氮肥对水稻节间和叶鞘非结构性碳水化合物积累转运特征的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.5128

中国水稻科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 273-282.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.5128

氮肥对水稻节间和叶鞘非结构性碳水化合物积累转运特征的影响

潘俊峰^1,³, 王博³, 崔克辉^2,^3,^*(), 黄见良^2,³, 聂立孝^2,³

¹广东省农业科学院水稻研究所, 广州 510640
²主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北荆州 434025
³作物遗传改良国家重点实验室/农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科技学院, 武汉 430070

收稿日期:2015-08-19 修回日期:2015-12-29 出版日期:2016-05-10 发布日期:2016-05-10
通讯作者: 崔克辉
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者;
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31371548);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2013BAD07B10)

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Accumulation and Translocation of Non-structural Carbohydrates in Internodes and Sheaths of Rice

Jun-feng PAN^1,³, Bo WANG³, Ke-hui CUI^2,^3,^*(), Jian-liang HUANG^2,³, Li-xiao NIE^2,³

¹Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
²Hubei Collaborative Innovation center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou 434025, China
³National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/MOA Key Laboratory of Huazhong Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production/College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2015-08-19 Revised:2015-12-29 Online:2016-05-10 Published:2016-05-10
Contact: Ke-hui CUI
About author:
# These authors contributed equally to this work;

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以两优培九和扬稻6号为材料进行盆栽试验,研究低氮(N₁)和高氮(N₂)处理下水稻主茎上部3个节间和叶鞘非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的积累转运特征及对氮肥用量的响应。结果表明:1)与N₂处理相比,N₁处理总体上显著促进灌浆早期两优培九倒2、倒3节间和叶鞘NSC的转运,对扬稻6号的影响差异不明显;N₁处理显著增加了扬稻6号上部3个节间及叶鞘和两优培九倒3节间及叶鞘NSC表观转运量,也增加了两品种上部3个节间及叶鞘的NSC(总)表观贡献率。2) 两个氮肥处理下,供试品种的叶鞘(两优培九倒3叶鞘除外)NSC转运量和表观贡献率大于节间。3)两优培九倒2、倒3节间及叶鞘NSC表观转运量和贡献率、上部3节间及叶鞘的NSC总转运量与总表观贡献率在两个氮肥处理下均高于扬稻6号。4)N₁处理下,两优培九和扬稻6号倒2、倒3节间及叶鞘的转运量分别占总转运量的92%和75%,贡献率分别占91%和76%;而N₂处理下两优培九倒2、倒3节间及叶鞘的转运量占90%,扬稻6号倒2、倒3节间则无输出。本研究表明水稻上部3个节间和叶鞘的NSC (总)转运量品种间存在差异,并受施氮量和节/叶位的影响。在水稻高产和减氮栽培中,通过选用适宜品种和优化氮肥管理,增加花前茎鞘NSC积累和花后NSC再分配,对提高水稻产量潜力和氮效率,特别是对花后逆境和减氮条件下产量稳定具有重要意义。

关键词: 水稻, 氮肥, 节间和叶鞘, 非结构性碳水化合物, 产量形成

Abstract:

Two indica rice varieties, Liangyoupeijiu (LYP9) and Yangdao 6 (YD6), were grown in pots under low (N₁) and high (N₂) nitrogen application rates. The accumulation and translocation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in the top-most three internodes and leaf sheaths of main stems and its contributions to grain yield were investigated. 1) Compared with N₂ treatment, N₁ treatment enhanced NSC translocation of the second and third internodes and sheaths in LYP9 during the early grain filling stage, and also increased the apparent transferred mass of NSC (ATM_NSC) of the three internodes from the top and sheaths in YD6 and the third internode from the top and sheath in LYP9, respectively. However, N₁ treatment had no obvious effect on ATM_NSC of the top first and second internodes and sheaths in LYP9. Noticeably, N₁ treatment increased the apparent contributions of NSC to grain yield (AC_NSC) of the three internodes and sheaths in both two varieties. 2) Except the top-most third sheath in LYP9, the ATM_NSC and AC_NSCof sheaths were higher than those of internodes in both two varieties under N₁ and N₂ treatments. 3) Under N₁ and N₂ treatments, ATM_NSC and AC_NSC of the top-most second and third internodes and sheaths, and total ATM_NSC and AC_NSC of the three internodes and sheaths in LYP9 were higher than those in YD6, respectively. 4) Under N₁ treatment, the top-most second and third internodes and sheaths totally contributed 92% and 91% of total ATM_NSC and AC_NSCof the three internodes and sheaths in LYP9, and 75% and 76% in YD6. Under N₂ treatment,the top-most second and third internodes and sheaths totally contributed 90% and 91% in LYP9, and no NSC translocation from the top-most second and third internodes and totally accounted for 77% of total AC_NSC. Our results indicated that ATM_NSCof the three internodes and sheaths showed genotypic variation and depended on internode/sheath, and was affected by N application rate. Optimizing N fertilizer application and selecting suitable rice variety might enhance pre-anthesis NSC accumulation and post-anthesis NSC translocation, which could further increase rice yield potential and nitrogen use efficiency, especially stability of grain yield under adverse environments and nitrogen fertilizer-reducing practice.

Key words: rice, nitrogen application, internode and sheath, non-structural carbohydrates(NSC), yield formation

中图分类号:

潘俊峰, 王博, 崔克辉, 黄见良, 聂立孝. 氮肥对水稻节间和叶鞘非结构性碳水化合物积累转运特征的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(3): 273-282.

Jun-feng PAN, Bo WANG, Ke-hui CUI, Jian-liang HUANG, Li-xiao NIE. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Accumulation and Translocation of Non-structural Carbohydrates in Internodes and Sheaths of Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2016, 30(3): 273-282.

图/表 7

图1 氮肥处理对水稻主茎产量及构成因子的影响图中数据均为3次重复的平均值±标准误。不同字母表示差异达到P<0.05显著水平。N1和N2表示低氮和高氮处理。YD6-扬稻6号;LYP9-两优培九。下同。

Fig. 1. Effects of nitrogen application rate on grain yield and its components of main stems. Values are means of three replicates±SE. Different letter represents significant difference at P<0.05 level. N1 and N2 refer to low and high nitrogen application rates. YD6,Yangdao 6; LYD9,Liangyoupeijiu. The same as below.

图2 不同氮肥处理下主茎顶3叶绿叶面积动态变化图中数据均为3次重复的平均值±标准误。*和**分别表示氮处理间在0.05、0.01水平上差异显著。下图同。

Fig. 2. Dynamic changes in areas of the top three leaves of main stem during grain filling under two nitrogen treatments. Values are means of three replicates±SE.*, ** indicate significance between the two N treatments at P< 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. The same as in figures below.

图3 灌浆期不同节间NSC含量的变化动态

Fig. 3. Changes in non-structual carbohydrates(NSC) contents of the top three internodes during grain filling under two nitrogen treatments.

图4 灌浆期不同叶鞘NSC含量的变化动态

Fig. 4. Changes in non-structual carbohydrates(NSC) contents of the top three leaf sheathes during grain filling under two nitrogen treatments.

表1 不同氮肥水平下节间与叶鞘的NSC表观转运量

Table 1 Apparent transferred mass of non-structual carbohydrates(NSC) from stems to grains in the top three internodes and leaf sheathes under two nitrogen treatments.

部位 Plant part	NSC表观转运量(YD6) Apparent transferred mass of NSC/mg			NSC表观转运量(LYP9) Apparent transferred mass of NSC/mg
部位 Plant part	N₁		N₂	N₁	N₂
倒1节间First internode from the top	24.3 a^*	14.1 b	8.6 a		17.1 a
倒1叶鞘Flag leaf sheath	23.4 a	19.2 a	22.9 a		27.4 a
倒2节间 Second internode from the top	39.5 a	-0.8 b	25.6 a		37.6 a
倒2叶鞘Second leaf sheath from the top	49.9 a	46.8 a	95.3 a		119.8 a
倒3节间Third internode from the top	13.9 a	-16.2 b	134.5 a		128.3 a
倒3叶鞘Third leaf sheath from the top	45.0 a	30.4 a	101.0 a		93.7 a
总表观转运量 Apparent transferred mass of NSC	196.8 a	93.5 b	387.9 a		423.9 a

表2 不同氮肥水平下节间与叶鞘的NSC表观贡献率

Table 2 Apparent contribution rates of transferred non-structual carbohydrates(NSC) to grain yield in the top three internodes and leaf sheathes under two nitrogen treatments.

部位 Plant part	NSC表观贡献率(YD6) Apparent contribution rate of NSC to grain yield/%			NSC表观贡献率(LYP9) Apparent contribution rate of NSC to grain yield/%
部位 Plant part	N₁		N₂	N₁	N₂
倒1节间First internode from the top	1.0 a	0.2 b	0.5 a		0.3 a
倒1叶鞘Flag leaf sheath	1.1 a	0.4 a	1.2 a		0.8 a
倒2节间Second internode from the top	1.7 a	-0.0 b	1.3 a		1.1 a
倒2叶鞘Second leaf sheath from the top	2.3 a	1.2 a	5.1 a		3.5 a
倒3节间Third internode from the top	0.6 a	-0.2 b	7.1 a		3.7 b
倒3叶鞘Third leaf sheath from the top	2.1 a	0.7 a	5.4 a		2.7 a
总表观贡献率Total apparent contribution	8.8 a	2.2 b	20.7 a		12.1 b

表3 不同氮肥水平下节间叶鞘NSC表观转运量和NSC表观贡献率与库容、绿叶面积消减率、一次枝梗数的相关性

Table 3 Correlations between the reduced rate of leaf area(top three leaves), sink-capacity per panicle, number of primary rachis branch and non-structual carbohydrates(NSC) translocation traits under two nitrogen treatments.

部位 Plant part	NSC表观转运量ATM_NSC									NSC表观贡献率AC_NSC
	库容 Sink-capacity				叶面积消减率 Reduced rate of leaf area					一次枝梗数 Number of primary rachis branch		库容 Sink-capacity			叶面积消减率 Reduced rate of leaf area			一次枝梗数 Number of primary rachis branch
	N₁			N₂		N₁	N₂	N₁		N₂		N₁	N₂	N₁	N₂	N₁	N₂
倒1节间 First internode from the top	0.65	-0.90^**	0.04	0.11	0.42		-0.09		0.52		-0.94^**	-0.74^*		0.23		-0.50		0.06
倒1叶鞘 Flag leaf sheath	-0.22	0.19	-0.19	0.41	-0.50		0.09		-0.55		0.17	0.07		0.41		-0.41		0.25
倒2节间Second internode from the top	0.90^**	0.40	0.03	0.68	0.52		0.76^*		0.86^**		0.39	0.11		0.68		0.55		0.78^*
倒2叶鞘Second leaf sheath from the top	-0.02	0.21	0.84^**	0.74^*	0.75^*		0.71^*		-0.32		0.16	0.89^**		0.61		0.63		0.72^*
倒3节间Third internode from the top	0.42	0.20	0.90^**	0.78^*	0.96^**		0.69		-0.47		0.26	0.82^*		0.75^*		0.40		0.73^*
倒3叶鞘Third leaf sheath from the top	-0.12	0.24	0.82^*	0.72^*	0.53		0.14		-0.37		0.24	0.86^**		0.70		0.45		0.22

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氮肥对水稻节间和叶鞘非结构性碳水化合物积累转运特征的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Accumulation and Translocation of Non-structural Carbohydrates in Internodes and Sheaths of Rice

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