茉莉酸甲酯对武运粳24和宁粳3号灌浆早期高温胁迫生理特性的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.5063

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以武运粳24和宁粳3号两个常规粳稻品种为材料,采用桶栽方式,研究高温条件下外源茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)在灌浆早期对水稻生理特性及产量的影响。结果显示,喷施外源MeJA可以提高植株体内可溶性糖的积累量,维持膜的渗透平衡;外源MeJA通过增加叶片的气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r),降低水稻的叶温及穗温;MeJA通过减轻高温对光合系统的损害,进而提高PSⅡ的最大光量子产量(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)及分配给光化学反应的光能(P_r)比例,并最终提高净光合速率(P_n)。高温条件下,武运粳24中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性降低,而宁粳3号中的SOD、POD酶活性在高温后期则高于常温处理,而喷施MeJA能提高两品种SOD和POD两种酶在高温处理后期的活性,并降低丙二醛(MDA)的后期积累量,维持膜稳定性。综上所述, 在高温条件下,MeJA可以有效降低水稻植株温度,有效缓解高温胁迫对植株生理生化过程的伤害,并通过提高千粒重和结实率减轻高温导致的产量损失。

关键词: 高温胁迫, 水稻, 灌浆早期, 茉莉酸甲酯

Abstract:

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was used on the conventional japonica rice varieties Wuyunjing 24 and Ningjing 3 to study its effects on rice physiological characteristics under high temperature stress during early grain filling stage. The results indicated that MeJA could increase the accumulation of soluble sugar in rice leaf and keep the osmotic balances. Furthermore, MeJA increased the stomatal conductance (G_s) and transpiration rate (T_r), which accordingly reduced the temperature of leaf and panicle and further effectively alleviated the high temperature damages. Exogenous MeJA reduced the heat damages to the photosynthetic system, thereby leading to the increased PSⅡ maximum quantum yield (F_v /F_m), photochemical efficiency (Φ_PSⅡ), photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), energy ratio of photochemical reactions (P_r) and net photosynthetic rate(P_n). Increased grain weight and seed setting rate were found in those MeJA treated rice plants and antioxidant enzyme activity analysis showed that when exposed to high temperature for 12 days, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) antioxidant enzyme activities of Wuyunjing 24 were decreased, while SOD and POD activities of Ningjing 3 in late stage of high-temperature treatment were greatly increased compared to the CK. The results indicated that MeJA enhanced the activities of SOD and POD and reduced the accumulation of malonaldehyde(MDA), which ultimately increased the membrane stability. In conclusion, exogenous MeJA could reduce the rice canopy temperature and effectively relieve heat stress injury to plant physiological characteristics. Furthermore, exogenous MeJA could promote recovery function during recovery stage and finally mitigate yield losses.

Key words: heat stress, rice, early grain filling stage, methyl jasmonate

中图分类号:

刘霞, 唐设, 窦志, 李刚华, 刘正辉, 王绍华, 丁承强, 丁艳锋. 茉莉酸甲酯对武运粳24和宁粳3号灌浆早期高温胁迫生理特性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(3): 291-303.

Xia LIU, She TANG, Zhi DOU, Gang-hua LI, Zheng-hui LIU, Shao-hua WANG, Cheng-qiang DING, Yan-feng DING. Effects of MeJA on the Physiological Characteristics of japonica Rice Wuyunjing 24 and Ningjing 3 During Early Grain Filling Stage Under Heat Stress[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2016, 30(3): 291-303.

图/表 11

图1 高温处理期间的白天平均温度和夜间平均温度

Fig. 1. Average daytime and nighttime temperature during high temperature treatment. NT, Natural temperature; HT,High temperature.

表1 MeJA对高温胁迫水稻产量及产量构成的影响

Table 1 Effect of MeJA on yield components of rice under heat stress at early grain filling stage.

品种 Variety	处理 Treatments	每桶穗数 No.of panicales per pot	每穗粒数 No. of grains per panicale	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	每桶产量 Grain yield per pot/(g·pot^-1)
武运粳24 Wuyunjing 24	CK	28.0±0.6 a	160.8±5.5 a	36.7±0.02 c	26.21±0.31 b	43.68±3.15 b
	MeJA+HT	27.3±0.5 a	160.3±4.6 a	43.3±0.03 b	26.47±0.32 b	50.40±1.25 b
	NT	27.4±0.3 a	158.2±8.4 a	97.9±0.00 a	27.68±0.39 a	115.52±6.22 a
宁粳3号Ningjing 3	CK	32.1±0.4 a	148.4±2.4 a	40.8±0.01 c	23.36±0.15 c	46.01±2.14 c
	MeJA+HT	32.0±0.5 a	150.9±3.3 a	43.7±0.05 b	23.69±0.10 b	51.18±2.23 b
	NT	32.6±0.5 a	151.0±3.9 a	99.0±0.00 a	25.29±0.06 a	118.98±2.50 a

图2 MeJA对灌浆早期高温胁迫水稻的叶温及穗温的影响

Fig. 2. Effect of MeJA on rice panicle and leaf temperature under heat stress at early grain filling stage

图3 MeJA对灌浆早期高温胁迫水稻净光合速率的影响

Fig. 3. Effect of MeJA on net photosynthetic rate of rice leaf under heat stress at early grain filling stage.

图4 MeJA对灌浆早期高温胁迫水稻气孔导度的影响

Fig. 4. Effect of MeJA on stomatal conductance of rice leaf under heat stress at early grain filling stage.

图5 MeJA对灌浆早期高温胁迫水稻叶片蒸腾速率的影响

Fig. 5. Effect of MeJA on Transpiration of rice leaf under heat stress at early grain filling stage.

图6 MeJA对灌浆早期高温胁迫水稻的叶片捕获光能分配的影响 DAT-处理后天数。

Fig. 6. Effect of MeJA on allocations of absorbed-light energy by rice leaf under heat stress at early grain filling stage. DAT,Days after teatment.

图7 MeJA对灌浆早期高温胁迫水稻叶片PSⅡ的最大光量子产量(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)以及光合电子传递速率(ETR)的影响

Fig. 7. Effect of MeJA on Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡ and electron transport rate(ETR) of rice leaf under heat stress at early grain filling stage.

图8 MeJA对灌浆早期高温胁迫水稻叶片丙二醛含量的影响

Fig. 8. Effect of MeJA on malonaldehyde(MDA) content in rice leaf under heat stress at early grain filling stage.

图9 MeJA对灌浆早期高温胁迫水稻叶片SOD和POD活性的影响

Fig. 9. Effect of MeJA on activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) in rice leaf under heat stress at early grain filling stage.

图10 MeJA对灌浆早期高温胁迫水稻叶片可溶性糖含量的影响

Fig. 10. Effect of MeJA on soluble sugar contents of rice leaf under heat stress at early grain filling stage.

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