增氧模式对水稻光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.6135 278

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同增氧模式对水稻光合特性和物质生产的影响,并探讨适宜不同生态型水稻品种生长以及提高其产量的增氧模式,进一步明确稻田根部增氧对水稻生长的作用,为水稻好氧栽培提供参考和理论依据。【方法】以中浙优1号(水稻)、IR45765-3B(深水稻)和中旱221(旱稻)3种不同生态型水稻品种为材料,设置增施过氧化钙(T₁)、微纳气泡水灌溉(T₂)和表土湿润灌溉(T₃)等不同增氧模式以及淹水对照(CK),分别测定水稻叶片光合特性、干物质积累量和产量等指标。【结果】增施过氧化钙和微纳气泡水灌溉处理增加了3个水稻品种主要生育期的叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和干物质量,水稻有效穗数和结实率显著高于对照;表土湿润灌溉处理下,3个品种的叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、光合参数和干物质量下降,结实率显著低于对照,但提高了叶片水分利用率。完熟期,增施过氧化钙处理下,中浙优1号、IR45765-3B和中旱221稻谷产量分别较对照增加了22.38%、18.27%和18.17%;微纳气泡水灌溉处理下,3个品种稻谷产量分别较对照增加了13.89%、10.67%和8.85%;表土湿润灌溉处理下,产量分别比对照减少5.86%、8.19%和6.16%。【结论】增施过氧化钙和微纳气泡水灌溉有助于提高水稻叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积指数和光合作用能力,并显著增加水稻干物质积累和产量;而表土湿润灌溉处理下,水稻水分供应不足,叶片光合作用及产量均有所下降。

关键词: 水稻品种, 增氧模式, SPAD值, 叶面积指数, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective is to reveal the effects of different aeration methods on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter production of rice, and to determine the suitable aeration method for the growth and improvement of grain yield of rice. The results will contribute to the understanding of the role of root aeration on rice growth, and provide a reference and a theoretical basis for aerobic cultivation of rice.【Method】Three rice varieties falling into different ecotypes, Zhongzheyou 1 (lowland rice), IR45765-3B (deep-water rice) and Zhonghan 221 (upland rice), were used to study the effects of aeration methods on rice photosynthetic characteristics and yield. Under such four oxygen enrichment treatments as calcium peroxide application (T₁), micro-bubble aerated water irrigation (T₂), water-controlled irrigation (T₃) and water-logging (control).【Result】T₁ and T₂ increased the leaf SPAD value, leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and dry matter accumulation of the three rice varieties during the main growth stages, and significantly improved the effective panicle numbers and seed setting rate. Compared with the control, the SPAD value, leaf area index, photosynthetic parameters and dry matter weight were decreased in T₃, and the seed setting rate also significantly dedined, but the water use efficiency of leaves was increased. At full ripe stage, compared with the control the grain yield of Zhongzheyou 1, IR45765-3B and Zhonghan 221 increased by 22.38%, 18.27% and 18.17%, respectively, in T₁ and by 13.89%, 10.67% and 8.85%, respectively, in T₂. However, it was 5.86%, 8.19% and 6.16%, respectively, lower than that of control in T₃, with considerable differences between treatments.【Conclusion】T₁ and T₂ retarded leaf senescence, and improved leaf area index and photosynthetic capacity, and significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and yield of rice. The main reason for the decline of photosynthesis and yield of rice under T₃ was the shortage of water supply.

Key words: rice variety, aeration method, SPAD value, leaf area index, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

中图分类号:

胡继杰, 朱练峰, 钟楚, 林育炯, 张均华, 曹小闯, 禹盛苗, Allen Bohr JAMES, 金千瑜. 增氧模式对水稻光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(3): 278-287.

Jijie HU, Lianfeng ZHU, Chu ZHONG, Yujiong LIN, Junhua ZHANG, Xiaochuang CAO, Shengmiao YU, Bohr JAMES Allen, Qianyu JIN. Effects of Aeration Methods on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(3): 278-287.

图/表 5

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	干物质量 Dry matter accumulation in plant/(t·hm^-2)			干物质积累量(比例) Dry matter accumulation/(t·hm^-2) (its ratio to total/%)
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	拔节期 J	齐穗期 FH	完熟期 FR	播种期–拔节期 From S to J	拔节期–齐穗期 From J to FH	齐穗期–完熟期 From FH to FR
中浙优1号Zhongzheyou 1	T₁	3.75 a	9.45 a	15.19 a	3.75 a 24.69 3.68 ab 25.75 3.47 b 27.49 3.62 ab 27.88 3.73 a 23.55 3.79 a 25.61 3.45 b 26.01 3.63 a 26.00 3.67 a 27.46 3.43 ab 27.72 3.18 b 29.37 3.42 ab 28.58	5.70 a 37.52 5.63 a 39.39 5.25 b 41.59 5.15 b 39.66 6.31 a 39.84 6.07 b 41.01 5.34 d 40.26 5.81 c 41.62 3.65 a 27.31 3.63 a 29.34 2.95 b 27.25 3.46 a 28.92	5.74 a 37.79 4.98 b 34.86 3.90 c 30.92 4.21 c 32.46 5.80 a 36.62 4.94 b 33.38 4.48 c 33.74 4.52 c 32.38 6.05 a 45.23 5.31 b 42.95 4.70 c 43.38 5.09 b 42.50
	T₂	3.68 ab	9.31 a	14.29 b
	T₃	3.47 b	8.72 b	12.62 c
	CK	3.62 ab	8.77 b	12.98 c
IR45765-3B	T₁	3.73 a	10.04 a	15.84 a
	T₂	3.79 a	9.86 a	14.80 b
	T₃	3.45 b	8.79 c	13.27 d
	CK	3.63 a	9.44 b	13.96 c
中旱221 Zhonghan 221	T₁	3.67 a	7.32 a	13.37 a
	T₂	3.43 ab	7.06 ab	12.37 b
	T₃	3.18 b	6.13 c	10.83 c
	CK	3.42 ab	6.88 b	11.97 b

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	干物质量 Dry matter accumulation in plant/(t·hm^-2)			干物质积累量(比例) Dry matter accumulation/(t·hm^-2) (its ratio to total/%)
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	拔节期 J	齐穗期 FH	完熟期 FR	播种期–拔节期 From S to J	拔节期–齐穗期 From J to FH	齐穗期–完熟期 From FH to FR
中浙优1号Zhongzheyou 1	T₁	3.75 a	9.45 a	15.19 a	3.75 a 24.69 3.68 ab 25.75 3.47 b 27.49 3.62 ab 27.88 3.73 a 23.55 3.79 a 25.61 3.45 b 26.01 3.63 a 26.00 3.67 a 27.46 3.43 ab 27.72 3.18 b 29.37 3.42 ab 28.58	5.70 a 37.52 5.63 a 39.39 5.25 b 41.59 5.15 b 39.66 6.31 a 39.84 6.07 b 41.01 5.34 d 40.26 5.81 c 41.62 3.65 a 27.31 3.63 a 29.34 2.95 b 27.25 3.46 a 28.92	5.74 a 37.79 4.98 b 34.86 3.90 c 30.92 4.21 c 32.46 5.80 a 36.62 4.94 b 33.38 4.48 c 33.74 4.52 c 32.38 6.05 a 45.23 5.31 b 42.95 4.70 c 43.38 5.09 b 42.50
	T₂	3.68 ab	9.31 a	14.29 b
	T₃	3.47 b	8.72 b	12.62 c
	CK	3.62 ab	8.77 b	12.98 c
IR45765-3B	T₁	3.73 a	10.04 a	15.84 a
	T₂	3.79 a	9.86 a	14.80 b
	T₃	3.45 b	8.79 c	13.27 d
	CK	3.63 a	9.44 b	13.96 c
中旱221 Zhonghan 221	T₁	3.67 a	7.32 a	13.37 a
	T₂	3.43 ab	7.06 ab	12.37 b
	T₃	3.18 b	6.13 c	10.83 c
	CK	3.42 ab	6.88 b	11.97 b

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	单位有效穗数 Effective panicle number per/m²	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)
中浙优1号Zhongzheyou 1	T₁	175.0 a	199.7 ab	27.69 a	90.5 a	7.93 a
	T₂	171.3 a	197.4 b	27.73 a	89.9 a	7.38 b
	T₃	155.3 b	200.7 ab	27.79 a	83.9 c	6.10 d
	CK	161.2 b	203.7 a	27.69 a	86.6 b	6.48 c
IR45765-3B	T₁	221.8 a	164.6 a	27.84 a	87.4 a	8.09 a
	T₂	215.8 a	162.6 a	27.80 a	86.4 a	7.57 b
	T₃	201.9 b	163.7 a	27.67 a	81.2 c	6.28 d
	CK	207.0 b	165.7 a	27.78 a	83.5 b	6.84 c
中旱221 Zhonghan 221	T₁	225.6 a	165.0 a	21.81 a	91.8 a	7.48 a
	T₂	222.6 ab	165.9 a	21.65 a	91.1 a	6.89 b
	T₃	213.3 b	169.1 a	21.83 a	88.0 b	5.94 d
	CK	215.8 b	167.0 a	21.94 a	88.5 b	6.33 c

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	单位有效穗数 Effective panicle number per/m²	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)
中浙优1号Zhongzheyou 1	T₁	175.0 a	199.7 ab	27.69 a	90.5 a	7.93 a
	T₂	171.3 a	197.4 b	27.73 a	89.9 a	7.38 b
	T₃	155.3 b	200.7 ab	27.79 a	83.9 c	6.10 d
	CK	161.2 b	203.7 a	27.69 a	86.6 b	6.48 c
IR45765-3B	T₁	221.8 a	164.6 a	27.84 a	87.4 a	8.09 a
	T₂	215.8 a	162.6 a	27.80 a	86.4 a	7.57 b
	T₃	201.9 b	163.7 a	27.67 a	81.2 c	6.28 d
	CK	207.0 b	165.7 a	27.78 a	83.5 b	6.84 c
中旱221 Zhonghan 221	T₁	225.6 a	165.0 a	21.81 a	91.8 a	7.48 a
	T₂	222.6 ab	165.9 a	21.65 a	91.1 a	6.89 b
	T₃	213.3 b	169.1 a	21.83 a	88.0 b	5.94 d
	CK	215.8 b	167.0 a	21.94 a	88.5 b	6.33 c