配方施肥及磷肥后移对单季稻磷素利用效率、产量和经济效益的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.5094

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用田间试验,研究了常规施肥、配方施肥以及磷肥后移对水稻磷素吸收积累量、利用效率、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,配方施肥和磷肥后移使水稻植株内磷素吸收累积量增加,磷肥贡献率、吸收利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力等均显著提高;在相同施磷水平下,与磷肥全部基施处理相比,磷肥后移处理(m_基肥:m_追肥=7:3)使水稻生育后期磷素总累积量和净吸收量提高了6.86%和20.07%,磷肥贡献率、吸收利用率、农学利用率、偏生产力和生理利用率提高了36.56%、23.10%、46.16%、7.09%和18.25%,水稻产量和产投比提高了7.09%和7.04%。综合分析,配方施肥尤其是磷肥后移可显著增加水稻生育期磷素吸收累积量,提高水稻磷肥利用效率、产量和产投比,达到增产增效的目的。

关键词: 配方施肥, 磷肥后移, 水稻, 磷肥利用效率, 产量

Abstract:

A field experiment was carried out to reveal the effects of conventional fertilization(CF), formulated fertilization(FF) and postponed application of phosphorus fertilizer(DAP) on phosphorus accumulation and its utilization efficiency, as well as grain yield and economic benefit in rice. The results showed that the phosphorus absorption and accumulation in rice of phosphorus in FF and DAP were higher than those in CF. And the contribution rate, absorption efficiency, agronomic use efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of phosphorus in FF and DAP increased significantly (P<0.05) compared with CF. Moreover, under the same phosphorus level, the phosphorus accumulation amount and net absorption amount of rice during the later growth period in T₃ (basal P:topdressed P = 7:3) were 6.86% and 20.07% higher than those in T₂ (P used as basal fertilizer). Meanwhile, the contribution rate, absorption efficiency, agronomic use efficiency, partial fertilizer productivity and physiological efficiency of phosphorus in T₃ increased by 36.56%, 23.10%, 46.16%, 7.09% and 18.25%, respectively. Compared with T₂, the grain yield and output-input ratio also increased by 7.09% and 7.04%. The results indicated that FF, especially DAP increased phosphorus absorption and accumulation in rice during the growth duration, as well as the P utilization efficiency, grain yield and output-input ratio, which had a positive effect on increasing production and efficiency.

Key words: formulated fertilization, postponed application of phosphorus fertilizer, rice, phosphorus utilization efficiency, yield

中图分类号:

李鹏, 张敬智, 魏亚, 常江, 郜红建, 章力干, 丁玉宇. 配方施肥及磷肥后移对单季稻磷素利用效率、产量和经济效益的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(1): 85-92.

Peng LI, Jing-zhi ZHANG, Ya WEI, Jiang CHANG, Hong-jian GAO, Li-gan ZHANG, Yu-yu DING. Effect of Formulated Fertilization and Postponed Application of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency, Grain Yield and Economic Benefit of Single-cropping Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2016, 30(1): 85-92.

图/表 8

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处理 Treatment	肥料施用量 Fertilizer application level /(kg·hm^-2)			氮肥施用比例 (基肥:分蘖肥:穗肥) N fertilizer application proportion (Basal: For tillering : For panicle initiation) /%	磷肥施用比例基肥:穗肥) P fertilizer application proportion (Basal: For panicle initiation) /%
处理 Treatment	N			P₂O₅	K₂O^*
T₁	199.5	123.0	72.0	75:25:0	100:0
T₂	180.0	105.0	105.0	40:30:30	100:0
T₃	180.0	105.0	105.0	40:30:30	70:30
T₄	127.5	90.0	45.0	40:30:30	100:0
T₅	180.0	0	105.0	40:30:30	-

处理 Treatment	肥料施用量 Fertilizer application level /(kg·hm^-2)			氮肥施用比例 (基肥:分蘖肥:穗肥) N fertilizer application proportion (Basal: For tillering : For panicle initiation) /%	磷肥施用比例基肥:穗肥) P fertilizer application proportion (Basal: For panicle initiation) /%
处理 Treatment	N			P₂O₅	K₂O^*
T₁	199.5	123.0	72.0	75:25:0	100:0
T₂	180.0	105.0	105.0	40:30:30	100:0
T₃	180.0	105.0	105.0	40:30:30	70:30
T₄	127.5	90.0	45.0	40:30:30	100:0
T₅	180.0	0	105.0	40:30:30	-

处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage			抽穗期 Heading stage				成熟期 Maturity stage
处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage	茎 Stem		叶 Leaf		茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle
T₁	2.97±0.07 b	3.10±0.17 a	2.44±0.08 a	2.57±0.29 bc	2.12±0.17 ab	2.08±0.10 b		1.09±0.25 cd		1.00±0.03 c	3.00±0.38 ab
T₂	2.91±0.10 b	2.90±0.07 ab	2.24±0.10 b	3.12±0.06 a	2.30±0.11 a	2.34±0.13 a		1.40±0.03 ab		1.46±0.06 ab	3.17±0.26 a
T₃	2.85±0.09 b	2.89±0.25 ab	2.25±0.12 b	2.81±0.02 ab	2.28±0.03 ab	2.29±0.11 ab		1.57±0.14 a		1.51±0.03 a	3.32±0.02 a
T₄	3.30±0.02 a	2.82±0.04 b	2.29±0.03 b	3.01±0.12 a	2.29±0.08 a	2.40±0.05 a		1.29±0.09 bc		1.43±0.07 b	3.08±0.02 ab
T₅	2.18±0.04 c	2.79±0.02 b	2.20±0.05 b	2.31±0.25 c	2.06±0.10 b	2.07±0.17 b		0.86±0.06 d		0.96±0.02 c	2.67±0.15 b

处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage			抽穗期 Heading stage				成熟期 Maturity stage
处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage	茎 Stem		叶 Leaf		茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle
T₁	2.97±0.07 b	3.10±0.17 a	2.44±0.08 a	2.57±0.29 bc	2.12±0.17 ab	2.08±0.10 b		1.09±0.25 cd		1.00±0.03 c	3.00±0.38 ab
T₂	2.91±0.10 b	2.90±0.07 ab	2.24±0.10 b	3.12±0.06 a	2.30±0.11 a	2.34±0.13 a		1.40±0.03 ab		1.46±0.06 ab	3.17±0.26 a
T₃	2.85±0.09 b	2.89±0.25 ab	2.25±0.12 b	2.81±0.02 ab	2.28±0.03 ab	2.29±0.11 ab		1.57±0.14 a		1.51±0.03 a	3.32±0.02 a
T₄	3.30±0.02 a	2.82±0.04 b	2.29±0.03 b	3.01±0.12 a	2.29±0.08 a	2.40±0.05 a		1.29±0.09 bc		1.43±0.07 b	3.08±0.02 ab
T₅	2.18±0.04 c	2.79±0.02 b	2.20±0.05 b	2.31±0.25 c	2.06±0.10 b	2.07±0.17 b		0.86±0.06 d		0.96±0.02 c	2.67±0.15 b

处理 Treatment	磷肥贡献率 Contribution rate of P /%	磷肥吸收利用率 Absorption efficiency of P /%	磷肥农学利用率 Agronomic use efficiency of P /(kg·kg^-1)	磷肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity of P /(kg·kg^-1)	磷肥生理利用率 Physiological efficiency of P /(kg·kg^-1)
T₁	4.90±1.36 c	9.58±1.69 d	3.17±1.46 c	67.26±3.36 c	73.15±12.49 b
T₂	15.40±0.79 ab	19.70±1.46 b	13.93±0.50 ab	90.71±5.86 b	162.22±6.38 ab
T₃	21.03±3.60 a	24.25±0.33 a	20.36±4.89 a	97.14±1.72 ab	191.81±27.26 a
T₄	10.12±3.60 bc	16.56±1.60 c	10.33±3.51 bc	99.58±1.59 a	132.82±33.93 ab