中国水稻科学

中国水稻科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 440-446.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2013.04.015

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

氮肥运筹对膜下滴灌水稻生长和产量的影响

朱齐超,危常州* ,李美宁,朱金龙,吴诚,王佳   

  1. 石河子大学 农学院, 新疆 石河子 832003；
  • 收稿日期:2012-11-05 修回日期:2013-02-04 出版日期:2013-07-10 发布日期:2013-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 危常州*
  • 基金资助:

    国家863计划资助项目（2011AA100508）；新疆生产建设兵团杰出人才基金资助项目（2011CD004）。

Effects of Nitrogen Management on Growth and Grain Yield of Rice under Drip Irrigation with Plastic Film Mulching

ZHU Qichao, WEI Changzhou*, LI Meining, ZHU Jinlong, WU Cheng, WANG Jia   

  1. Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
  • Received:2012-11-05 Revised:2013-02-04 Online:2013-07-10 Published:2013-07-10
  • Contact: WEI Changzhou*

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摘要： 以T04为材料，设置不同施氮量（0、200、270、340 kg/hm2）和3种施肥策略（即m基肥∶m分蘖肥∶m促花肥∶m保花肥=15∶30∶40∶15、25∶40∶30∶5、40∶15∶35∶10），研究施氮量和施肥策略对膜下滴灌水稻干物质积累动态和产量形成的影响，以探明不同施氮量和氮肥运筹方式对水稻生长和产量形成的影响，并提出最佳的施氮量和施肥策略。结果表明,施氮显著提高膜下滴灌水稻的干物质积累量和籽粒产量， 270 kg/hm2施氮水平具有最高生物学产量和经济学产量，籽粒产量达到9657.7 kg/hm2。施氮量显著影响水稻茎蘖数、有效穗数、成穗率、每穗粒数、实粒数和千粒重。施肥策略对膜下滴灌水稻的有效穗数和成穗率影响显著，以施肥策略S1（基肥∶分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=15∶30∶40∶15）处理的水稻产量最高。氮肥后移有助于提高膜下滴灌水稻的有效穗数、成穗率，形成高产。对水稻膜下滴灌高产栽培模式而言，270 kg/hm2 的施氮水平和基肥∶分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=15∶30∶40∶15的氮肥运筹模式较为合理。

关键词: 膜下滴灌, 水稻, 产量, 产量形成因子, 氮肥运筹

Abstract: Effects of Nappliation rates and fertilization strategies on dry matter accumulation dynamics and grain yield components     under drip irrigation  were studied with T04 as material with plastic film mulching. Four N application rates (0, 200, 270, 340 kg/hm2) and 3 Napplication strategies (basal∶tillering∶spikeletpromoting∶spikeletprotecting fertilizer =15∶30∶40∶15, 25∶40∶30∶5, 40∶15∶35∶10) were  designed. The results indicated that Napplication rates significantly improved the dry matter accumulation and grain yield,  with N application of 270 kg/hm2 showing the maximum dry matter accumulation and the highest grain yields (9657.7 kg/hm2) at  the  four N application levels. N application rates significantly affected  number of tillers, number of effective panicles, productive tiller ratio, grain number  per panicle, filled grain number and grain weight. N fertilization strategy particularly significantly affected  effective  panicle  number and productive tiller ratio. The strategy that N split at basal∶tillering∶spikeletpromoting∶spikeletprotecting fertilizer by 15∶30∶40∶15 harvested the highest yield in the three strategies, indicating  that N application  at late growth  stage  can increase rice effective  panicle number, productive tiller ratio  and grain yield subsequently. All above suggested that N rate at 270 kg/hm2 and split by basal∶tillering∶spikeletpromoting∶spikeletprotecting at 15∶30∶40∶15 was a sound solution for rice cultivation under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching.

Key words: drip irrigation with plastic film mulching, rice, grain yield, grain yield components, nitrogen management

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