秸秆还田条件下不同水分管理对双季稻田综合温室效应的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以南方红壤区双季稻-紫云英为研究对象,利用静态箱-气相色谱法分别分析包括绿肥和稻草等秸秆还田条件下不同水分管理对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放、水稻产量以及综合温室效应(GWP)的影响。试验设持续淹水(F)、中期烤田(F-D-F)和间歇灌溉(F-D-F-M)处理。结果表明,秸秆还田条件下双季稻田周年CH₄排放量介于208.3 kg/hm²(F-D-F-M处理)和678.2 kg/hm²(F处理)之间,其中,晚稻生长季占周年CH₄排放量的60.6%~71.7%。F处理周年CH₄排放量显著高于F-D-F和F-D-F-M处理(P<0.05)。秸秆还田条件下双季稻田周年N₂O排放量为4.75~8.19 kg/hm²。与F处理相比,F-D-F-M处理周年N₂O排放通量显著增加(60.9%);而F和F-D-F处理之间没有显著差异。早稻和晚稻各处理产量分别为7.76~8.02 t/hm²和7.22~8.69 t/hm²。秸秆还田条件下,双季稻单位面积GWP和单位产量GWP分别为7648.8~18471.8 kg/hm²和0.48~1.12 kg/kg,其中F-D-F和F-D-F-M处理分别显著低于F处理(P<0.05)。因此,在秸秆还田条件下采用中期烤田和间歇灌溉替代持续淹水,可以同步实现双季稻高产和减轻农业生产对气候的潜在影响。

关键词: 水分管理, 甲烷, 氧化亚氮, 综合温室效应, 稻田

Abstract:

This study provided an insight into a complete green house gases(GHG) accounting of global warming potential(GWP) as affected by water regime in typical double rice-cropping system with crop residue returning. The three water treatments included continuous flooding (F), flooding-midseason drainage-reflooding (F-D-F) and flooding-midseason drainage-reflooding-moist intermittent irrigation (F-D-F-M) in rice growing seasons. Methane and N₂O fluxes were measured using static chamber method. The results showed that annual CH₄ emissions ranged from 208.3 kg/hm² for the F-D-F-M plots to 678.2 kg/hm² for the F plots, being 60.6%-71.7% from late-rice season. The CH₄ emission was significantly reduced by midseason drainage and intermittent irrigation in comparison with continuous flooding. Annual N₂O emission was 4.75-8.19 kg/hm² in the double rice-cropping system. Compared with the F plots, the N₂O emission slightly reduced in the F-D-F plots, while it was remarkably increased in the F-D-F-M plots. Among treatments, the grain yields of early-rice and late-rice were 7.76-8.02 t/hm² and 7.22-8.69 t/hm², respectively. The GWP ranged from 7648.8 kg/hm² for the F-D-F-M plots to 18471.8 kg/hm² for the F plots in double rice-cropping system with crop residue returning. The GWP ranged from 0.48 kg/kg to 1.12 kg/kg, significantly reduced for the F-D-F and F-D-F-M plots as compared to F plots. Therefore, agricultural economic viability and GHGs mitigation can be simultaneously achieved by midseason drainage and intermittent irrigation instead of continuous waterlogging in the double rice-cropping system with crop residue returing.

Key words: water regime, methane, nitrous oxide, GWP, rice paddy

中图分类号:

S141.4
S181

商庆银, 杨秀霞, 成臣, 罗亢, 黄山, 石庆华, 潘晓华, 曾勇军. 秸秆还田条件下不同水分管理对双季稻田综合温室效应的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(2): 181-190.

Qing-yin SHANG, Xiu-xia YANG, Chen CHENG, Kang LUO, Shan HUANG, Qing-hua SHI, Xiao-hua PAN, Yong-jun ZENG. Effects of Water Regime on Yield-scaled Global Warming Potential Under Double Rice-Cropping System With Straw Returning[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2015, 29(2): 181-190.

图/表 9

图1 水稻生长季田间水层深度变化 F-持续淹水; F-D-F-中期烤田;F-D-F-M-间歇灌溉。

Fig.1. Temporal variation of water depth during the rice-growing seasons. F, Continuous flooding; F-D-F, Flooding-drainage-reflooding; F-D-F-M, Flooding-drainage-reflooding-moist intermittent irrigation.

图2 秸秆还田条件下双季稻种植季CH4排放通量变化

Fig. 2. Variation of CH4 fluxes during double rice growing seasons in double rice-cropping system with crop residue returning.

表1 秸秆还田条件下各处理CH4排放量

Table 1 Seasonaland annual CH4 emissions under crop residue incorporated in double rice-cropping systems.kg/hm2

处理 Treatment	早稻季 Early-rice season	晚稻季 Late-rice season	紫云英生长季 Chinese milk vetch season	周年 Annual total
F	191.6±31.8 a	486.6±86.4 a	0.50±0.05 a	678.2±115.9 a
F-D-F	105.3±12.4 b	217.1±30.5 b	0.17±0.12 b	322.6± 32.4 b
F-D-F-M	81.5± 8.3 b	126.3±82.7 b	0.58±0.12 a	208.3± 74.4 b

图3 秸秆还田条件下紫云英生长季CH4和N2O排放通量变化

Fig. 3. Variations of CH4 and N2O fluxes during Chinese milk vetch growing season in double rice-cropping system with crop residue returning.

图4 秸秆还田条件下双季稻种植季N2O排放通量变化

Fig.4. Variation of N2O fluxes during double rice growing seasons in double rice-cropping system with crop residue returning.

表2 秸秆还田条件下各处理N2O排放量

Table 2 Seasonal and annual N2O emissions in double rice-cropping system with crop residue returning .kg/hm2

处理 Treatment	早稻季 Early-rice season	晚稻季 Late-rice season	紫云英生长季 Chinese milk vetch season	周年 Annual total
F	0.77±0.25 a	1.05±0.25 b	3.27±0.17 a	5.09±0.36 b
F-D-F	1.02±0.48 a	0.94±0.34 b	2.79±0.34 a	4.75±0.60 b
F-D-F-M	2.66±2.33 a	2.28±0.93 a	3.25±0.66 a	8.19±1.15 a

表3 秸秆还田条件下各处理水稻产量及其构成因素

Table 3 Grain yield and its components under different water regime treatments in double rice-cropping system with crop residue returning.

生长季与处理 Growing season and treatment	有效穗数 Number of effective tillers /(×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Grain yield /(t·hm^-2)
早稻 Early rice
F	330.0±25.2 a	139.2±14.7 a	82.7±4.3 a	25.8±0.1 a	7.76±0.36 a
F-D-F	317.3±41.5 a	143.4± 6.3 a	84.5±0.5 a	25.4±0.1 a	8.01±1.36 a
F-D-F-M	325.7±22.9 a	144.0±17.4 a	84.8±1.1 a	24.9±0.8 a	8.02±0.28 a
晚稻 Late rice
F	400.4±43.2 a	154.9± 5.3 a	77.5±6.7 a	24.6±0.9 a	8.69±0.70 a
F-D-F	379.6±36.8 a	157.0± 5.6 a	79.9±1.3 a	25.0±0.5 a	7.22±1.19 a
F-D-F-M	391.6±23.9 a	153.4± 3.2 a	74.6±4.6 a	24.8±0.3 a	8.03±0.26 a

图5 秸秆还田条件下双季稻单位面积GWP(A)和单位产量GWP(B)

Fig. 5. Area- and yield-scaled GWP in double rice-cropping system with crop residue returning.

图6 田间水层深度与稻田CH4排放通量的关系

Fig. 6. Correlation between CH4 flux and water depth during double rice growing seasons (2013).

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