a	93.1±4.1 a	86.4±3.8 a	94.0±2.9 a	53.1±3.2 a	59.3±1.6 a
	WSD	21.2±2.9 c	29.5±1.9 c	56.2±3.7 c	69.4±3.9 c	51.7±3.9 c	68.2±2.9 c	19.6±1.9 c	29.4±1.1 c