鱼塘种稻对养殖水体营养物质的去除作用研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以黄颡鱼精养塘为例,探索鱼塘种植高秆型水稻对精养池塘水体氮磷养分等水质指标的修复作用。结果表明,在水稻生长期,种稻黄颡鱼精养塘水体氮、磷养分含量显著低于单养鱼池塘。在水稻收获期,单养鱼塘水体总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量高达11.98 mg/L和0.52 mg/L,超过了《淡水池塘养殖水排放要求》标准;而种稻鱼塘水体中TN、TP含量则仅为0.49 mg/L和0.08 mg/L,达到《淡水池塘养殖水排放要求》一级排放标准。种稻鱼塘水体中TN、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、TP和PO₄^3--P含量比不种稻单养鱼塘分别降低95.95%、98.09%、98.07%、84.47%和64.57%。种稻鱼塘COD含量和pH值低于单养鱼塘。可见,种稻能有效降低水体养分含量,改善养殖水体水质。

关键词: 水稻, 养殖水体, 富营养化, 修复, 黄颡鱼塘

Abstract:

An experiment was conducted to elucidate the effects of rice planting on nutrients removal from yellow catfish pond. The results indicated that the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water of the pond with rice planting significantly decreased during the whole rice growing season. The concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water without rice planting were 11.98 mg/L and 0.52 mg/L in the harvest time of rice,respectively, higher than the secondary standard of the Requirement for Water Discharge from Freshwater Aquaculture Pond. While the concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 0.49 mg/L and 0.08 mg/L with rice planting, meeting the primary standard of the Requirement for Water Discharge from Freshwater Aquaculture Pond. The contents of total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N), total phosphorus (TP), and phosphate (PO₄^3--P) in the water with rice planting reduced by 95.95%, 98.09%, 98.07%, 84.47% and 64.57%. COD contents and pH value in the water with rice culture were lower than those without rice culture. It demonstrated that rice planting help reduce water nutrients and improve water quality.

Key words: rice, aquaculture water, eutrophication, purification, yellow catfish pond

中图分类号:

李凤博, 冯金飞, 周锡跃, 吴殿星, 陈凡, 徐春春, 方福平. 鱼塘种稻对养殖水体营养物质的去除作用研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(2): 174-180.

Feng-bo LI, Jin-fei FENG, Xi-yue ZHOU, Dian-xing WU, Fan CHEN, Chun-chun XU, Fu-ping FANG. Nutrients Removal From Fish Pond by Rice Planting[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2015, 29(2): 174-180.

图/表 6

图1 黄颡鱼塘种养格局与现场 A-鱼塘布局; B-鱼塘剖面; C-鱼塘种稻现场; D-鱼塘专用稻与普通水稻对比。

Fig.1. Distribution of integrated rice-fish farming in yellow catfish pond. A, Layout of fishpond; B, Profile of fishpond; C, Yellow catfish pond with rice planting; D, Plant height comparison of rice in the fish ponds and normal rice.

图2 种稻和不种稻黄颡鱼塘水体TN、NH4+-N和NO3--N含量的变化柱上不同小写字母表示差异达5%显著水平。

Fig. 2. Changes in the concentrations of TN, NH4+-N and NO3--N in the water of yellow catfish pond with and without rice planting. Different lowercase letters above the bars represent significant difference at 0.05 level. FRP, Fish farming with rice planting; FWRP, Fish farming without rice planting.The same as in figures below.

表1 淡水池塘养殖水排放要求

Table 1 Requirement for water discharge from freshwater aquaculture pond.

项目 Item	一级标准 Primary standard	二级标准 Secondary standard
总氮 Total nitrogen/(mg·L^-1)	≤3.0	≤5.0
总磷 Total phosphorus/(mg·L^-1)	≤0.5	≤1.0
化学需氧量COD/(mg·L^-1)	≤15	≤25
pH值pH value	6.0-9.0	6.0-9.0

图3 种稻和不种稻黄颡鱼池塘水体总磷、可溶性磷含量的变化

Fig. 3. Changes of the concentrations of total P and soluble P in the water of yellow catfish pond with and without rice planting.

图4 种稻和不种稻黄颡鱼塘水体COD、pH值的变化

Fig. 4. Changes of water COD,pH Yalue in yellow catfish pond with and without rice planting.

表2 水稻植株各部位干物质量对N、P的累积量

Table 2 Accumulation of N and P and dry weight in various parts of rice plant.

指标 Index	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	籽粒 Grain	地上部 Above-ground
干物质量 Dry matter weight/(kg·hm^-2)	3977.08±388.70	892.81±56.08	629.51±43.71	5499.41±441.27
氮 Nitrogen/(mg·g^-1)	7.06±0.48	17.92±0.65	13.47±0.17	38.46±0.91
磷Phosphorus/(mg·g^-1)	1.06±0.08	1.30±0.02	2.29±0.10	4.66±0.03

参考文献 23

[1]	农业部渔业局. 2013中国渔业统计年鉴. 2013.
[2]	Cao L, Wang W, Yang Y, et al.Environmental impact of aquaculture and countermeasures to aquaculture pollution in China.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2007, 14(7): 452-462.
[3]	宋超,陈家长,裘丽萍,等. 中国淡水养殖池塘环境生态修复技术研究评述. 生态学杂志,2012,31(9):2425-2430.
[4]	Akinbile C O, Yusoff M S.Assessing water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassopes) and lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) effectivesness in aquaculture wasterwater treatment.Int J Phytorem, 2011, 14: 201-211.
[5]	Li F L, Jing S R, Lee D Y, et al.Performance of a constructed wetland treating intensive shrimp aquaculture wastwater under high hydraulic loading rare.Envion Pollut, 2005,134: 411-421.
[6]	罗思亭,张饮江,李娟英,等. 沉水植物与生态浮床组合对水产养殖污染控制的研究. 生态与农村环境学报,2011,27(2):87-94.
[7]	渠烨. 水生植物对污染物的清除及其应用. 环境保护与循环经济,2013,(5):41-43.
[8]	宋祥甫,邹国燕,吴伟明,等. 浮床水稻对富营养化水体中氮、磷的去除效果及规律研究. 环境科学学报,1998,18(5):489-494.
[9]	Li S, Li H, Liang X Q, et al.Rural wastewater irrigation and nitrogen removal by the paddy wetland system in the Tai Lake region of China.J Soils Sed,2009, 9(5): 433-442.
[10]	陈柏湘. 稻田对池塘养殖废水的净化研究. 武汉:华中农业大学,2009.
[11]	周元,朱建强,李谷,等. 稻田对池塘养殖肥水的吸收利用效果研究. 灌溉排水学报,2011,30(5):78-81.
[12]	Schwartz M F,Boyd C E.Constructed wetlands for treatment of channel catfish pond effluents.Prog Fish-Cult, 1995, 57(4): 255-266.
[13]	舒廷飞,温琰茂,汤叶涛. 养殖水环境中氮的循环与平衡. 水产科学,2002,21(2):30-34.
[14]	Spencer P, Pollock R, Dube M.Effects of un-ionized ammonia on histological, endocrine, and whole organism endpoints in slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus).Aquat Toxicol, 2008, 90: 300-309.
[15]	陈家长,孟顺龙,胡庚东,等. 空心菜浮床栽培对集约化养殖鱼塘水质的影响. 生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(1):155-159.
[16]	李文祥,李为,林名利,等. 浮床水蕹菜对养殖水体中营养物的去除效果研究. 环境科学学报,2011,31(8):1670-1675.
[17]	唐萍,沈金超,贾军洋. 浮床栽培水芹净化养殖水体的研究. 北方园艺,2011,(22):40-42.
[18]	邴旭文,陈家长. 浮床无土栽培植物控制池塘富营养化水质. 湛江海洋大学学报,2001,21(3):29-33.
[19]	黄海平. 水蕹菜浮床在精养鱼池中的应用效果研究. 武汉:华中农业大学,2012
[20]	宋超,陈家长,戈贤平,等. 浮床栽培空心菜对罗非鱼养殖池塘水体中氮和磷的控制. 中国农学通报,2011,27(23):70-75.
[21]	黄亚,傅以钢,赵建夫. 富营养化水体水生植物修复机理的研究进展. 农业环境科学学报,2005,24(增刊):379-383.
[22]	Merin G, Pajean J L, Lissolo T.Performance of constructed wetlands for municipal wastewater treatment in rural mountainous area.Hydrobiologia, 2002, 469: 87-98.
[23]	Armstrong W.Aeration in higher plants.Adv Bot Res, 1980, 7: 225-332.