花期高温胁迫对水稻颖花生理特性的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.5178

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以野生型水稻中花11及其耐热型突变体(hst)为材料,于抽穗扬花期高温处理7 d (40℃,每天处理6 h),探讨开花期水稻颖花生理特性与耐热性之间的关系。研究表明,花期高温导致剑叶叶绿素含量、颖花可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量均显著下降,突变体hst的降幅明显小于野生型中花11;同时,高温下颖花中丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)及游离脯氨酸含量均显著增加,而突变体hst的增幅明显低于野生型中花11。在抗氧化酶活性方面,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性对水稻开花期高温胁迫的响应有所不同,其变化与耐热性之间的相关性有待进一步验证。高温胁迫下水稻剑叶中保持较稳定的光合作用,颖花中保持较多的渗透调节物质及较低的MDA和H₂O₂含量,是突变体耐高温的生理基础。

关键词: 水稻, 抽穗扬花期, 高温胁迫, 颖花, 生理特性

Abstract:

To ascertain the effect of high temperature stress on the physiological characteristics of rice spikelet at flowing stage, wild type Zhonghua 11(ZH11) and its heat-resistant mutant (hst) were exposed to heat stress (40℃,6 h per day) for 7 days in growth chambers. The results showed that under heat stress the chlorophyll content in flag leaf, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents in spikelet of rice decreased obviously with lower decline in the mutant hst compared to the wild type ZH11. While malonyldialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂) and free proline contents in spikelets increased significantly with greater increase in wild type ZH11 than in the mutant hst. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase(POD) activities showed different responses to high temperature stress, and the correlation between the enzyme activities and the thermal sensitivity would be further investigated. Under high temperature stress, higher photosynthesis efficiency, better osmotic adjustment ability as well as lower MDA and H₂O₂ content of spikelets in the mutant could be the physiological basis of high temperature tolerance.

Key words: rice, flowering stage, high temperature stress, spikelet, physiological characteristics

中图分类号:

兰旭, 顾正栋, 丁艳菲, 王珂, 江琼, 朱诚. 花期高温胁迫对水稻颖花生理特性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(6): 637-646.

Xu LAN, Zheng-dong GU, Yan-fei DING, Ke WANG, Qiong JIANG, Cheng* ZHU. Effect of High Temperature Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Spikelet of Rice During Flowering Stage[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2016, 30(6): 637-646.

图/表 11

图1 花期高温胁迫对水稻颖花受精率的影响 ZH11-T-高温胁迫下野生型中花11; hst-T-高温胁迫下突变体; ZH11-CK-适温条件下的野生型中花11; hst-CK-适温条件下的突变体;图中数据为平均数±标准差;n=30;相同字母表示差异未达0.05 显著水平。下同。

Fig. 1. Effect of high temperature stress on the fertilized rate of spikelets at the flowering stage. ZH11-T, Wild type under high temperature stress;hst-T, Mutant under high temperature stress; ZH11-CK, Wild type under natural condition; hst-CK, Mutant under natural condition; All data are mean±standard deviation; n=30; The same letter indicates no significant difference at 0.05 significant level. The same below.

表1 高温胁迫对水稻结实率、千粒重及单株产量的影响

Table 1 Effect of high temperature stress on rice seed-setting rate,1000-grain weight and yield per plant.

品系 Line	处理 Treatment	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	每穗实粒数 Grain number per panicle	单株产量 Yield per plant/g	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%	热敏感指数 HSI/%
中花11 Zhonghua 11	适温CK	23.92±0.02 c	48.6±5.6 a	20.94±1.34 b	68.1±9.5 a	80.24
	高温T	26.41±0.07 a	10.0±2.5 c	4.80±0.48 d	13.4±2.9 c
突变体 hst	适温CK	24.09±0.01 b	57.9±6.0 a	29.26±1.71 a	72.8±10.3 a	46.87
	高温T	24.19±0.09 b	27.1±3.7 b	13.79±0.99 c	38.4±4.8 b

图2 花期高温胁迫对水稻剑叶中叶绿素含量的影响

Fig. 2. Effect of high temperature stress on chlorophyll content in flag leaf of rice at the flowering stage.

图3 花期高温胁迫对水稻颖花可溶性蛋白含量的影响

Fig. 3. Effect of high temperature stress on soluble protein content in spikelets of rice at the flowering stage.

图4 花期高温胁迫对水稻颖花可溶性糖含量的影响

Fig.4. Effect of high temperature stress on soluble sugar content in spikelets of rice at the flowering stage.

图5 花期高温胁迫对水稻颖花游离脯氨酸含量的影响

Fig. 5. Effect of high temperature stress on free proline content in spikelets of rice at the flowering stage.

图6 花期高温胁迫对水稻颖花SOD活性的影响

Fig. 6. Effect of high temperature stress on SOD activity in spikelets of rice at the flowering stage.

图7 花期高温胁迫对水稻颖花POD活性的影响

Fig. 7. Effect of high temperature stress on POD activity in spikelets of rice at the flowering stage.

图8 花期高温胁迫对水稻颖花CAT活性的影响

Fig. 8. Effect of high temperature stress on CAT activity in spikelets of rice at the flowering stage.

图9 花期高温胁迫对水稻颖花H2O2含量的影响

Fig. 9. Effect of high temperature stress on H2O2 content in spikelets of rice at the flowering stage.

图10 花期高温胁迫对水稻颖花MDA含量的影响

Fig. 10. Effect of high temperature stress on MDA content in spikelets of rice at the flowering stage.

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