稻鱼共作对养殖池塘沉积物-水界面微观剖面理化性质的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.6077

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用微电极系统研究了黄颡鱼-水稻共作和黄颡鱼单养两种模式下沉积物-水界面基本理化性质的变化。研究结果表明,与黄颡鱼单养相比,黄颡鱼-水稻共作可使沉积物-水界面附近O₂浓度下降速率减慢,O₂渗透深度增加71.4%,并使界面Eh值升高,改善塘底沉积物-水界面厌氧状况;黄颡鱼-水稻共作降低了界面附近pH值,比黄颡鱼单养低约一个单位。以上研究结果表明,养殖池塘种植水稻改变了沉积物-水界面的微环境,可能会影响界面物质迁移转化过程。

关键词: 水稻, 养殖池塘, 沉积物-水界面, 微电极, 垂直剖面

Abstract:

An experiment was carried out to investigate the physical and chemical variables in sediment-water interface of yellow catfish pond with and without rice planting. The results showed that rice-fish co-cultures slowed down the decrease of O₂ concentration around the sediment-water interface, and increase the O₂ penetration depths by 71.4%, comparing with fish monoculture pond. Additionally, rice-fish co-culture increased the Eh value, and improved the aerobic condition in the sediment of pond. Rice-fish co-culture also decreased the pH around sediment-water interface. The pH of rice-fish co-culture pond was lower than that of monoculture pond by one unit. These results indicated that rice growing changed the mocroenvironment of the sediment-water interface of fish pond, which may affect the migration and transformation of elements around this interface.

Key words: rice, fish culture pond, sediment-water interface, microelectrode, vertical profile

中图分类号:

秦琳, 刘耀斌, 李凤博, 冯金飞, 吴殿星, 方福平. 稻鱼共作对养殖池塘沉积物-水界面微观剖面理化性质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(6): 647-652.

Lin QIN, Yao-bin LIU, Feng-bo LI, Jin-fei FENG, Dian-xing WU, Fu-ping FANG. Impacts of Rice-Fish Co-culture on the Physical and Chemical Variables of the Microprofiles at Sediments-Water Interface in an Intensive-culture Pond[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2016, 30(6): 647-652.

图/表 4

表1 黄颡鱼-稻共作和黄颡鱼单养小区底泥和上覆水体基础性质

Table 1 Basic properties of sediment and overlying water in yellow catfish ponds with and without rice planting.

取样部位 Sampling position	指标 Index	黄颡鱼-稻共作 RF	黄颡鱼单养 F
底泥 Sediment	pH值 pH value	6.23±0.19	6.59±0.18
	Eh/mV	390.44±7.20	274.27±20.41
	氨态氮含量Ammonia nitrogen content /(mg·kg^-1)	9.89±0.40	11.21±0.40
	硝态氮含量Nitrate nitrogen content /(mg·kg^-1)	30.03±3.06	42.37±2.93
	速效磷含量Available phosphorus content /(mg·kg^-1)	13.41±0.62	12.96±0.81
上覆水Overlying water	pH值 pH value	7.18±0.05	7.57±0.08
	溶氧量DO/(mg·L^-1)	6.09±0.21	7.27±0.07
	绿叶素a含量Chl-a /(μg·L^-1)	7.25±1.28	12.25±1.94
	生物需氧量BOD /(mg·L^-1)	4.12±0.18	6.12±0.23
	化学需氧量COD /(mg·L^-1)	48.66±1.74	62.33±6.93
	氨态氮含量Ammonia nitrogen content /(mg·kg^-1)	0.43±0.01	0.79±0.11
	硝态氮含量Nitrate nitrogen content /(mg·kg^-1)	1.27±0.05	1.44±0.09
	速效磷含量Available phosphorus content /(mg·g^-1)	4.90±1.10	5.20±0.70

图1 黄颡鱼-水稻共作和黄颡鱼单养池扩建沉积物-水界面附近O2浓度的垂直变化 RF1、RF2和RF3分别代表黄颡鱼-水稻共作处理的3个小区;F1,F2和F3分别代表黄颡鱼单养的3个小区。

Fig. 1. Vertical distribution of the concentration of O2 near sediment-water interface in rice-fish coculture ponds and yellow catfish monoculture ponds. RF1,RF2 and RF3 represent three yellow catfish ponds with rice planting; F1,F2 and F3 represent three yellow catfish ponds without rice planting.

图2 黄颡鱼-水稻共作和黄颡鱼单养池塘沉积物-水界面附近Eh的垂直变化

Fig. 2. Vertical distribution of Eh near sediment-water interface in rice-fish coculture ponds and yellow catfish monoculture ponds.

图3 黄颡鱼-水稻共作和黄颡鱼单养池塘沉积物-水界面附近pH的垂直变化

Fig. 3. Vertical distribution of pH near sediment-water interface in rice-fish coculture ponds and yellow catfish monoculture ponds.

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