淹涝条件下水温对水稻幼苗形态和生理的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.5183

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究淹涝水温对具有不同耐淹能力水稻材料形态和生理的影响,明确淹涝水温对水稻幼苗耐涝能力影响的机理,采用盆栽试验,选取导入耐淹基因的耐淹品种IR64Sub1和淹水敏感品种IR42以及耐淹能力较强的品种冈优725和泰优398,设计20℃和30℃两种水温进行淹水处理,淹水时间分为0, 3, 6, 9和12 d。结果表明较低淹水温度下,水中的溶氧量显著高于高水温处理;随着淹水时间延长,高水温处理溶氧量下降速度显著快于低水温处理。高水温条件下水稻幼苗株高增长率要显著高于低水温处理,虽然高水温处理下耐涝品种株高增长率也显著增加,但是增长量要显著低于其他材料。高水温处理水稻茎鞘内可溶性糖和淀粉消耗高于低水温处理,但随着淹水时间的延长两种温度处理间差异逐渐变小,较低的水温可以减少叶片叶绿素降解速率。因此,降低淹水温度可以提高淹水条件下水稻幼苗的成活率。以上结果揭示了低水温可以减少茎鞘的伸长,减少非结构性碳水化合物的消耗及叶绿素的降解,从而水稻淹涝后能维持较高的成活率。这些发现有助于理解较低洪涝水温下水稻存活更长时间的机理。

关键词: 洪涝灾害, 水温, 可溶性糖含量, 淀粉含量, 成活率

Abstract:

To reveal the effects of floodwater temperature on morphology and physiology of rice seedlings, rice genotypes with different submergence tolerance were used: IR64Sub1 (tolerant), IR42 (sensitive), Gangyou 725 and Taiyou 398 (main cultivar). Seedlings were submerged twenty-five days after sowing at two water temperature for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. The results showed that the oxygen concentration in the 20℃ floodwater was higher than that in 30℃ floodwater, the oxygen concentration decreased drastically in 30℃ floodwater than 20℃ floodwater with in creasing submergence days. The shoot elongation percentage was higher when seedlings were submerged in 30℃ floodwater than 20℃ floodwater condition. The same response was found in the tolerant variety IR64Sub1, but the shoot elongation percentage was the lowest among four varieties. The difference in shoot elongation of IR42 between two floodwater temperature was biggest after 9-day and 12-day submergence. Non-structural carbohydrate concentrations and leaf SPAD value were lower under 30℃ floodwater temperature than 20℃temperature floodwater condition. This findings help to understand the cause of high survival of rice submerged in low temperature floodwater.

Key words: flooding, water temperature, sugar concentration, starch concentration, survival percentage

中图分类号:

向镜, 陈惠哲, 张玉屏, 张义凯, 朱德峰. 淹涝条件下水温对水稻幼苗形态和生理的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(5): 525-531.

Jing XIANG, Hui-zhe CHEN, Yu-ping ZHANG, Yi-kai ZHANG, De-feng ZHU. Morphological and Physiological Responses of Rice Seedlings to Water Temperature Under Complete Submergence[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2016, 30(5): 525-531.

图/表 6

图1 两种淹水温度处理水中溶氧量的变化

Fig. 1. Changes of oxygen content in the water at two water temperatures after submergence for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days.

表1 淹涝条件下水温对供试材料株高的影响

Table 1 Plant height as affected by water temperature during submergence for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days.

材料 Material	温度 Temperature /℃	淹水时间 Submergence duration/d
材料 Material	温度 Temperature /℃	0	3	6	9	12
冈优725 Gangyou 725	20	32.9 h	36.2 g(10.0)	47.0 e(42.9)	56.9 d(72.9)	61.4 c(86.6)
	30		39.6 f(20.4)	59.0 cd(79.3)	66.2 b(101.2)	69.4 a(110.9)
泰优398 Taiyou 398	20	28.5 h	35.6 g(24.9)	40.0 f(40.4)	51.4 d(80.4)	57.1 c(100.4)
	30		35.8 g(25.6)	45.3 e(58.9)	61.7 b(116.5)	64.1 a(124.9)
IR64Sub1	20	26.8 f	29.9 e(11.6)	33.8 d(26.1)	34.9 cd(30.2)	37.1 b(38.4)
	30		33.1 d(23.5)	35.9 bc(34.0)	41.2 a(53.7)	41.3 a(54.1)
IR42	20	26.6 g	30.6 f(15.0)	37.9 e(42.5)	39.7 de(49.2)	44.8 c(68.4)
	30		32.7 f(22.9)	40.8 d(53.4)	52.4 b(97.0)	59.3 a(122.9)

表2 不同淹水温度对水稻叶片SPAD值的影响

Table 2 Effects of water temperature on leaf SPAD value of rice after submergence for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days.

材料 Material	温度 Temperature /℃	淹水时间 Submergence duration/d
材料 Material	温度 Temperature /℃	0	3	6	9	12
冈优725 Gangyou 725	20	35.5 a	36.4 a(2.5)	35.3 a(-0.6)	31.9 b(-10.3)	24.8 d(-30.1)
	30		36.0 a(1.2)	35.7 a(0.6)	29.6 c(-16.8)	20.0 e(-43.8)
泰优398 Taiyou 398	20	36.5 bc	38.4 a(5.4)	38.9 a(6.6)	36.0 bc(-1.3)	30.3 d(-16.8)
	30		39.2 a(7.6)	38.2 ab(4.9)	35.1 c(-3.6)	27.5 e(-24.6)
IR64Sub1	20	36.3 bc	36.9 b(1.6)	35.4 bcd(-2.4)	35.9 bcd(-1.1)	34.7 de(-4.4)
	30		38.7 a(6.7)	36.4 bc(0.2)	35.1 cd(-3.2)	33.2 e(-8.5)
IR42	20	33.9 ab	35.7 a(5.4)	34.3 ab(1.3)	32.6 bc(-3.7)	28.2 d(-16.8)
	30		35.5 a(4.6)	34.0 ab(0.3)	31.2 c(-7.9)	18.3 e(-46.0)

图2 淹涝条件下水温对水稻地上部可溶性糖含量的影响方柱上相同字母表示差异未达5%显著水平(n=5)。

Fig. 2. Soluble sugar concentration in the shoot of rice as influenced by different water temperatures during submergence. Common letters above the square column indicate no significant difference at 5% level (n=5).

图3 淹涝条件下水温对水稻地上部淀粉含量的影响方柱上相同字母表示差异未达5%显著水平(n=5)。

Fig. 3. Starch concentration in the shoots of rice as influenced by different water temperatures during submergence. Common letters above the square column indicate no significant difference at 5% level (n=5).

图4 淹涝条件下水温对水稻幼苗成活率的影响方柱上相同字母表示差异未达5%显著水平(n=5)。

Fig. 4. Survival percentage of different rice genotypes as influenced by different water temperatures during submergence. Common letters above the square column indicate no significant difference at 5% level (n=5).

参考文献 23

[1]	李永和, 石亚月, 陈耀岳. 试论洪涝对水稻的影响. 自然灾害学报, 2004, 13(6): 83-87.
	Li Y H, Shi Y Y, Chen Y Y.On influence of flood and water logging on yield reduction of rice.J Nat Dis, 2004, 13(6): 83-87.
	( in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]	蔺万煌, 孙福增, 彭克勤, 等. 洪涝胁迫对水稻产量及产量构成因素的影响. 湖南农业大学学报, 1997, 23(7): 50-54.
	Lin W H, Sun F Z, Peng K Q, et al.Effects of flooding on the yield and the yield components of rice.J Hunan Agric Univ, 1997, 23(7): 50-54. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	李翠金. 中国暴雨洪涝灾害的统计分析. 灾害学, 1996, 11(1): 59-63.
	Li C J.A statistical analysis of the storm flood disasters in China.J Catastrophol, 1996, 11(1): 59-63. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	彭克勤, 夏石头, 李阳生. 涝害对早中稻生理特性及产量的影响. 湖南农业大学学报, 2001, 27(3): 173-176.
	Peng K Q, Xia S T, Li Y S.Effects of complete submergence on some physiological and yield characteristics of early and middle-seasonrice.J Hunan Agric Univ, 2001, 27(3): 173-176. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	周建林, 周广洽, 陈良碧. 洪涝对水稻的危害及其抗灾减灾的栽培措施. 自然灾害学报, 2001(1): 103-106.
	Zhou J L, Zhou G Q, Chen L B. Harm of flood and waterlogging disaster to rice and fighting and reduction of disaster with cultivation measures. J Nat Dis, 2001(1), 103-106. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	李玉昌, 李阳生, 李达模, 等. 淹涝胁迫对水稻生长发育危害与耐淹性机理研究. 中国水稻科学, 1998,12(增刊): 70-76.
	Li Y C, Li Y S, Li D M, et al.Progress in research on injury to rice growth and development under submergence stress and mechanism of submergence tolerance.Chin J Rice Sci, 1998, 12(Suppl): 70-76. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	Colmer T D, Pedersen O.Oxygen dynamics in submerged rice (Oryza sativa).New Phytol, 2008, 178: 326-334.
[8]	Ramakrishnayya G, Setter T L, Sarkar R K, et al.Influence of P application to floodwater on oxygen concentrations and survival of rice during complete submergence.Exp Agric, 1999, 35: 167-180.
[9]	Das K K, Sarkar R K, Ismail A M.Elongation ability and non-structural carbohydrate levels in relation to submergence tolerance in rice.Plant Sci, 2005, 168: 131-136.
[10]	陈永华. 水稻耐淹涝生理与分子机理研究. 长沙:湖南农业大学, 2006.
	Chen Y H.Studies of physiologyical and molecular mechanism of submergence tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Changsha: Hunan Agrictural University, 2006. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	李阳生, 彭风英, 李达模, 等. 杂交水稻苗期耐淹涝特性及其与亲本的关系. 杂交水稻, 2001, 16(2): 50-53.
	Li Y S, Peng F Y, Li D M, et al.Relationship between hybrids and their parents on submergence tolerance at seedling stage.Hybrid Rice, 2001, 16(2): 50-53.
[12]	陈永华, 严钦泉, 肖国樱. 水稻耐淹涝的研究进展. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(12): 151-159.
	Chen Y H, Yan Q Q, Xiao G Y.Progresses in research of submergence tolerance in rice.Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2005, 21(12): 151-159. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	Setter T L, Ramakrishnayya G, Ram P C, et al.Environmental characteristics of floodwater in eastern India: Relevance to flooding tolerance of rice.Ind J Plant Physiol, 1995, 38: 34-40.
[14]	Whitton B A, Aziz A, Kawecka B, et al.Ecology of deepwater rice fields in Bangladesh: Ⅲ. Associated algae and macrophytesHydrobiologia, 1988, 169: 31-42.
[15]	Das K K, Panda D, Sarkar R K, et al.Submergence tolerance in relation to variable floodwater conditions in rice.Environ Exp Bot, 2009, 66: 425-434.
[16]	Sudhanshu S, Mackill D J, Ismail A M.Tolerance of longer-term partial stagnant flooding is independent of the SUB1 locus in rice.Field Crops Res, 2011, 121: 311-323.
[17]	Setter T L, Ellis M, Laureles E V, et al.Physiology and genetics of submergence tolerance in rice.Ann Bot, 1997, 79:67-77.
[18]	Jackson M B, Ram P C.Physiological and molecular basis of susceptibility and tolerance of rice plants to complete submergence.Ann Bot, 2003, 91: 227-241.
[19]	Kende H, van der Knaap E, Cho H T. Deep water rice: A model plant to study stem elongation.Plant Physiol, 1998,118: 1105-1110.
[20]	Vartapetian B B, Jackson M B.Plant adaptations to anaerobic stress.Ann Bot, 1997, 79: 3-20.
[21]	Setter T L, Laureles E V.The beneficial effect of reduced elongation growth on submergence tolerance of rice.J Exp Bot, 1996, 47: 1551-1559.
[22]	胡美霞. 水稻IR64Sub1的耐淹水特性及其基因表达与生理解析. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2011.
	Hu M X.Gene expression and physiological analysis of submergence-tolerance cultivar IR64-Sub1. Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University, 2011. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	Ella E S, Kawano N, Osamu H.Importance of active oxygen scavenging system in the recovery of rice seedlings after submergence.Plant Sci, 2003, 165: 85-93.