覆盖方式对旱作水稻后期冠层生理生态特性及产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2010.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以超级杂交稻组合P88S/1128为材料，设置地膜覆盖、稻草覆盖和液体膜覆盖3个处理，以裸地为对照，研究了不同覆盖方式对旱作水稻群体生理生态特性的影响。研究表明，覆盖方式对旱作水稻群体微气象因子和水稻的个体生长都有明显影响，表现为覆盖显著降低了高温季节特别是高温时段水稻冠层的温度，提高了相对湿度，营造了群体内部良好的微气象环境。覆盖处理的叶片蒸腾作用增强，叶片的温度降低，叶片的抗高温胁迫能力提高，从而光合速率显著提高。覆盖栽培下产量构成各因子均有明显优化，其中地膜覆盖栽培下的每穗粒数和结实率最高，产量较对照增加16.81%；稻草覆盖处理的有效穗增多，较对照增产9.59%。但液体膜覆盖的增产效果不明显，产量构成因子与对照相比差异不显著。

关键词: 水稻, 旱作, 覆盖, 产量, 光合作用, 微气象因子

Abstract: The effect of mulching mode on leaf physiological and population ecological characteristics of rice was studied by using super hybrid rice combination P88S/1128 as material under three mulching cultivation modes and bare cultivation (control). The results showed that mulching mode had a significant effect on micrometeorological factors and individual growth of rice.There was a significant reduction of rice canopy temperature in hot season, especially in hightemperature periods. Under mulching cultivation, relative humidity increased, creating good microclimatic conditions. At the same time, leaf transpiration increased, leaf temperature decreased under mulching cultivation, which improved the tolerance of rice to high temperature stress, thereby significantly enhanced photosynthetic rate. The yield components under mulching cultivation were obviously improved. With the highest grain number per paincle and seed setting rate, the yield under plastic film mulching cultivation was increased by 1681% compared to the control. Under straw mulching cultivation, the number of effective panicles increased, leading to a yield increase of 959%. However, the rice yield under the liquid film mulching had no significant difference with that of the control.

Key words: rice, dry cultivation, mulching, yield, photosynthesis, microclimate

张玉烛,刘洋,曾翔,陈恺林,黄泽辉,谢洪科. 覆盖方式对旱作水稻后期冠层生理生态特性及产量的影响 [J]. 中国水稻科学 2010,24(5): 487-492 . , DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2010.05.007 .

ZHANG Yu-zhu,LIU Yang ,ZENG Xiang ,CHEN Kai-lin,HUANG Ze-hui ,XIE Hong-ke . Effects of Mulching Mode on Canopy Physiological, Ecological Characteristics and Yield of Rice under Dry Cultivation [J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science 2010,24(5): 487-492 ., DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2010.05.007 .

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