中国水稻科学

中国水稻科学

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细胞质对杂交水稻农艺性状遗传效应的研究（英文）

盛孝邦   

  1. 湖南农学院农学系
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1987-11-18 发布日期:1987-11-18

Genetic Effects of Cytoplasm on Agronomic Characteristics in Hybrid Rice (in English)

Sheng Xiaobang   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1987-11-18 Published:1987-11-18

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摘要： 研究了野败、柳野、神奇、冈型、红野、包台、滇一和滇三等8种不育胞质对杂交水稻株高、穗颈长和产量等12个农艺性状的影响，分析了部分组合及其亲本花药的过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明，8种不育胞质对杂种一代的株高、穗颈长、穗数、成穗率、实粒数、结实率、千粒重、单株粒重和小区产量表现负效应，使抽穗期明显延迟，不育系配制的杂种产量较低是由于产量各构成因素均不同程度降低的结果，但不育胞质对杂种优势的负效应只是一个相对的概念，对配合力好、恢复度高的组合来说，这种负效应并不足以改变杂种优势的方向和程度。供试杂交水稻三系及其所配组合子代在成熟花药过氧化物酶同工酶活性（条带数、宽窄和密度）上表现明显可辨的差异，不育系＞恢复系和保持系，籼粳两组异质同核不育系间也有明显差异。提出了“细胞质效应”或“细胞质优势”的概念，用于评价不同质源不育系对杂种优势影响的方向核程度。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 农艺性状, 细胞质效应, 过氧化物酶同工酶

Abstract: Studies were conducted on the effects of eight male sterile cytoplasms, WA, Liu-Ye, Shen-Qi, Gambiaka(G-type), Hong-Ye, BT, Dian I and Dian 3, on twelve agronomic characteristics in hybrid rice. Peroxidase isozyme analysis was made on the mature anthers of some combinations and their parents. Results showed that there were negative effects of the eight sterile cytoplasms on plant height, panicle exsertion, number of panicles per plant, percentage of effective panicles, number of filled grains per panicle, setting percentage, 1000-grain weight, grain weight per plant, with differences among different combinations; heading date was apparently delayed. The cytoplasmic effects showed the same tendency in the zymograms of the peroxidase isozymes. Comparing the results of our experiments with those reported in literature, we suggest that the phenotypic effects of made sterile cytoplasm on hybrid rice are genetic phenomena closely related to sterility. But as for the yields, the negative effects of male sterile cytoplasm do not change the direction and degree of the heterosis of combinations with high combining ability and high restorability. In the paper, a formula was first introduced for evaluating cytoplasmic effect in heterosis.

Key words: hybrid rice, agronomic characteristics, cytoplasmic effect, peroxidase isozymes