温度对不同叶龄长雄野生稻及其后代化感作用的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.5158

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

掌握温度对长雄野生稻(Oryza longistaminata)及其后代化感作用的影响, 对开发利用野生种质资源的化感抗草基因具有重要意义。采用直接树脂吸收法收集不同叶龄长雄野生稻及其后代在各温度条件下的根系分泌物,并以稗草作为受体,测定其化感作用。结果表明:1)温度、叶龄和温度×叶龄对水稻化感作用的影响与其自身化感潜力正相关,且对强化感和中化感潜力水稻(OL、F₁、RL159 和RL169)的化感作用影响极显著,而对弱化感水稻(RD23和RL219)的化感作用影响不显著。2)供试条件下长雄野生稻及其后代根系分泌物对稗草的化感作用均为抑制作用,其中,低温不利于水稻化感潜力的发挥。15℃时, 强和中化感潜力水稻在不同叶龄对稗草的苗高、根长和生物量的抑制作用最弱,化感综合效应指数也显著大于同等叶龄的高温处理。3)高温有利于水稻化感潜力的发挥,但并非总是随温度的升高而增强。在6叶期和8叶期,水稻材料OL、F₁、RL159和RL169随温度的升高化感作用逐渐增强,但在2叶期和4叶期则表现为先增强后减弱,在25℃时对稗草化感作用最强。4)在15℃时,强和中等化感潜力水稻在2叶期化感作用最弱,而在其他温度条件下,其化感作用随叶龄的增加表现为先减弱后增强,在2叶期化感作用最强。研究结果显示,温度对不同叶龄的水稻化感作用具有调控作用,幼苗阶段高温有利于强和中化感潜力水稻化感作用的发挥。

关键词: 长雄野生稻, 根系, 分泌物, 温度, 叶龄, 化感作用

Abstract:

Rice allelopathy is considered as a complex phenomenon of chemical ecology, and temperature plays an important role in regulating allelopathic potential. Former studies have demonstrated that the wild rice (Oryza longistaminata) has high allelopathic potential.Therefore,understanding the allelopathic responses to temperature of wild rice and its descendants is very important to finally exploit and utilize allelopathic genes of wild germplasm resources.The root exudates of different allelopathic potential rice accessions(OL, RD23, F1, RL159, RL169 and RL219)were respectively collected by the resin of AG 50W-X8,followed by the evaluation of their allelopathic potential to barnyardgrass.The results demonstrated: 1) Allelopathic response to temperature,leaf ages and temperature×leaf age were significantly different among different allelopathic potential rice accessions. The allelopathy was significantly affected by temperature, leaf age and temperature×leaf age of OL, F1, RL159 and RL169, but low allelopathic rice accessions of RD23 and RL219 followed an opposite trend. 2) Regardless of leaf ages,the root exudates have weakest inhibitory ability to the growth of barnyardgrass at low temperature(15℃). The effects of allelopathic rice accessions OL, F1, RL159 and RL169 were greater than low allelopathic ones at low temperature(15℃) condition. 3) High temperature was conducive to the allelopathic enhancement of allelopathic rice, but the allelopathy was not always enhanced with increasing temperature. The allelopathy was strengthened with increasing temperature of allelopathic rice accessions OL, F1, RL159 and RL169 when they were at the 6-leaf stage and 8-leaf stage, but at the 2-leaf stage and 4-leaf stage, the allelopathy was enhanced first and then decreased with increasing temperature, and the allelopathy was strongest at 25℃. 4)Allelopathic responses to leaf ages were significantly different among different allelopathic potential rice. The allelopathy is the highest at the 2-leaf stage for allelopathic rice accessions OL, F1, RL159 and RL169 except for 15℃, then the allelopathy weakened with the increasing rice leaf ages.This finding suggests that allelopathic enhancement by temperature conditions at different leaf ages were worthwhile in future for the understanding of allelopathic responses to associated weeds.

Key words: wild rice (Oryza longistaminata), root exudates, temperature, leaf age, allelopathy

中图分类号:

徐高峰, 申时才, 张付斗, 张玉华. 温度对不同叶龄长雄野生稻及其后代化感作用的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(5): 559-566.

Gao-feng XU, Shi-cai SHEN, Fu-dou ZHANG, Yu-hua ZHANG. Allelopathic Response to Different Temperature Conditions of Wild Rice (Oryza longistaminata) and Its Descendants[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2016, 30(5): 559-566.

图/表 5

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水稻材料 Allelopathic rice	温度 Temperature/℃	苗长抑制率 Inhibition rate to seedling height/%
水稻材料 Allelopathic rice	温度 Temperature/℃	2叶期 2-leaf stage	4叶期 4-leaf stage	6叶期 6-leaf stage	8叶期 8-leaf stage
OL	15	11.62±0.70 CjJc	16.72±0.57 Bfg	17.19±0.60 Be	23.10±2.09 Aef
	20	64.29±1.29 Ae	32.72±1.49 Bcd	21.94±1.59 Ccd	36.33±1.87 Bcd
	25	82.23±1.60 Aa	48.51±3.57 Ba	26.12±2.34 Dbc	38.69±3.12 Cc
	30	73.87±1.13 Acd	34.80±1.57 Cbcd	31.92±1.58 Ca	58.67±4.08 Ba
F₁	15	9.83±0.68 Djk	13.24±0.80 Cgh	16.82±0.90 Bef	20.08±1.32 Af
	20	56.74±2.41 Af	32.11±2.00 Bcd	17.39±1.11 Ce	27.42±1.90 Be
	25	78.66±1.49 Aab	37.42±2.01 Bbc	21.75±2.34 Ccd	35.55±2.82 Bcd
	30	75.18±1.32 Abcd	36.87±2.72 Cbc	32.92±1.47 Ca	53.55±3.38 Bab
RD23	15	3.98±0.67 Am	2.57±0.51 Aj	2.54±0.24 Ajk	3.54±0.22 Ah
	20	4.18±0.28 Am	3.24±0.23 Aij	3.93±0.17 Aijk	2.93±0.09 Ah
	25	4.74±0.52 Am	4.98±0.53 Aij	4.10±0.66 Aijk	5.10±0.40 Agh
	30	6.41±1.12 Aklm	3.32±0.28 Bij	8.04±0.49 Ahi	7.04±0.51 Agh
RL159	15	11.51±0.99 Cj	13.82±0.72 BCgh	15.19±1.15 Bfg	19.86±1.52 Af
	20	50.46±1.72 Ag	28.03±1.02 Cde	15.40±1.68 Dfg	37.94±3.27 Bc
	25	77.92±2.52 Abc	40.83±0.88 Bb	25.52±1.95 Cbc	40.05±3.07 Bc
	30	71.18±2.74 Ad	31.93±3.12 Ccd	27.34±1.58 Cb	51.26±3.33 Bb
RL169	15	17.52±1.33 BCi	22.40±1.94 ABef	15.88±0.80 Cfg	26.30±2.29 Ae
	20	34.74±1.86 Ah	21.05±2.07 Cf	12.19±0.67 Dgh	27.81±2.07 Be
	25	49.67±1.82 Ag	29.67±2.43 Bd	15.67±0.80 Cfg	27.38±1.80 Be
	30	47.04±1.69 Ag	28.56±1.09 Bd	26.37±2.04 Bbc	30.39±2.52 Bde
RL219	15	5.08±0.61 Alm	2.92±1.12 Bj	1.25±0.27 Ck	2.80±1.04 Bh
	20	6.05±0.74 ABklm	4.42±0.39 Bij	2.02±0.29 Ck	7.54±0.61 Agh
	25	7.45±0.50 Bkl	6.38±0.73 Bij	5.26±0.43 Bijk	9.81±1.11 Agh
	30	9.32±0.40 ABjk	8.79±0.63 ABhi	7.09±1.14 Bij	11.25±0.23 Ag

水稻材料 Allelopathic rice	温度 Temperature/℃	苗长抑制率 Inhibition rate to seedling height/%
水稻材料 Allelopathic rice	温度 Temperature/℃	2叶期 2-leaf stage	4叶期 4-leaf stage	6叶期 6-leaf stage	8叶期 8-leaf stage
OL	15	11.62±0.70 CjJc	16.72±0.57 Bfg	17.19±0.60 Be	23.10±2.09 Aef
	20	64.29±1.29 Ae	32.72±1.49 Bcd	21.94±1.59 Ccd	36.33±1.87 Bcd
	25	82.23±1.60 Aa	48.51±3.57 Ba	26.12±2.34 Dbc	38.69±3.12 Cc
	30	73.87±1.13 Acd	34.80±1.57 Cbcd	31.92±1.58 Ca	58.67±4.08 Ba
F₁	15	9.83±0.68 Djk	13.24±0.80 Cgh	16.82±0.90 Bef	20.08±1.32 Af
	20	56.74±2.41 Af	32.11±2.00 Bcd	17.39±1.11 Ce	27.42±1.90 Be
	25	78.66±1.49 Aab	37.42±2.01 Bbc	21.75±2.34 Ccd	35.55±2.82 Bcd
	30	75.18±1.32 Abcd	36.87±2.72 Cbc	32.92±1.47 Ca	53.55±3.38 Bab
RD23	15	3.98±0.67 Am	2.57±0.51 Aj	2.54±0.24 Ajk	3.54±0.22 Ah
	20	4.18±0.28 Am	3.24±0.23 Aij	3.93±0.17 Aijk	2.93±0.09 Ah
	25	4.74±0.52 Am	4.98±0.53 Aij	4.10±0.66 Aijk	5.10±0.40 Agh
	30	6.41±1.12 Aklm	3.32±0.28 Bij	8.04±0.49 Ahi	7.04±0.51 Agh
RL159	15	11.51±0.99 Cj	13.82±0.72 BCgh	15.19±1.15 Bfg	19.86±1.52 Af
	20	50.46±1.72 Ag	28.03±1.02 Cde	15.40±1.68 Dfg	37.94±3.27 Bc
	25	77.92±2.52 Abc	40.83±0.88 Bb	25.52±1.95 Cbc	40.05±3.07 Bc
	30	71.18±2.74 Ad	31.93±3.12 Ccd	27.34±1.58 Cb	51.26±3.33 Bb
RL169	15	17.52±1.33 BCi	22.40±1.94 ABef	15.88±0.80 Cfg	26.30±2.29 Ae
	20	34.74±1.86 Ah	21.05±2.07 Cf	12.19±0.67 Dgh	27.81±2.07 Be
	25	49.67±1.82 Ag	29.67±2.43 Bd	15.67±0.80 Cfg	27.38±1.80 Be
	30	47.04±1.69 Ag	28.56±1.09 Bd	26.37±2.04 Bbc	30.39±2.52 Bde
RL219	15	5.08±0.61 Alm	2.92±1.12 Bj	1.25±0.27 Ck	2.80±1.04 Bh
	20	6.05±0.74 ABklm	4.42±0.39 Bij	2.02±0.29 Ck	7.54±0.61 Agh
	25	7.45±0.50 Bkl	6.38±0.73 Bij	5.26±0.43 Bijk	9.81±1.11 Agh
	30	9.32±0.40 ABjk	8.79±0.63 ABhi	7.09±1.14 Bij	11.25±0.23 Ag

水稻材料 Allelopathic rice	温度 Temperature/℃	根长抑制率 Inhibition rate to root length/%
水稻材料 Allelopathic rice	温度 Temperature/℃	2叶期 2-leaf stage	4叶期 4-leaf stage	6叶期 6-leaf stage	8叶期 8-leaf stage
OL	15	14.92±0.80 Cij	23.30±1.32 Bh	27.86±1.53 Bf	32.98±2.08 Ae
	20	67.79±2.27 Ad	54.71±2.41 Cde	32.87±2.00 Dde	60.92±0.88 Bc
	25	95.57±0.60 Aa	61.87±2.90 Dabc	43.29±1.44 Cab	80.64±2.45 Bb
	30	91.29±1.43 Aab	57.14±1.93 Ccde	45.94±1.51 Da	88.84±0.71 Ba
F₁	15	12.82±0.84 Bj	15.71±0.56 Bij	21.28±1.67 Ag	25.18±2.01 Af
	20	64.29±1.89 Ad	59.90±2.92 Bbcd	27.03±1.01 Cf	59.27±2.24 Bc
	25	92.07±0.56 Aab	66.27±2.11 Ba	41.55±1.40 Cb	61.50±3.44 Bc
	30	89.64±2.16 Ab	64.97±2.74 Ca	43.14±2.46 Dab	83.94±2.20 Bb
RD23	15	6.11±0.50 Ak	3.22±0.16 Cl	4.03±0.39 BCkl	5.03±0.77 ABi
	20	4.64±1.05 Ak	5.40±0.45 Akl	5.42±0.66 Akl	4.42±0.21 Ai
	25	4.07±1.16 Bk	7.75±0.31 Akl	5.85±0.58 ABkl	6.85±0.80 Ai
	30	3.68±0.73 Bk	6.91±0.68 ABkl	8.94±0.38 Ajk	7.94±0.71 Ai
RL159	15	27.27±1.70 Cg	32.76±1.42 Bg	36.01±2.12 Bcd	47.06±1.67 Ad
	20	57.37±2.74 Ae	31.87±2.91 Cg	17.51±1.16 Dgh	43.14±1.33 Bd
	25	88.60±2.32 Ab	46.42±3.33 Bf	29.02±1.83 Cef	45.54±1.42 Bd
	30	80.93±0.72 Ac	36.31±2.11 Cg	31.08±1.80 Def	58.28±1.66 Bc
RL169	15	41.53±1.42 Cf	53.08±0.69 Be	37.62±1.01 Cc	62.33±0.87 Ac
	20	39.50±1.46 Af	23.93±2.27 Ch	13.86±0.63 Dhi	31.62±1.59 Be
	25	56.48±2.52 Ae	33.73±1.20 Bg	17.82±0.71 Cgh	31.13±0.85 Be
	30	53.48±1.98 Ae	32.47±1.85 Bg	29.98±1.83 Bef	34.55±2.50 Be
RL219	15	12.04±1.64 Ag	5.23±0.58 BCkl	3.21±0.41 Cl	6.98±0.80 Bi
	20	14.35±2.01 ABij	10.69±0.98 BCjk	7.51±0.79 Cjkl	15.36±1.13 Ah
	25	17.66±3.36 Ahi	14.24±0.92 ABij	11.32±0.82 Bij	17.21±1.11 ABgh
	30	22.09±1.45 Ah	17.42±0.90 Bi	16.81±0.72 Bh	20.97±1.04 Afg

水稻材料 Allelopathic rice	温度 Temperature/℃	根长抑制率 Inhibition rate to root length/%
水稻材料 Allelopathic rice	温度 Temperature/℃	2叶期 2-leaf stage	4叶期 4-leaf stage	6叶期 6-leaf stage	8叶期 8-leaf stage
OL	15	14.92±0.80 Cij	23.30±1.32 Bh	27.86±1.53 Bf	32.98±2.08 Ae
	20	67.79±2.27 Ad	54.71±2.41 Cde	32.87±2.00 Dde	60.92±0.88 Bc
	25	95.57±0.60 Aa	61.87±2.90 Dabc	43.29±1.44 Cab	80.64±2.45 Bb
	30	91.29±1.43 Aab	57.14±1.93 Ccde	45.94±1.51 Da	88.84±0.71 Ba
F₁	15	12.82±0.84 Bj	15.71±0.56 Bij	21.28±1.67 Ag	25.18±2.01 Af
	20	64.29±1.89 Ad	59.90±2.92 Bbcd	27.03±1.01 Cf	59.27±2.24 Bc
	25	92.07±0.56 Aab	66.27±2.11 Ba	41.55±1.40 Cb	61.50±3.44 Bc
	30	89.64±2.16 Ab	64.97±2.74 Ca	43.14±2.46 Dab	83.94±2.20 Bb
RD23	15	6.11±0.50 Ak	3.22±0.16 Cl	4.03±0.39 BCkl	5.03±0.77 ABi
	20	4.64±1.05 Ak	5.40±0.45 Akl	5.42±0.66 Akl	4.42±0.21 Ai
	25	4.07±1.16 Bk	7.75±0.31 Akl	5.85±0.58 ABkl	6.85±0.80 Ai
	30	3.68±0.73 Bk	6.91±0.68 ABkl	8.94±0.38 Ajk	7.94±0.71 Ai
RL159	15	27.27±1.70 Cg	32.76±1.42 Bg	36.01±2.12 Bcd	47.06±1.67 Ad
	20	57.37±2.74 Ae	31.87±2.91 Cg	17.51±1.16 Dgh	43.14±1.33 Bd
	25	88.60±2.32 Ab	46.42±3.33 Bf	29.02±1.83 Cef	45.54±1.42 Bd
	30	80.93±0.72 Ac	36.31±2.11 Cg	31.08±1.80 Def	58.28±1.66 Bc
RL169	15	41.53±1.42 Cf	53.08±0.69 Be	37.62±1.01 Cc	62.33±0.87 Ac
	20	39.50±1.46 Af	23.93±2.27 Ch	13.86±0.63 Dhi	31.62±1.59 Be
	25	56.48±2.52 Ae	33.73±1.20 Bg	17.82±0.71 Cgh	31.13±0.85 Be
	30	53.48±1.98 Ae	32.47±1.85 Bg	29.98±1.83 Bef	34.55±2.50 Be
RL219	15	12.04±1.64 Ag	5.23±0.58 BCkl	3.21±0.41 Cl	6.98±0.80 Bi
	20	14.35±2.01 ABij	10.69±0.98 BCjk	7.51±0.79 Cjkl	15.36±1.13 Ah
	25	17.66±3.36 Ahi	14.24±0.92 ABij	11.32±0.82 Bij	17.21±1.11 ABgh
	30	22.09±1.45 Ah	17.42±0.90 Bi	16.81±0.72 Bh	20.97±1.04 Afg

水稻材料 Allelopathic rice	温度 Temperature/℃	生物量抑制率 Inhibition rate to biomass/%
水稻材料 Allelopathic rice	温度 Temperature/℃	2叶期 2-leaf stage	4叶期 4-leaf stage	6叶期 6-leaf stage	8叶期 8-leaf stage
OL	15	14.20±0.79 Dkl	19.81±0.88 Ch	23.14±1.01 Bf	30.00±1.14 Ah
	20	72.64±2.52 Ad	45.51±1.36 Cd	32.88±1.23 Dcd	53.49±1.34 Bd
	25	94.24±1.58 Aa	59.33±1.71 Ca	39.49±1.44 Db	66.26±1.59 Bc
	30	90.01±1.12 Aab	49.19±1.38 Bc	43.09±1.64 Ca	88.50±2.22 Aa
F₁	15	12.12±0.61 Clm	14.33±0.81 Ci	19.57±0.72 Bg	24.21±0.88 Ai
	20	66.57±1.23 Ae	47.89±1.39 Bcd	26.65±1.52 Ce	47.68±1.60 Be
	25	90.49±3.15 Aab	55.73±2.58 Bb	35.11±2.00 Cc	53.88±1.76 Bd
	30	89.83±2.43 Aab	54.48±1.41 Bb	42.10±2.14 Cab	82.50±2.29 Ab
RD23	15	5.40±0.26 An	2.86±0.14 Cm	3.38±0.07 Cl	4.59±0.24 Bm
	20	4.85±0.21 An	4.50±0.31 Aklm	5.61±0.14 Akl	4.04±0.19 Am
	25	4.67±0.37 An	6.84±0.23 Akl	7.30±0.25 Ajk	6.64±0.31 Alm
	30	5.50±0.21 An	5.48±0.22 Aklm	9.40±0.37 Aj	8.99±0.44 Al
RL159	15	20.74±0.37 Bj	23.06±0.58 Bg	26.29±1.13 Be	35.80±0.98 Afg
	20	59.31±1.05 Af	31.18±0.85 Cf	19.74±0.78 Dg	44.59±1.06 Be
	25	88.26±2.96 Ab	46.90±1.23 Bcd	29.58±0.99 Cde	47.52±1.37 Be
	30	82.90±2.56 Ac	36.51±0.83 Ce	32.33±1.12 Dcd	65.72±1.33 Bc
RL169	15	31.59±1.06 Ci	37.36±1.06 Be	27.47±1.32 De	47.41±1.46 Ae
	20	40.83±0.92 Ah	23.41±0.96 Cg	15.63±1.08 Dhi	32.69±0.86 Bgh
	25	56.26±1.14 Afg	34.08±1.27 Bef	18.58±1.34 Cgh	32.48±1.46 Bgh
	30	54.79±0.74 Ag	32.65±0.94 Cf	31.19±1.08 Cd	38.97±1.26 Bf
RL219	15	9.16±0.60 Amn	4.03±0.29 Clm	2.29±0.14 Cl	5.23±0.25 Bm
	20	11.22±0.42 Alm	7.87±0.33 Bjk	5.72±0.21 Bkl	12.60±0.37 Ak
	25	13.31±0.48 Akl	11.08±0.39 ABij	9.20±0.44 Bj	15.00±0.33 Ak
	30	17.12±0.64 ABjk	14.02±0.69 Ci	13.23±0.82 BCi	19.33±0.65 Aj