有序摆抛栽超高产栽培对水稻根系形态生理特征的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.6074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究不同抛栽方式对水稻根系形态生理的影响,探索抛秧稻超高产轻简栽培新途径,以粳型超级稻武运粳24和南粳44为试验材料,设置摆栽、点抛和撒抛三种抛栽方式,并以机插为对照,系统研究了有序摆抛稻根系的形态和生理特征。结果显示,水稻有序摆栽和点抛后秧苗根系长度、根数、单株根质量高于撒抛和机插,栽后7 d 3连孔稻苗优势明显,栽后15 d 2连孔秧苗表现出较强的优势。各生育时期群体根干质量、根冠比、根系活力表现为摆栽>点抛>撒抛>机插,不同连孔稻株间表现为2连孔>3连孔>单孔,根系吸收总面积、活跃吸收表面积和吸收面积比与穗后根系伤流量亦呈现相同趋势。各生育时期的根系干质量、根冠比、根系活力及抽穗期单茎根系伤流量、根系吸收表面积、活跃吸收表面积、活跃吸收比与产量极显著相关。齐穗后15 d,70%以上根系分布在0~5 cm,90%以上根系分布在0~10 cm,各层根干质量、根体积、根干质量密度抛栽方式间表现为摆栽>点抛>撒抛,不同连孔处理间为2连孔>3连孔>单孔,5~10 cm、10~15 cm、15~20 cm的根系比例亦呈现此趋势。0~20 cm内,各层根系干质量、根系体积、根干质量密度与产量极显著相关,上层根系对产量贡献较大,0~10 cm贡献率达90%以上。总之,水稻有序摆抛栽根系发生快,各生育期活力强,后期分布合理,其良好的根系特性是超高产形成的生理基础。

关键词: 水稻, 有序摆抛, 二连孔, 三连孔, 根系, 形态生理

Abstract:

The rice root system morphological and physiological characteristics were to explore the approaches to achieve super high yield. Super rice Wuyunjing 24 and Nanjing 44 were used as experimental material and three planting methods including ordered transplanting (OT), optimized broadcasting (OB) and cast transplanting(CT) were designed to investigate the root system morphological and physiological characteristics with mechanical transplanting(MT) as control. The results were as follows: root length, number and weight of 3-hole seedlings had obvious advantages 7 d after transplanting and 2-hole seedlings had obvious advantages 15 d after transplanting. Root dry weight, root shoot ratio and activity of root system at each stage followed the trend of OT>OB>CT>MT, while treatments of different holes showed a trend of 2-hole>3-hole>1-hole. And total root absorbing surface area, active absorbing area, ratio of active absorbing surface area to total absorbing surface area and root bleeding sap showed the same trend. Root dry weight, root shoot ratio, root activity, total absorbing surface area, active absorbing area, ratio of active absorbing surface area to total absorbing surface area and root bleeding sap had a very significant positive correlation with grain yield. Root at the depth of top 5 cm accounted for more than 70%, while at depth of top 10 cm accounted for more than 90%. And root dry weight, root volume and root weight density at each layer showed the trend of OT>OB>CT, 2-hole>3-hole >1-hole. Root weight ratio at the depth of 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm and 15-20 cm showed the same trend. And root dry weight at each layer was very significantly correlated with grain yield, and root at the upper layer made greater contributions to the grain yield, and the contribution rate of root to yield at the top 10 cm depth was more than 90%. And it could be concluded that, ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting rice with 2-hole seedling had quicker root growth, higher root activities and more reasonable root distribution at late growing stage which were the physiological basis for super high yield.

Key words: rice, ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting, 2-hole gathered, 3-hole gathered, root system, morphological and physiological characteristics

中图分类号:

郭保卫, 许轲, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 魏海燕, 陈厚存. 有序摆抛栽超高产栽培对水稻根系形态生理特征的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(6): 611-625.

Bao-wei GUO, Ke XU, Hong-cheng ZHANG, Qi-gen DAI, Zhong-yang HUO, Hai-yan WEI, Hou-cun CHEN. Effect of Ordered Transplanting and Optimized Broadcasting on Rice Root System Morphological and Physiological Characteristics Under Super High-yielding Cultivation[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2016, 30(6): 611-625.

图/表 15

参考文献 35

[1]	江立庚, 李如平, 韦善清, 等. 金优253免耕抛栽秧苗的根系生长与立苗特性. 广西农业生物科学, 2005, 24(1): 30-34.
	Jiang L G, Li R P, Wei S Q, et al.Root growth and standing characteristics of Jinyou 253 seedlings under no-tillage with cast transplantation.J Guangxi Agric Biol Sci, 2005, 24(1): 30-34. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]	郭保卫, 张洪程, 张春华, 等. 抛秧立苗对水稻光合特性和物质生产的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2012, 26(3): 311-319.
	Guo B W, Zhang H C, Zhang C H, et al.Effect of seedling standing and establishment on photosynthetic characteristics and matter production of broadcasted rice.Chin J Rice Sci, 2012, 26(3):311-319. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	Zhang H, Xue Y G, Wang Z Q, et al.Morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with shoot growth in super rice.Field Crops Res, 2009, 113: 31-40.
[4]	陈桐, 蔡全英, 吴启堂, 等. PAEs 胁迫对高/低累积品种水稻根系形态及根系分泌低分子有机酸的影响. 生态环境学报, 2015, 24(3): 494-500.
	Chen T, Cai Q Y, Wu Q T, et al.Effects of PAEs stress on root morphology and low molecular weight organic acid (LMWOC) in root exudates of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with high- and low-PAE accumulation. Ecol Environ Sci, 2015, 24(3): 494-500. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	梁永书, 周军杰, 南文斌, 等. 水稻根系研究进展. 植物学报, 2016, 51(1): 98-106.
	Liang Y S, Zhou J J, Nan W B, et al.Progress in rice root system research.Acta Bot Sin, 2016, 51(1): 98-106. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	凌启鸿, 陆伟平, 蔡建中, 曹显祖. 水稻根系分布与叶角关系的研究初报. 作物学报, 1989, 15(2): 123-131.
	Ling Q H, Lu W P, Cao J Z, Cao X Z.The relationship between root distribution and leaf angle in rice plant.Acta Agron Sin, 1989, 15(2): 123-131. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	Terashima K, Ogata T, Akita S.Eco-physiological characteristics related with lodging tolerance of rice in direct s owing cultivation: Ⅱ.Root growth characteristics of tolerant cultivars to root lodging.Jpn J Crop Sci, 1994, 63: 34-41.
[8]	龚金龙, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 等. 籼、粳超级稻品种根系形态及若干生征的差异. 作物学报, 2014, 40(6): 1066-1080.
	Gong J L, Xing Z P, Hu Y J, et al.Difference of root morphological and several physiological characteristics between indica and japonica super rice varieties.Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(6): 1066-1080. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	戢林, 李廷轩, 张锡洲, 余海英. 氮高效利用基因型水稻根系形态和活力特征. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(23): 4770-4781.
	Ji L, Li T X, Zhang X Z, Yu H Y.Root morphological and activity characteristics of rice genotype with high nitrogen utilization efficiency.Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45(23): 4770-4781. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	许明, 贾德涛, 马殿荣, 等. 北方超级粳稻根系生理、叶片光合性能特点及其相互关系. 作物学报, 2010, 36(6): 1030-1036.
	Xu M, Jia D T, Ma D R, et al.Correlation of root physiology and leaf photosynthesis characteristics in northern Chinese japonica super rice.Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(6): 1030-1036. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	陈达刚, 周新桥, 李丽君, 等. 华南主栽高产籼稻根系形态特征及其与产量构成的关系. 作物学报, 2013, 39(10): 1899-1908.
	Chen D G, Zhou X Q, Li L J, et al.Relationship between root morphological characteristics and yieldcomponents of major commercial indica rice in south China.Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(10): 1899-1908. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	任万军, 杨文钰, 樊高琼, 等. 不同种植方式对水稻植株发根力的影响. 核农学报, 2007, 21(3): 287-290.
	Ren W J, Yang W Y, Fan G Q, et al.Effects of different tillage and transplanting methods on rice rooting ability.Acta Agric Nucl Sin. 2007, 21(3): 287-290. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	张洪程, 郭保卫, 陈厚存, 等. 水稻有序摆、抛栽的生理生态特征及超高产形成机制. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(3): 463-475.
	Zhang H C, Guo B W, Chen H C, et al.Eco-physiological characteristics and super high yield formation mechanism of ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting rice.Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46(3): 463-475. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	刘军, 黄华, 付华, 等. 水稻免耕抛秧高产稳产的生理基础研究. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(2): 152-156.
	Liu J, Huang H, Fu H, et al.Physiological mechanism of high and stable yield of no-tillage cast-transplanted rice.Sci Agric Sin, 2002, 35(2): 152-156. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	许轲, 郭保卫, 张洪程, 等. 有序摆抛栽对超级稻超高产与光合生产力的影响及水稻超高产模式探索. 作物学报, 2013, 39(9): 1652-1667.
	Xu K, Guo B W, Zhang H C, et al.Effect of ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting on super high yield and photosynthetic productivity and exploration of rice super high yield model.Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(9): 1652-1667. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	许乃霞, 杨益花. 抽穗后水稻根系活力与地上部叶片衰老及净光合速率相关性的研究. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(5) : 1919-1921.
	Xu N X, Yang Y H.Research on the relationship between the root Activity and leaf ageing, photosynthetic rate of rice after heading stage.Anhui Agric Sci, 2009, 37(5): 1919-1921. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	徐芬芬, 曾晓春, 石庆华, 叶利民. 不同灌溉方式对水稻根系生长的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2007, 25(1): 102-104.
	Xu F F, Zeng X C, Shi Q H, Ye L M.Effects of different irrigation patterns on the growth of rice root.Agric Res Arid Areas, 2007, 25(1): 102-104. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	李杰, 张洪程, 常勇, 等. 高产栽培条件下种植方式对超级稻根系形态生理特征的影响. 作物学报, 2011, 37(12): 2208-2220.
	Li J, Zhang H C, Chang Y, et al.Influence of planting methods on root system morphological and physiological characteristics of super rice under high-yielding cultivation condition.Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(12): 2208-2220. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	郑景生, 林文, 姜照伟, 李义珍. 超高产水稻根系发育形态学研究. 福建农业学报, 1999,14(3): 1-6.
	Zheng J S, Lin W, Jiang Z W, Li Y Z.Root developmental morphology for super high yielding rice.Fujian Agric Sci, 1999, 14(3): 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	刘岩, 孙涛, 李晶, 魏湜. 超稀植栽培不同处理对水稻根系的生长动态和氧化力及POD 酶活性影响. 黑龙江农业科学, 2010(6): 21-23.
	Liu Y, Sun T, Li J, Wei S. Effects of super-sparse cultivation different treatments on rice root growth dynamics, oxidizing power and POD enzyme activity.Heilongjiang Agric Sci, 2010(6): 21-23. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	许凤英, 马均, 王贺正, 等. 强化栽培条件下水稻的根系特征及其与产量形成的关系. 杂交水稻, 2003, 18(4) : 61-65.
	Xu F Y, Ma J, Wang H Z, et al.The Characteristics of Roots and Their Relation to the Formation of Grain yield under the Cultivation by System of Rice Intensification (SRI).Hybrid Rice, 2003, 18(4) : 61-65. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	凌启鸿, 凌励. 水稻不同层次根系的功能及对产量形成作用的研究. 中国农业科学, 1984, 17(5): 3-11.
	Ling Q H, Ling L.Studies on the functions of roots at different nodepositions and their relation to the yield formation in rice plants.Sci Agric Sin, 1984, 17(5): 3-11. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	冯跃华, 邹应斌, Roland J Buresh, 等. 不同耕作方式对杂交水稻根系特性及产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39(4):693-701.
	Feng Y H, Zhou Y B, Roland B, et al.Effects of different tillage system on the root properties and the yield in hybrid rice.Sci Agric Sin, 2006, 39(4):693-701. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	周汉钦, 林青山, 陈文丰, 等. 超高产特优质水稻根系特点初探. 广东农业科学, 1997(6):11-14.
	Zhou H Q, Lin Q S, Chen W F, et al. Primary research on root system characteristics of super high yield and super high quality rice. Guangdong Agric Sci, 1997(6):11-14. (in Chinese)
[25]	秦华东, 张玉, 徐世宏, 等. 稻草还田对免耕水稻根系生长及产量的影响. 杂交水稻, 2011, 26(4): 65-67.
	Qin H D, Zhang Y, Xu S H, et al.Effects of straw incorporation on root growth and grain yield under no-tillage in rice.Hybrid Rice, 2011, 26(4): 65-67. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	张耗, 黄钻华, 王静超, 等. 江苏中籼水稻品种演进过程中根系形态生理性状的变化及其与产量的关系. 作物学报, 2011, 37(6): 1020-1030.
	Zhang H, Huang Z H, Wang J C, et al.Changes in morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with grain yield during the evolution of mid-season indica rice cultivars in jiangsu province.Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(6): 1020-1030. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	郑华斌, 姚林, 刘建霞, 等. 种植方式对水稻产量及根系性状的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40(4): 667-677.
	Zheng H B, Yao L, Liu J X, et al.Effect of ridge & terraced cultivation on rice yield and root trait.Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(4): 667-677. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]	刘桃菊, 戚昌瀚, 唐建军. 水稻根系建成与产量及其构成关系的研究. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(11): 1416-1419.
	Liu T J, Qi C H, Tang J J.Studies on relationship between the character parameters of root and yield formation in rice.Sci Agric Sin, 2002, 35(11): 1416-1419. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	蔡昆争, 骆世明, 段舜山. 水稻群体根系特征与地上部生长发育和产量的关系. 华南农业大学学报, 2005, 26(2): 1-4.
	Cai K Z, Luo S M, Duan S S.The relationship between root system of rice and aboveground characteristics and yield.J South China Agric Univ, 2005, 26(2): 1-4. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	唐文帮, 邓化冰, 肖应辉, 等. 两系杂交水稻 C 两优系列组合的高产根系特征. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(14): 2859-2868.
	Tang W B, Deng H B, Xiao Y H, et al.Root characteristics of high-yield C Liangyou rice combinations of two-line hybrid rice.Sci Agric Sin, 2010, 43(14): 2859-2868. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	石庆华, 李木英, 徐益群, 等. 水稻根系特征与地上部关系的研究初报. 江西农业大学学报, 1995, 17( 2) : 110-115.
	Shi Q H, Li M Y, Xu Y Q, et al.Preliminary studies on the relationship between the characteristics of roots and shoots in rice.Acta Agric Univ Jiangxiensis, 1995, 17( 2) : 110-115. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	Monita S, Suga T, Y amazaki K. The relationship between root length density and yield in rice plants.Japan J Crop Sci,1988 , 57(3) : 438-443.
[33]	蔡昆争, 骆世明, 段舜山. 水稻根系的空间分布及其与产量的关系. 华南农业大学学报:自然科学版, 2003, 24(3): 1-4.
	Cai K Z, Luo S M, Duan S S.The relationship between spatial distribution of rice root system and yield.J South China Agric Univ (Nat Sci Edn), 2003, 24(3): 1-4. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]	唐拴虎, 黄旭, 张发宝, 等. 根系分布及施肥模式对水稻生长发育的影响研究初报. 广东农业科学, 2006, (9): 5-8.
	Tang S H, Huang X, Zhang F B, et al.Preliminary study on the effects of root distribution and fertilizing methods on growth and development of rice.Guangdong Agric Sci, 2006, (9): 5-8. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]	赵全志, 乔江方, 刘辉, 等. 水稻根系与叶片光合特性的关系. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(5): 1064-1068.
	Zhao Q Z, Qiao J F, Liu H,et al.Relationship between root and leaf photosynthetic characteristic in rice.Sci Agric Sin, 2007, 40(5): 1064-1068. (in Chinese with English abstract)

试验地点与品种 Site and variety	移栽方式 Transplanting ways	有效穗数 Effective panicle number (×10⁴hm^-2)	每穗粒数 No. of grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate %	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	理论产量 Theoretical yield /(t·hm^-2)	实收产量 Harvest yield /(t·hm^-2)
江苏海安 Haian,Jiangsu
武运粳24 Wuyunjing 24	机插MT	352.7 Aa	127.3 EFf	93.5 Bc	27.1 Aa	11.4 CDEd	10.8 EFGef
	摆-3 OT-3	295.2 Fg	156.6 Aa	95.2 Aab	27.3 Aa	12.0 ABab	11.5 ABCb
	摆-2 OT-2	307.0 EFef	154.1 ABab	95.5 Aa	27.3 Aa	12.3 Aa	11.8 Aa
	摆-1 OT-1	297.5 Ffg	152.4 Bb	95.3 Aab	27.3 Aa	11.8 BCbc	11.3 BCDbc
	点-3 OB-3	305.8 EFef	147.8 Cc	95.0 Aab	27.3 Aa	11.7 BCDbc	11.3 BCDEbcd
	点-2 OB-2	321.7 CDd	146.2 Cc	95.3 Aab	27.2 Aa	12.2 ABa	11.6 ABab
	点-1 OB-1	314.8 DEde	141.3 Dd	95.2 Aab	27.2 Aa	11.5 CDcd	11.1 CDEFcde
	撒-3 CT-3	324.3 CDcd	134.2 Ee	94.8 Ab	27.3 Aa	11.3 EFe	10.7 FGfg
	撒-2 CT-2	339.6 Bb	132.3 EFe	95.1 Ac	27.2 Aa	11.6 DEd	11.0 DEFde
	撒-1 CT-1	331.9 BCbc	129.0 FGf	94.9 Aab	27.2 Aa	11.1 Fe	10.5 Gg
南粳44 Nanjing 44	机插MT	356.8 Aa	127.3 EFf	93.5 Bc	27.1 Aa	11.2 CDEd	10.7 DEef
	摆-3 OT-3	297.7 De	150.8 Aa	95.3 ABab	27.1 Aa	11.6 ABCb	11.0 BCbc
	摆-2 OT-2	310.9 CDde	148.0 ABab	95.7 Aa	27.1 Aa	11.9 Aa	11.5 Aa
	摆-1 OT-1	300.4 De	145.2 Bb	95.5 ABab	27.1 Aa	11.3 BCDc	10.8 CDcde
	点-3 OB-3	319.9 BCDcd	136.0 Cc	95.2 ABbc	27.1 Aa	11.2 CDc	10.8 CDcde
	点-2 OB-2	335.2 ABbc	135.0 Cc	95.5 ABab	27.0 Aa	11.7 ABab	11.2 ABb
	点-1 OB-1	329.1 BCbc	130.4 Dd	95.4 ABab	27.0 Aa	11.1 Dcd	10.7 CDEde
	撒-3 CT-3	325.9 BCbcd	129.3 Dd	95.0 Bc	27.1 Aa	10.9 DEde	10.5 EFfg
	撒-2 CT-2	341.8 ABab	128.3 EDd	95.3 ABbc	27.0 Aa	11.3 DEcd	11.0 BCDcd
	撒-1 CT-1	336.9 ABb	123.0 Ee	95.2 ABbc	27.0 Aa	10.7 Ee	10.2 Fg
江苏扬州 Yangzhou,Jiangsu
武运粳24 Wuyunjing 24	机插MT	347.8 Aa	124.3 Gh	93.8 Bb	27.0 Ac	11.0 EFe	10.7 EFef
	摆-3 OT-3	293.9 Gh	152.8 Aa	95.7 Aa	27.5 Aa	11.8 ABCbc	11.4 ABCbc
	摆-2 OT-2	310.3 DEFef	150.3 ABb	95.8 Aa	27.4 Aa	12.2 Aa	11.6 Aa
	摆-1 OT-1	301.3 FGg	147.6 BCc	95.5 Aa	27.4 Aa	11.6 BCcd	11.2 BCc
	点-3 OB-3	302.8 Fg	145.4 Cd	95.4 Aa	27.4 Aa	11.5 Ccd	11.2 CDc
	点-2 OB-2	314.8 DEde	145.2 Cd	95.6 Aa	27.4 Aa	12.0 ABab	11.5 ABab
	点-1 OB-1	307.3 EFfg	142.3 De	95.5 Aa	27.3 Aabc	11.4 CDd	10.9 DEd
	撒-3 CT-3	318.0 CDcd	131.2 Ef	95.4 Aa	27.2 Aabc	10.8 EFef	10.6 FGf
	撒-2 CT-2	331.3 Bb	129.3 EFfg	95.3 Aa	27.1 Abc	11.1 DEe	10.8 EFde
	撒-1 CT-1	323.8 BCc	127.4 Fg	95.3 Aa	27.0 Ac	10.6 Ff	10.4 Gg
南粳44 Nanjing 44	机插 MT	350.8 Aa	123.6 Fi	94.7 Ce	26.8 Ab	11.0 CDEcd	10.5 DEe
	摆-3 OT-3	292.4 Gg	151.5 Aa	95.5 ABabc	27.0 Aab	11.4 ABCb	10.9 BCc
	摆-2 OT-2	304.3 EFef	149.6 Ab	95.7 Aa	27.1 Aa	11.8 Aa	11.4 Aa
	摆-1 OT-1	296.9 FGfg	146.5 Bc	95.6 ABab	27.0 Aab	11.2 BCDbc	10.7 CDd
	点-3 OB-3	308.8 DEe	139.3 Cd	95.4 ABabcd	26.9 Aab	11.0 CDEcd	10.4 Eef
	点-2 OB-2	326.8 BCbc	137.2 Ce	95.4 ABabcd	26.9 Aab	11.5 ABb	11.1 Bb
	点-1 OB-1	317.8 CDd	132.7 Df	95.3 ABbcd	27.0 Aab	10.9 DEFd	10.3 EFfg
	撒-3 CT-3	320.8 CDcd	131.3 DEfg	95.2 ABCcd	26.8 Ab	10.7 EFd	10.2 Fg
	撒-2 CT-2	332.2 Bb	129.9 Eg	95.1 BCd	26.9 Aab	11.1 CDEcd	10.7 Dd
	撒-1 CT-1	325.3 BCbcd	125.8 Fh	95.1 BCc	26.8 Ab	10.4 Fe	9.9 Gh

试验地点与品种 Site and variety	移栽方式 Transplanting ways	有效穗数 Effective panicle number (×10⁴hm^-2)	每穗粒数 No. of grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate %	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	理论产量 Theoretical yield /(t·hm^-2)	实收产量 Harvest yield /(t·hm^-2)
江苏海安 Haian,Jiangsu
武运粳24 Wuyunjing 24	机插MT	352.7 Aa	127.3 EFf	93.5 Bc	27.1 Aa	11.4 CDEd	10.8 EFGef
	摆-3 OT-3	295.2 Fg	156.6 Aa	95.2 Aab	27.3 Aa	12.0 ABab	11.5 ABCb
	摆-2 OT-2	307.0 EFef	154.1 ABab	95.5 Aa	27.3 Aa	12.3 Aa	11.8 Aa
	摆-1 OT-1	297.5 Ffg	152.4 Bb	95.3 Aab	27.3 Aa	11.8 BCbc	11.3 BCDbc
	点-3 OB-3	305.8 EFef	147.8 Cc	95.0 Aab	27.3 Aa	11.7 BCDbc	11.3 BCDEbcd
	点-2 OB-2	321.7 CDd	146.2 Cc	95.3 Aab	27.2 Aa	12.2 ABa	11.6 ABab
	点-1 OB-1	314.8 DEde	141.3 Dd	95.2 Aab	27.2 Aa	11.5 CDcd	11.1 CDEFcde
	撒-3 CT-3	324.3 CDcd	134.2 Ee	94.8 Ab	27.3 Aa	11.3 EFe	10.7 FGfg
	撒-2 CT-2	339.6 Bb	132.3 EFe	95.1 Ac	27.2 Aa	11.6 DEd	11.0 DEFde
	撒-1 CT-1	331.9 BCbc	129.0 FGf	94.9 Aab	27.2 Aa	11.1 Fe	10.5 Gg
南粳44 Nanjing 44	机插MT	356.8 Aa	127.3 EFf	93.5 Bc	27.1 Aa	11.2 CDEd	10.7 DEef
	摆-3 OT-3	297.7 De	150.8 Aa	95.3 ABab	27.1 Aa	11.6 ABCb	11.0 BCbc
	摆-2 OT-2	310.9 CDde	148.0 ABab	95.7 Aa	27.1 Aa	11.9 Aa	11.5 Aa
	摆-1 OT-1	300.4 De	145.2 Bb	95.5 ABab	27.1 Aa	11.3 BCDc	10.8 CDcde
	点-3 OB-3	319.9 BCDcd	136.0 Cc	95.2 ABbc	27.1 Aa	11.2 CDc	10.8 CDcde
	点-2 OB-2	335.2 ABbc	135.0 Cc	95.5 ABab	27.0 Aa	11.7 ABab	11.2 ABb
	点-1 OB-1	329.1 BCbc	130.4 Dd	95.4 ABab	27.0 Aa	11.1 Dcd	10.7 CDEde
	撒-3 CT-3	325.9 BCbcd	129.3 Dd	95.0 Bc	27.1 Aa	10.9 DEde	10.5 EFfg
	撒-2 CT-2	341.8 ABab	128.3 EDd	95.3 ABbc	27.0 Aa	11.3 DEcd	11.0 BCDcd
	撒-1 CT-1	336.9 ABb	123.0 Ee	95.2 ABbc	27.0 Aa	10.7 Ee	10.2 Fg
江苏扬州 Yangzhou,Jiangsu
武运粳24 Wuyunjing 24	机插MT	347.8 Aa	124.3 Gh	93.8 Bb	27.0 Ac	11.0 EFe	10.7 EFef
	摆-3 OT-3	293.9 Gh	152.8 Aa	95.7 Aa	27.5 Aa	11.8 ABCbc	11.4 ABCbc
	摆-2 OT-2	310.3 DEFef	150.3 ABb	95.8 Aa	27.4 Aa	12.2 Aa	11.6 Aa
	摆-1 OT-1	301.3 FGg	147.6 BCc	95.5 Aa	27.4 Aa	11.6 BCcd	11.2 BCc
	点-3 OB-3	302.8 Fg	145.4 Cd	95.4 Aa	27.4 Aa	11.5 Ccd	11.2 CDc
	点-2 OB-2	314.8 DEde	145.2 Cd	95.6 Aa	27.4 Aa	12.0 ABab	11.5 ABab
	点-1 OB-1	307.3 EFfg	142.3 De	95.5 Aa	27.3 Aabc	11.4 CDd	10.9 DEd
	撒-3 CT-3	318.0 CDcd	131.2 Ef	95.4 Aa	27.2 Aabc	10.8 EFef	10.6 FGf
	撒-2 CT-2	331.3 Bb	129.3 EFfg	95.3 Aa	27.1 Abc	11.1 DEe	10.8 EFde
	撒-1 CT-1	323.8 BCc	127.4 Fg	95.3 Aa	27.0 Ac	10.6 Ff	10.4 Gg
南粳44 Nanjing 44	机插 MT	350.8 Aa	123.6 Fi	94.7 Ce	26.8 Ab	11.0 CDEcd	10.5 DEe
	摆-3 OT-3	292.4 Gg	151.5 Aa	95.5 ABabc	27.0 Aab	11.4 ABCb	10.9 BCc
	摆-2 OT-2	304.3 EFef	149.6 Ab	95.7 Aa	27.1 Aa	11.8 Aa	11.4 Aa
	摆-1 OT-1	296.9 FGfg	146.5 Bc	95.6 ABab	27.0 Aab	11.2 BCDbc	10.7 CDd
	点-3 OB-3	308.8 DEe	139.3 Cd	95.4 ABabcd	26.9 Aab	11.0 CDEcd	10.4 Eef
	点-2 OB-2	326.8 BCbc	137.2 Ce	95.4 ABabcd	26.9 Aab	11.5 ABb	11.1 Bb
	点-1 OB-1	317.8 CDd	132.7 Df	95.3 ABbcd	27.0 Aab	10.9 DEFd	10.3 EFfg
	撒-3 CT-3	320.8 CDcd	131.3 DEfg	95.2 ABCcd	26.8 Ab	10.7 EFd	10.2 Fg
	撒-2 CT-2	332.2 Bb	129.9 Eg	95.1 BCd	26.9 Aab	11.1 CDEcd	10.7 Dd
	撒-1 CT-1	325.3 BCbcd	125.8 Fh	95.1 BCc	26.8 Ab	10.4 Fe	9.9 Gh

品种与移栽方式 Variety and transplanting ways	栽后7 d 7 d after transplanting			栽后15 d 15 d after transplanting
品种与移栽方式 Variety and transplanting ways	单株根长 Root length per plant/cm	单株根数 Root number per plant	根干质量 Dry weight of root /(g·plant^-1)	单株根长 Root length per plant/cm	单株根数 Root number per plant	根干质量 Dry weight of root per plant /(g·plant^-1)
武运粳24 Wuyunjing 24
机插 MT	77.1 Gh	10.0 Gg	0.0507 Ge	229.9 EFf	39.8B bc	0.0715 DEef
摆-3 OT-3	139.5 Aa	18.8 Aa	0.0719 Aa	272.9 Bb	44.5 Aa	0.0760 ABab
摆-2 OT-2	133.7 ABb	18.1 ABab	0.0709 ABa	290.0 Aa	46.0 Aa	0.0777 Aa
摆-1 OT-1	129.2 BCb	17.6 BCb	0.0626 DEc	246.2 CDcd	40.3 Bb	0.0721 CDEde
点-3 OB-3	123.6 Cc	16.8 Cc	0.0680 BCb	256.2 Cc	35.3 Cd	0.0746 ABab
点-2 OB-2	114.4 Dd	15.7 Dd	0.0662 CDb	281.3 ABab	38.3 Bc	0.0760 ABab
点-1 OB-1	103.1 Eef	14.4 Ee	0.0578 Fd	233.0 DEFef	33.0 CDe	0.0696 Ef
撒-3 CT-3	105.6 Ee	14.7 DEe	0.0629 DEc	223.9 FGf	30.0 Efg	0.0706 Eef
撒-2 CT-2	98.8 Ef	13.9 Ee	0.0617 Ec	242.8 CDEde	31.5 DEef	0.0737 BCDcd
撒-1 CT-1	90.6 Fg	12.8 Ff	0.0559 Fd	212.9 Gg	29.5 Eg	0.0668 Fg
南粳44 Nanjing 44
机插 MT	84.2 Fg	12.0 Fd	0.0421 Fi	205.3 Fg	32.7 CDc	0.0678 EFef
摆-3 OT-3	129.3 Aa	17.8 Aa	0.0650 Aa	250.2 Bbc	35.8 Bb	0.0743 ABab
摆-2 OT-2	123.0 Bb	17.1 ABa	0.0630 Ab	274.0 Aa	39.5 Aa	0.0754 Aa
摆-1 OT-1	114.0 Cc	16.1 BCb	0.0544 CDe	235.9 Cd	34.5 BCbc	0.0727 Bbc
点-3 OB-3	115.1 Cc	16.0 BCb	0.0591 Bc	237.8 Cd	33.0 BCc	0.0703 CDd
点-2 OB-2	109.7 Cd	15.6 CDb	0.0568 BCd	256.2 Bb	35.3 BCb	0.0720 BCc
点-1 OB-1	100.4 De	14.5 DEc	0.0493 Eg	221.2 DEe	30.0 DEd	0.0683 DEFef
撒-3 CT-3	103.1 De	14.6 DEc	0.0544 CDe	224.2 De	30.0 DEd	0.0674 EFfg
撒-2 CT-2	100.9 De	14.4 Dec	0.0523 Df	248.8 Bc	32.5 CDc	0.0695 DEde
撒-1 CT-1	93.5 Ef	13.7 Ec	0.0443 Fh	212.7 EFf	28.0 Ed	0.0660 Fg

品种与移栽方式 Variety and transplanting ways	栽后7 d 7 d after transplanting			栽后15 d 15 d after transplanting
品种与移栽方式 Variety and transplanting ways	单株根长 Root length per plant/cm	单株根数 Root number per plant	根干质量 Dry weight of root /(g·plant^-1)	单株根长 Root length per plant/cm	单株根数 Root number per plant	根干质量 Dry weight of root per plant /(g·plant^-1)
武运粳24 Wuyunjing 24
机插 MT	77.1 Gh	10.0 Gg	0.0507 Ge	229.9 EFf	39.8B bc	0.0715 DEef
摆-3 OT-3	139.5 Aa	18.8 Aa	0.0719 Aa	272.9 Bb	44.5 Aa	0.0760 ABab
摆-2 OT-2	133.7 ABb	18.1 ABab	0.0709 ABa	290.0 Aa	46.0 Aa	0.0777 Aa
摆-1 OT-1	129.2 BCb	17.6 BCb	0.0626 DEc	246.2 CDcd	40.3 Bb	0.0721 CDEde
点-3 OB-3	123.6 Cc	16.8 Cc	0.0680 BCb	256.2 Cc	35.3 Cd	0.0746 ABab
点-2 OB-2	114.4 Dd	15.7 Dd	0.0662 CDb	281.3 ABab	38.3 Bc	0.0760 ABab
点-1 OB-1	103.1 Eef	14.4 Ee	0.0578 Fd	233.0 DEFef	33.0 CDe	0.0696 Ef
撒-3 CT-3	105.6 Ee	14.7 DEe	0.0629 DEc	223.9 FGf	30.0 Efg	0.0706 Eef
撒-2 CT-2	98.8 Ef	13.9 Ee	0.0617 Ec	242.8 CDEde	31.5 DEef	0.0737 BCDcd
撒-1 CT-1	90.6 Fg	12.8 Ff	0.0559 Fd	212.9 Gg	29.5 Eg	0.0668 Fg
南粳44 Nanjing 44
机插 MT	84.2 Fg	12.0 Fd	0.0421 Fi	205.3 Fg	32.7 CDc	0.0678 EFef
摆-3 OT-3	129.3 Aa	17.8 Aa	0.0650 Aa	250.2 Bbc	35.8 Bb	0.0743 ABab
摆-2 OT-2	123.0 Bb	17.1 ABa	0.0630 Ab	274.0 Aa	39.5 Aa	0.0754 Aa
摆-1 OT-1	114.0 Cc	16.1 BCb	0.0544 CDe	235.9 Cd	34.5 BCbc	0.0727 Bbc
点-3 OB-3	115.1 Cc	16.0 BCb	0.0591 Bc	237.8 Cd	33.0 BCc	0.0703 CDd
点-2 OB-2	109.7 Cd	15.6 CDb	0.0568 BCd	256.2 Bb	35.3 BCb	0.0720 BCc
点-1 OB-1	100.4 De	14.5 DEc	0.0493 Eg	221.2 DEe	30.0 DEd	0.0683 DEFef
撒-3 CT-3	103.1 De	14.6 DEc	0.0544 CDe	224.2 De	30.0 DEd	0.0674 EFfg
撒-2 CT-2	100.9 De	14.4 Dec	0.0523 Df	248.8 Bc	32.5 CDc	0.0695 DEde
撒-1 CT-1	93.5 Ef	13.7 Ec	0.0443 Fh	212.7 EFf	28.0 Ed	0.0660 Fg

品种与移栽方式 Variety and transplanting ways	单茎根系干质量 Root dry weight/(g·stem^-1)				群体根干质量 Root dry weight of population /(g· m^-2)
品种与移栽方式 Variety and transplanting ways	有效分蘖临界叶龄期 CS	拔节期ES	抽穗期 HS	成熟期 MS	有效分蘖临界叶龄期 CS	拔节期 ES	抽穗期 HS	成熟期 MS
武运粳24 Wuyunjing 24
机插 MT	0.096 Ff	0.202 Fg	0.338 Ce	0.200 Dde	44.0 Abc	90.4 Abcde	122.1 Bc	70.4 BCDbcd
摆-3 OT-3	0.128 ABab	0.283 ABab	0.427 Aab	0.254Aa	45.8 Aabc	95.4 Aab	132.4 ABab	75.0 ABbcd
摆-2 OT-2	0.131 Aa	0.290 Aa	0.431 Aa	0.254 Aa	43.6 Ac	96.2 Aa	135.0 Aa	78.2 Aa
摆-1 OT-1	0.125 ABCabc	0.279 ABCab	0.415 Aabc	0.250 Aa	48.6 Aabc	95.2 Aabc	128.9 ABabc	74.2 ABCabc
点-3 OB-3	0.121 BCDcd	0.270 BCbc	0.390 ABcd	0.229 Bbc	48.3 Aabc	93.0 Aabcde	126.4 ABbc	70.1 BCDcd
点-2 OB-2	0.123 ABCbc	0.281 ABCab	0.396 ABbc	0.233 Bb	44.6 Abc	94.3 Aabcd	128.8 ABabc	75.1 ABab
点-1 OB-1	0.120 BCDEde	0.263 CDcd	0.389 ABcd	0.220 BCc	50.8 Aab	92.1 Aabcde	125.5 ABbc	69.2 BCDde
撒-3 CT-3	0.113 DEe	0.241 Eef	0.355 BCe	0.208 CDd	49.7A abc	89.4 Ade	121.5 Bc	67.4 CDde
撒-2 CT-2	0.116 CDEde	0.250 DEde	0.361 BCde	0.207 CDd	46.0 Aabc	89.9 Acde	124.0 ABbc	70.6 BCDbcd
撒-1 CT-1	0.111 Ee	0.235 Ef	0.353 BCe	0.196 De	51.5 Aa	88.6 Ae	120.6 Bc	65.0 De
南粳44 Nanjing 44
机插 MT	0.101 Ef	0.191 Fg	0.345 De	0.185 DEef	47.8 ABbcd	89.4 Bc	127.3 ABab	66.1 DEde
摆-3 OT-3	0.133 Aa	0.279 ABb	0.410 ABab	0.261 Aa	48.6 ABbcd	93.4 ABab	128.5 ABab	78.0 ABb
摆-2 OT-2	0.135 Aa	0.295 Aa	0.420 Aa	0.266 Aa	45.2 Bd	94.6 Aa	131.5 Aa	82.6 Aa
摆-1 OT-1	0.131 ABab	0.271 BCbc	0.404 Bb	0.256 Aa	52.1 ABabc	93.2 ABab	126.5 ABabc	76.9 Bbc
点-3 OB-3	0.121 BCDbcd	0.257 CDcd	0.369 Ccd	0.230 Bb	53.6 Aab	92.8 ABabc	124.5 ABCbc	73.6 BCc
点-2 OB-2	0.124 BCDcde	0.270 BCbc	0.378 Cc	0.227 Bb	47.3 ABcd	94.2 ABa	128.0 ABab	76.4 Bbc
点-1 OB-1	0.117 CDEcde	0.253 CDd	0.365 Cd	0.211 Cc	55.1 Aa	92.4 ABabc	123.1 BCDbcd	69.4 CDd
撒-3 CT-3	0.111 CDEdef	0.227 Eef	0.336 DEef	0.194 DEde	53.6 Aab	91.2 ABabc	117.8 CDde	63.2 EFef
撒-2 CT-2	0.115 CDEcde	0.237 DEe	0.345 De	0.198 CDd	47.8 ABbcd	92.1 ABabc	121.1 BCDcd	67.6 DEd
撒-1 CT-1	0.107 DEef	0.220 Ef	0.328 Ef	0.179 Ef	55.5 Aa	90.5 ABbc	115.5 De	60.4 Ff