中日水稻品种杂交后代的株型性状与产量和品质的关系

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.5174

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以东北地区最具代表性的水稻品种辽粳5号(直立穗型)与日本著名的优质米品种秋田小町(弯曲穗型)杂交后采用单粒传法构建的F₉重组自交系群体(以下简称RIL群体)为试材,研究中日水稻品种杂交后代株型性状的变化规律及其与稻米产量和品质的关系,结果表明,来自中日水稻杂交的RIL群体的株型性状、产量和米质性状均发生了分离和重组。株高、倒3、4节长和剑叶基角与产量呈显著正相关。植株越高、颈穗弯曲程度越大、倒3叶越窄长的株系,稻米的加工品质和外观品质越好。食味值与绝大多数株型性状的相关性未达显著水平,仅与倒3片叶的宽、二次枝梗数、着粒密度呈极显著负相关。产量与米质的相关分析表明,产量越高,整精米率就越高,但食味越差。中日水稻品种杂交后代的株型性状与产量和米质性状密切相关。尽管产量与食味很难统一,但RIL群体中仍然有极小部分产量高食味也好的株系,它们的主要株型特征是具有较长的穗长和较长的倒1节间长。

关键词: 水稻, 株型, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

The F₉ recombinant inbreed lines population (RIL population) derived from the cross between Liaojing 5, the most representative rice variety with erect panicle type in the northeast of China, and Akita Komachi, the famous rice varieties with curved panicle type and good quality in Japan, were constructed through single seed descent method to study the variation of plant type traits and their relation with rice yield and quality in the hybrid progenies of cross between typical Chinese rice variety and Japanese rice variety. The results showed that segregation and recombination occurred in plant-type, yield and quality traits in the RIL population. Plant height, the length of top third and fourth internodes and the leaf angle and yield were significantly positively correlated. The higher the plant height, the greater the degree of curve of the panicle, and the narrower the three top leaves, the better processing quality and appearance quality. The correlation between taste value and the vast majority of plant type traits was not significant, and only the width of top third leaf, the number of secondary rachis branches and grain density were negatively significantly correlated with taste value. Further analysis of the relation between grain yield and quality revealed that higher yield led to higher head milled rice rate, but worse taste. The plant type traits and yield and quality characters were closely related, despite the yield and taste value were difficult to unity, a tiny fraction of lines with high yield and good taste could be found in the RIL population. The lines with high yield and good taste mainly featured long panicle and top internode.

Key words: rice, plant-type, yield, quality

中图分类号:

S511.0351

徐海, 宫彦龙, 夏原野, 杜志敏, 闫志强, 王华杰, 陈温福, 徐正进. 中日水稻品种杂交后代的株型性状与产量和品质的关系[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(3): 283-290.

Hai XU, Yan-long GONG, Yuan-ye XIA, Zhi-min DU, Zhi-qiang YAN, Hua-jie WANG, Wen-fu CHEN, Zheng-jin XU. Relation of Plant Type Traits with Yield and Quality in the RIL Population Derived from Cross Between Chinese Rice Variety and Japanese Rice Variety[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2016, 30(3): 283-290.

图/表 8

参考文献 33

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性状 Trait	最大值 MAX	最小值 MIN	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	辽粳5号 Liaojing 5	秋田小町 Akita Komachi
穗数PN	19.00	6.00	10.51	2.09	19.87	12.40	9.00
每穗粒数GPP	200.00	84.80	133.20	19.90	14.94	131.60	113.40
结实率SSR/%	98.77	62.03	92.55	5.46	5.90	80.43	93.02
千粒重TGW/g	28.90	21.56	24.65	1.36	5.51	23.46	23.76
经济系数HI	0.63	0.35	0.53	0.04	8.04	0.57	0.52
单株生物产量BM/g	91.85	33.74	57.26	11.20	19.55	66.23	41.93
理论产量Y/(kg·667m^-2)	789.96	300.25	512.80	97.23	18.96	560.20	370.67

性状 Trait	最大值 MAX	最小值 MIN	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	辽粳5号 Liaojing 5	秋田小町 Akita Komachi
穗数PN	19.00	6.00	10.51	2.09	19.87	12.40	9.00
每穗粒数GPP	200.00	84.80	133.20	19.90	14.94	131.60	113.40
结实率SSR/%	98.77	62.03	92.55	5.46	5.90	80.43	93.02
千粒重TGW/g	28.90	21.56	24.65	1.36	5.51	23.46	23.76
经济系数HI	0.63	0.35	0.53	0.04	8.04	0.57	0.52
单株生物产量BM/g	91.85	33.74	57.26	11.20	19.55	66.23	41.93
理论产量Y/(kg·667m^-2)	789.96	300.25	512.80	97.23	18.96	560.20	370.67

性状 Trait	最大值 MAX	最小值 MIN	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	辽粳5号 Liaojing 5	秋田小町 Akita Komachi
糙米率BR/%	86.07	58.45	77.56	2.87	3.70	76.40	79.69
精米率MR/%	76.62	51.23	69.45	3.42	4.93	68.23	72.01
整精米率HR/%	71.08	45.91	62.22	4.59	7.38	58.68	67.40
蛋白质含量PC/%	9.10	6.20	8.04	0.46	5.69	7.90	8.00
直链淀粉含量AC/%	18.60	15.30	17.67	0.67	3.77	18.20	16.80
白度值WD	44.10	32.60	39.17	2.19	5.60	37.90	38.50
垩白粒率CR/%	49.30	0.90	8.58	7.82	91.12	10.30	2.20
垩白度CD	28.50	0.40	4.75	4.47	94.10	5.40	1.30
食味EQ	90.30	50.14	67.05	7.17	10.69	60.73	83.55

性状 Trait	最大值 MAX	最小值 MIN	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	辽粳5号 Liaojing 5	秋田小町 Akita Komachi
糙米率BR/%	86.07	58.45	77.56	2.87	3.70	76.40	79.69
精米率MR/%	76.62	51.23	69.45	3.42	4.93	68.23	72.01
整精米率HR/%	71.08	45.91	62.22	4.59	7.38	58.68	67.40
蛋白质含量PC/%	9.10	6.20	8.04	0.46	5.69	7.90	8.00
直链淀粉含量AC/%	18.60	15.30	17.67	0.67	3.77	18.20	16.80
白度值WD	44.10	32.60	39.17	2.19	5.60	37.90	38.50
垩白粒率CR/%	49.30	0.90	8.58	7.82	91.12	10.30	2.20
垩白度CD	28.50	0.40	4.75	4.47	94.10	5.40	1.30
食味EQ	90.30	50.14	67.05	7.17	10.69	60.73	83.55

性状 Trait	穗数 PN	穗粒数 GPP	结实率 SSR	千粒重 TGW	经济系数 HI	单株生物产量 BM	理论产量 Y
株高PH	0.189^**	-0.196^**	0.214^**	0.354^**	-0.587^**	0.470^**	0.243^**
倒1节间长TNL1	-0.020	-0.237^**	0.283^**	0.307^**	-0.408^**	0.242^**	0.080
倒2节间长TNL2	-0.069	-0.155^*	0.246^**	0.398^**	-0.460^**	0.251^**	0.068
倒3节间长TNL3	0.314^**	-0.099	0.045	0.168^*	-0.363^**	0.403^**	0.270^**
倒4节间长TNL4	0.271^**	-0.067	-0.032	-0.006	-0.182^*	0.237^**	0.170^*
颈穗弯曲度PC	0.094	-0.232^**	0.139	0.171^*	-0.121	0.110	0.059
剑叶基角FLA	0.292^**	-0.161^*	0.142^*	0.089	0.011	0.183^*	0.187^**
倒2叶基角TLA2	0.158^*	-0.117	0.138	0.087	0.167^*	0.029	0.093
倒3叶基角TLA3	0.033	-0.063	0.216^**	0.095	0.072	-0.009	0.012
剑叶长FLL	0.021	-0.196^**	0.136	0.323^**	-0.438^**	0.257^**	0.084
倒2叶长TLL2	0.008	-0.197^**	0.109	0.265^**	-0.505^**	0.232^**	0.028
倒3叶长TLL3	0.071	-0.182^*	0.158^*	0.208^**	-0.440^**	0.232^**	0.057
剑叶宽TLW	-0.173^*	0.348^**	-0.133	-0.094	0.182^*	-0.047	0.035
倒2叶宽TLW2	-0.142^*	0.323^**	-0.096	-0.141	0.137	-0.031	0.029
倒3叶宽TLW3	-0.168^*	0.350^**	-0.125	-0.110	0.088	0.005	0.042