剪根处理对不同秧龄杂交稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.6057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以超级杂交稻F优498为材料,采用旱育秧方式育苗,设置不同秧龄(25 d和40 d)和幼苗伤根处理(整株根系剪去1/3、2/3、全部,以不剪根为对照),进行水培试验,研究根系损伤后(0~48 h和1~29 d)的生理响应、物质积累、根系形态及氮素吸收特性。结果表明,剪根后不同秧龄秧苗受影响的程度及反应速度不同,秧苗地上部脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均出现了明显峰值,伤根程度越大,峰值越高,到达峰值的时间越早;25 d秧龄的幼苗在剪根后的生理抗性及恢复能力均明显强于40 d秧龄的幼苗。从剪根程度来看,不同秧龄下,剪根1/3处理对幼苗生长有一定促进作用,25 d秧龄,剪根1/3处理在处理后22 d,根系长度、根系表面积、地上部、根系干质量以及根冠比均大于对照,同时该处理氮素积累显著高于对照;40 d秧龄,整个生育期根系表面积均随剪根程度的增大而减小,剪根1/3处理在处理后22 d,根冠比显著大于对照,处理后29 d,地上部、根系干质量、根系长度、氮素积累量以及含氮率均大于对照,而伤根程度较大不仅会导致水稻幼苗根系生长受阻,同时会严重抑制根系对养分的吸收,从而影响水稻幼苗的生长发育。

关键词: 杂交稻, 秧龄, 剪根, 生理特性

Abstract:

Supper hybrid rice F you 498 was used to investigate the effects of seedling-age (25 days old and 40 days old) and root-cutting (1/3, 2/3 and the whole root were cut off with no root-cutting as control) on the root response 0-48 hours and 1-29 days after root cutting, as well as dynamics of biomass accumulation, root morphology and nitrogen (N) absorption in a hydroculture experiment. The results showed that rice seedlings at various seedling ages responsed diversely to root-cutting. The proline content and soluble sugar content of the above-ground part had a significant peak after root-cutting, which was higher and reached the peak value in shorter time with the increase of the root-cutting ratio. The physiological resistance and resilience after root-cutting of 25-day seedling-age were superior to that of 40-day old seedling. In the views of root-cutting ratio, 1/3 root-cutting had positive effect on seedling growth. Compared to the control, the root length, root surface area, above-ground biomass, root biomass, nitrogen accumulation amount and root shoot ratio were higher 22 days after 1/3 root-cutting for 25-day old seedling. However, the root surface area in the whole growth stage decreased with the increaing root-cutting ratio for 40-day old seedling. The root-shoot ratio was higher than that of control 22 days after 1/3 root-cutting, and the above-ground biomass, root length, nitrogen accumulation amount and nitrogen content were also higher than those of control 29 days after 1/3 root-cutting. Besides, the root damage might inhibite the seedling growth and restrain the absorption of nutrients, which could affect the growth and development of rice seedling.

Key words: hybrid rice, seedling-age, root-cutting, physiological characteristics

中图分类号:

李应洪, 王海月, 严奉君, 李娜, 孙永健, 代邹, 谢华英, 马均. 剪根处理对不同秧龄杂交稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(6): 626-636.

Ying-hong LI, Hai-yue WANG, Feng-jun YAN, Na LI, Yong-jian SUN, Zou DAI, Hua-ying XIE, Jun MA. Effects of Root-cutting Treatment on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Hybrid Rice at Different Seedling-ages[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2016, 30(6): 626-636.

图/表 11

表1 不同秧龄秧苗素质

Table 1 Seedling quality at different seedling-ages.

秧龄 Seedling- age/d	株高 Plant height /cm	茎基宽 Stem width /mm	地上部干质量 Dry weight of above- ground part/g	地下部干质量 Dry weight of under- ground part/g	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	根长 Root length /cm	平均直径 Average root diameter/mm	表面积 Root surface area/cm²
25	19.12±0.66 b	2.53±0.13 b	0.154±0.006 b	0.049±0.002 b	0.319±0.023 a	281.23±5.08 b	0.908±0.005 a	69.42±0.64 b
40	31.44±1.41 a	3.61±0.18 a	0.262±0.002 a	0.077±0.002 a	0.294±0.009 a	311.27±5.34 a	0.743±0.030 b	78.55±1.00 a

图1 剪根处理对不同秧龄稻株脯氨酸含量的影响 CK、C1、C2、C3分别代表不剪根、剪除1/3根系、剪除2/3根系、根系全部剪除。下同。

Fig. 1. Effect of root-cutting treatments on proline content of rice plants at different seedling-ages. CK,C1,C2,C3 represent no root-cutting, 1/3 root-cutting, 2/3 root cutting and whole root cutting, respectively. The same as in the tables below.

图2 剪根处理对不同秧龄稻株可溶性糖含量的影响

Fig. 2. Effect of root-cutting treatments on soluble sugar content of rice plants at different seedling-ages.

图3 剪根处理对不同秧龄稻株地上部干物质积累的影响

Fig. 3. Effect of root-cutting treatments on dry matter accumulation of above-ground part of rice plants at different seedling-ages.

图4 剪根处理对不同秧龄稻株根系干质量的影响

Fig. 4. Effect of root-cutting treatments on dry weight of root of rice plants at different seedling-ages.

图5 剪根处理对不同秧龄稻株根冠比的影响柱上不同小写字母表示同一秧龄不同剪根程度在5%水平上差异显著(n=3, 最小显著差数法)。下同。

Fig. 5. Effect of root-cutting treatments on root-shoot ratio of rice plants at different seedling-ages. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference for a given seedling-age among different root-cutting treatments at 0.05 level (n=3, LSD). The same as below.

图6 剪根处理对不同秧龄稻株根系长度的影响

Fig. 6. Effect of root-cutting treatments on root length of rice plants at different seedling-ages.

图7 剪根处理对不同秧龄稻株根系平均直径含量的影响

Fig. 7. Effect of root-cutting treatments on average root diameter of rice plants at different seedling-ages.

图8 剪根处理对不同秧龄稻株根系表面积的影响

Fig. 8. Effect of root-cutting treatments on root surface of rice plants in different seedling-ages.

图9 剪根处理对不同秧龄稻株含氮量的影响

Fig. 9. Effect of root-cutting treatments on N content of rice plants at different seedling-ages.

图10 剪根处理对不同秧龄稻株氮素积累量的影响

Fig. 10. Effect of root-cutting treatments on N accumulation of rice plants at different seedling-ages.

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